Rectangular concrete cross section

Bending and shear calculation

Calculation according to DS-EN 1992:2008 Ver. 1.11 + DKN:2013 Authorised Best Practice

Project: Ny Ellebjerg - RB2 - Midlertidig ringbanestation Project no.:

Subject: Description Date: 5/30/2016

Prep.: NSOV Check: MILS Appr.: SDB Page:

INPUT DATA

Beam geometry

Cross section width b

440
mm b
1000
Cross section height h mm
dw
2200
Beam length L mm
75
Stirrup cover c mm
16
Reinforcement diameter f mm
5
Total number of reinforcement bars - pcs h
fw 16
Stirrup diameter mm
150
Distance between stirrups s mm
2
No. of cuts in stirrups (vertical stirrups) - pcs

Type of member - Beam

Material properties d
Execution type In-situ c
Execution class Normal
fcd sc<0,6fck
Compressive strength of conrete, characteristic fck 40 Mpa

Yield strength of reinforcement, characteristic fyk 550 MPa

Modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel Esk 200000 MPa l·X x

Duration of load for crack width calculation Short

Load (section forces) and requirements d d

SLS Moment Mk 24 kNm

ULS Moment MEd 24 kNm

ULS Shear force VEd 22 kN

Cot (q) 1

wmax
ss/a
Maximum crack width allowed 0.3 mm

CALCULATION

GENERAL PARAMETERS

Partial factor for concrete gc 1.45 - Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete fctm,fl 3.5 MPa

Partial factor for reinforcing steel gs 1.20 - Reinforcement ratio ( = As/bd ) r 0.0025 -

Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete e cu 0.0035 - Min. required mechanical reinforcement ratio Fmin,d 0.0275 -

Strain of reinforcing steel at yield esy 0.00275 - Balanced mechanical reinforcement ratio Fbal,d 0.4835 -

Factor for effective height of compression zone l 0.8 - Factor defining the effective strength h 1.0000 -

a = Esk/Eck a 6 -

ULS CALCULATION SLS CALCULATION

Bending capacity Crack width calculation

Cross sectional area of reinforcement As 1005.3 mm2 Min. reinforcement for crack width control 364.0 mm2

Effective depth of cross section ( = h-c-fw-0,5*f) d 901.0 mm Neutral axis depth x 140.9 mm

Mechanical reinforcement ratio F 0.0421 - Effective concrete area Ac,eff 108900 mm2

Neutral axis depth x 47.5 mm Effective reinforcement ratio rp,eff 0.0092

Height of compression zone ( = l·x) 38.0 mm Tensile stress in reinforcement ss 28.4 MPa

Lever arm of internal forces ( = d - 0,5·l·X) z 882.0 mm Strain difference 0.00009

Tensile stress in the reinforcement ss 458.3 MPa Maksimum crack spacing sr,max 425 mm

Bending moment capacity MRd 406.4 kNm Crack width wk 0.04 mm

Shear capacity Deflection calculation

Cross sectional area of shear reinforcement Asw 402 mm2 Curvature k 1.87E-07 mm-1

Reinforcement ratio for shear reinforcement rw 0.00609 - Deflection u 0.1 mm

Min reinforcement ratio for shear reinforcement rw,min 0.00072 - NB! Deflection is only applicable for a simply

Strength reduction factor for concrete nV 0.50 - supported beam with uniformly distributed load

Shear force capacity without stirrups VRd,c 157.4 kN

Shear force capacity with stirrups VRd,s 1083.75 kN

Stirrup spacing < 0,75*eff. depth of cross section sl,max 675.8 mm

Main reinforcement shall be anchored for F,for. 11.0 kN

CONCLUSION

ULS bending capacity OK ! Crack width OK !

Normal reinforced cross section Shear reinforcement (stirrups) is not necessary

file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/495146096.xlsx[Tab]
Rectangular concrete cross section
Bending and shear calculation for bridgedeck
Calculation according to DS-EN 1992:2008 Ver. 1.11 + DKN:2013 Authorised Best Practice

Project: CRSH SYDHAVNEN METRO - MCWTS TRANSFER WORKS BELOW KØR Project no.: A090924
Subject: ALS verification of panels Date: 10/16/2020
Prep.: MILS Check: CACE Appr.: SDB Page:

INPUT DATA
Geometry

Cross section width b 440 mm b

Cross section height h 1000 mm
dw
Beam length L 2200 mm

Stirrup cover (Nominal Cover) c 55 mm

d 16 mm
Reinforcement diameter
- 3 - h
Total number of reinforcement bars
dw 16 mm
Stirrup diameter
s 150 mm
Distance between stirrups
Total Nos. of legs of stirrup (vertical section) - 4 -

Type of member - Beam

Material
d
Execution type In-situ c
Execution class Normal
hfcd sc<0,6fck
Compressive strength of conrete, characteristic fck 40 Mpa

Yield strength of reinforcement, characteristic fyk 550 MPa

Modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel Esk 200000 MPa

l·X x
Duration of load for crack width calculation Short

Section forces from loadcase and specific assumptions d d

SLS Moment Frequent (For crack width checking ) MF 2255 kNm

SLS Moment Characteristic (For Stress checking ) Mch 0 kNm

SLS Moment Quasi (For Stress checking ) Mq 0 kNm

ULS Moment Med 3397.5 kNm

ULS Shear force VEd 1239.13 kN ss/a

Cot (q ) 1

Maximum crack width allowed wmax 0.3 mm

CALCULATION
GENERAL PARAMETRES

Design Condition Permanent - Tension strenth in concrete fctm,fl 3.5 MPa

Partial coeff. for compression of concrete gc 1.45 - Reinforcement ratio ( = A s/bd ) r 0.0015 -

Partial coeff. for steel reinforcement gs 1.20 - Minimum required reinforcement ratio Fmin,d 0.0275 -

Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete e cu 0.0035 - Balanced reinforcement ratio Fbal,d 0.4835 -

Strain of reinforcing steel at yield esy 0.00275 - Maximum permitted reinforcement ratio Fmax,d 0.6646 -

Factor for Design Comp stress(fcd) acc 1.0 - Factor to effective strength h 1.0000 -

Factor for effective height of compression zone l 0.8 - a = Esk/Eck a 5.71 -

SLS Calculations

Bending capacity Crack width calculation ( Frequent )

Cross sectional area of reinforcement As 589.8 mm2 Min. reinforcement for crack width control As,min 364.0 mm2

Effective depth of cross section ( = h-c-f w-0,5*f) d 921.0 mm Neutral axis depth X 111.4 mm

Mechanical reinforcement ratio F 0.0242 - CheckEffective concrete area Ac,eff 86900 mm2

Neutral axis depth X 27.84 mm Effective reinforcement ratio rp,eff 0.0068

Height of compression zone ( = l·x) 22.3 mm Stresses in reinforcement ( F ) ss 4326.6 Mpa

Lever arm of internal forces ( = d - 0,5·l·X) z 909.9 mm Eqv. Concrete Stresses in reinforcement level (F) sc 757.2 Mpa

Tensile stress in the reinforcement ss 458.3 MPa Cracked Section

Bending moment capacity MRd 238.9 kNm Strain difference (esm - ecm) 0.02003

Shear capacity Maximunm crack spacing sr,max 521 mm

Cross sectional area of shear reinforcement Asw 804 mm2 Crack width, Frequent wk 10.4364 mm

Reinforcement ratio for shear reinforcement rw 0.01219 -

Min reinforcement ratio for shear reinforcement rw,min 0.00072 - Stress Check calculation (Characteristic& Quasi)

Strength reduction factor for concrete nv 0.50 - Permissible comp. stress in Concrete (C) 0.6fck 24.0 Mpa

Shear force capacity without stirrups VRd,c 160.0 kN Not OPermissible tensile stress in Reinforcement (C) 0.8fyk 440.0 Mpa

Shear force capacity with stirrups VRd 2235.92 kN Permissible comp. stress in Concrete (Q) 0.45fck 18.0 Mpa

Stirrup spacing (Longitudinal) < 0,75*d sl,max 690.8 mm Neutral axis depth X 111.4 mm

Dist. betw. stirrup legs (Transverse) 0,75*d<=600mm st,max 600.0 mm Cracked Moment of Inertia about NA Icrack 4.2206E+08 mm⁴

Additional tension on main reinforcement D Ftd 619.6 kN Max Comp. Stresses in Concrete(C) sc 0.0 Mpa

Max normal force in section from moment MRd/z 262.6 kN Stresses in reinforcement ( C ) ss 0.0 Mpa

MEd/z + DFtd < = MRd,max/z MEd/z + 4353.7 kN Not OMax Comp. Stresses in Concrete (Q ) sc 0.0 Mpa
(check is only needed if Max ULS moment and Max ULS Shear is in same DFtd
crosssection)
Maximum effective shear reinforcement Asw,max/s 6.6 mm2 Stresses in reinforcement ss 0.0 Mpa

Shear reinforcement in crosssection, Asw/s<Asw,max/s Asw/s 5.4 mm2 OK

CONCLUSION
Bending capacity NOT OK !! UR=1422% Min reinforcement reqd. for crack width control is OK

Un-reinforced cross-section, Cl. (9.2.1.1(2)) Crack width NOT OK UR=3479%

Hanger reinforcement is sufficient Char. SLS Stresses are within limit, Hence OK MAX UR=0%

Quasi. SLS Stresses are within limit, Hence OK MAX UR=0%

Rectangular concrete beam Version 1.11 of 25.02.2016
This program calculates the carrying capacity of a rectangular concrete
beam by finding the bending capacity, the shear capacity and the crack
width. The standard used is Eurocode 2, part 1-1, DS/EN 1992-1-
1:2008 (later referred to as EC2) with the corresponding danish
national annex EN 1992-1-1 DK NA:2013.
The program assumes a constant cross section of the beam. The beam
is assumed subjected to pure bending. Any compression reinforcement
is not taken into account.
If the cross section is under reinforced, the bending capacity is
calculated on basis of a neutral axis height found from the elastic
distribution (crack width calculation), since the concrete in that case
will not yield before reaching the ultimate moment. The α-value used
in the calculation is the same as the one used for the crack width
calculation.
Stirrups are assumed to be vertical.
Use of the program
Spread sheet cells for input data is formatted with blue font color.
Other spread sheet cells are protected against changes in order to
prevent unintentional overwriting of calculation expressions etc.
At spread sheet cells with a small red triangle in the upper right corner
it is possible to view a small guide for the actual cell. The guide will
appear when the mouse marker is held on the respective cell.
Some of the input data is chosen from a list, which appears when the
mouse marker is placed in the cell.
Reinforcement
It is assumed that the used reinforcement is ribbed steel.
Reinforcement can only be placed in one layer. If there is a need for
more than one layer, the user must adjust the cover and the diameter of
the stirrup so that the right center of gravity is obtained. In this case the
calculation of the shear capacity is on the safe side, however the crack
width calculation is on the unsafe side.
The shear reinforcement is assumed to have the same yield stress as the
longitudinal reinforcement.
Crack width calculation
As,min is based on cracking that happens after 28 days, if cracking
happens earlier a lower value for fctm can be used.
The calculation assumes pure bending, k2 = 0,4. The concrete modulus
of elasticity is found in accordance with the national annex section
3.1.3. The secant value for short term loading is set to Ecm =22(fcm/10)0,3
(fcm in MPa) and for long term loading it is set to Ec,eff = 1/4 Ecm
A simple check is made to find out whether the main reinforcement lies
close enough to prevent coarse cracks according to (7.14). If the
distance is large the crack width is calculated according to (7.14)
For plates this check is not entirely correct since it is not necessary to
subtract the cover in the sides for plates.
Shear capacity
The shear capacity found for the situation with no shear reinforcement
assumes that the main reinforcement is fully anchored.
It is on the safe side assumed that the transverse compression scp=0
when calculating the value for acw.
If there are more than 2 stirrup legs it is assumed that these are evenly
distributed along the width, in order to be able to check the distance
according to equation 9.8.
This only applies for "Calculation_Bridge"-sheet:
Shear capacity
Under shear capasity, the additional tensile force in the longitudional
reinforcement is calculated. And the maximum combined tensileforce
should be lower than maximum capacity: MEd/z + ΔFtd < = MRd,max/z.
Shear reinforcement cannot be greater than the maximum effective
shear reinforcement in the crosssection, Asw/s<Asw,max/s. This check is
only made if Cot (𝜃)=1
Stress Check calculation (Characteristic& Quasi)
Char. SLS Stresses are checked, according to both the comprision in
concrete and the tensile force in the reinforcement should be lower than
the capacity 𝜎_𝑐<0,6×𝑓_𝑐𝑘 and 𝜎_𝑠<0,8×𝑓_𝑦𝑘
Quasi. SLS Stresses are checked, according to the comprision in
concrete should be lower than the capacity 𝜎_𝑐<0,45×𝑓_𝑐𝑘
Spread sheet prepared by CJE
Spread sheet checked by BSU

Prep. Check
Revision 1.0 First version for EC2
Revision 1.1 12/19/2008 Cells in header unlocked for editing, number of decimals changed and figure corrected.

Revision 1.2 1/5/2009 Figure adjusted and symbols for reinforcement diametre corrected to correspond the
figure.
Revision 1.3 1/9/2009 Extra column added and width adjusted to be able to type correctly in the header, logo
changed.
Revision 1.4 11/6/2009 Cell I62 changed so that a text is shown if the beam needs to be calculated without
stirrups.
Revision 1.5 11/11/2009 Warning added in cell I68 if the shear reinforcement is placed with a distance that is too
large according to equation 9.8N in EC2. Formatting of error messages changed.

Revision 1.6 6/15/2011 Equation for maximum crack distance changed according to supplement 1 for DK-
NA:2008 and the ratio ae=Es/Ecm changed in equation for strain difference, cell L52.

Revision 1.7 12/17/2012 Ecm changed according to DS/EN 1992-1-1 DK NA: 2011
Revision 1.8 xx-06-2014 MEBL DAVE English translation. Warning in cell I62 divided into two cells, I62 and I63. Prep and
check columns added for revisions in the revision log. References to EC2 in columns A
and N updated. Minor error in F61 corrected. Effective height for concrete area in
tension surrounding the reinforcement changed, (h-x)/3 is removed, since it is only
applicable for plates according to DS/EN 1992-1-1 DK NA:2013

Revision 1.9 9/2/2014 MEBL DAVE Possibility to choose member type (beam or plate) introduced. Only the calculation of
the effective height for concrete area in tension surrounding the reinforcement is
changed.
Revision 1.10 2/17/2015 DAVE MEBL Calculation of distance between reinforcement, when Plate is chosen, is corrected.
Revision 1.11 11/5/2015 SOHT MCST Addition of the sheet "Calculation_bridge" which is a copy of the sheet "Calculation"
modified in regard to bridge decks specifically.
Revision 1.12 2/27/2017 SOHT PINO Check in "Calculation_bridge" MEd/z + ΔFtd < = MRd,max/z is corrected.