Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Yarn Evenness CV
August 2003
Contents
1 Introduction ...............................................................................3
6 Settings ......................................................................................7
When a preset limit is exceeded, the system can provide an alarm for the
respective spinning position and another one for the machine value derived
from all producing spinning positions.
The reason for yarn irregularity is based on the fact that it is not possible for
staple fiber yarns to keep a constant number of fibers in the cross-section.
Reasons can be divided into:
· raw-material related faults, like e.g. the evenness of the fiber length, fi-
ber adhesion or
· process-related faults, caused by defect machine parts, like draw-box
defects or the kind of roller coats.
From these points is becomes clear, that the coefficient of variation is used
as an efficient method for quality and process monitoring.
In general it can be said: the lower the CV-value, the more even is the ma-
terial and the more even it will look in the end-product. Fig. 2-1 shows a
comparison between two fabrics with a low (CV = 11.48%) and a high co-
efficient of variation (CV = 17.76%).
It is known, that the evenness is not constant over the whole bobbin length.
It usually decreases from the tip to the base of a bobbin. This circumstance
has to be taken into account when evaluating the values when setting in the
setting of the monitoring limits.
s
CV% = ´ 100
x
mass/
diameter
+s
-s
_
x
length Fig. 3-1 Graphical repre-
sentation of the CV
With the help of the coefficient of variation, CVm as well as CVd, winding
positions, which deviate in quality, can be monitored.
The CV mean value of the group (CV-MV) is determined from all winding
positions. As it is based on a large population, it does not show any erratic
deviations. Erratic deviations can occur with individual winding positions.
The upper alarm limit “CV-MV upper” and the lower alarm limit “CV-MV
lower” can be set independent of each other. Compared to the CV of the
winding position, this "alarm band" is set to a relatively high sensitivity be-
cause a mean value CV-MV which exceeds preset limits is usually an indi-
cation of serious problems.
The CV-MV indicates important changes and trends of the yarn. In an initial
test cycles, the settings of this alarm band should not be set too sensitive.
After the CV mean value of the group has been determined over a certain
time span (e.g. one shift or several doffings), then the upper and lower
alarm limits can be set.
If the upper or lower alarm limits are exceeded, then this will be indicated
by an alarm. After a period of observation, the setting can then be adjusted
according to the specific application. This is illustrated by the following Fig.
4-1:
CV - MV
Alarm is
triggered
CV - MV
The CV-MV is used as a basis for the CV value referred to a single winding
position. The monitoring of the CV of the spinning position is carried out in
relation to the current CV mean value of the group. As with the CV-MV, an
"alarm band" can be set for the CV-SP value. The set value is effective in
both the positive and the negative direction. If an alarm limit is exceeded,
then this will be indicated by an alarm. Depending on the settings, the
winding position can be blocked.
Example:
The percentage deviation (CV-SP), which is defined as the alarm limit, is
calculated be means of the CV-MW, as shown in the following example:
With a CV-MV of 14% and an alarm limit of ±20%, the effective range is
between 11.2% and 16.8%. The deviation behavior of the CV of the wind-
ing position is shown schematically in the following Fig. 5-1:
Alarm is
CV triggered
CV-SP
CV+
CV+-
CV-MW CV+-
In the window "Q-Parameter" of the Control Unit, the following settings can
be adjusted:
Reference length:
It is possible to set the reference length between 50 – 10'000 m. In winding,
a reference length of 400 m has been accepted as the standard. This is a
length which is necessary for a reliable CV-value. However, the setting of
the reference length also depends on the objective when monitoring the
coefficient of variation.
· The setting of a lower CV alarm limit serves for monitoring and the de-
tection of yarns, which have too much twist caused by:
– heavy ring travellers,
– 2 ring travellers on one ring with different operating hours, i.e. the old
traveller was not removed,
– twisted drive belts.
· The setting of a upper CV alarm limit which serves for the monitoring
and detection of:
– a general high CV, caused by diverse faults in the production proc-
ess,
– a rough ring,
– slow spindles caused by loose drive belts.
Action
If the CV of a winding position exceeds one of the alarm limits, the iMK re-
acts according to the selected alarm, setting column ACTION. An entry is
made in the logbook in all cases. There are three different possibilities:
· none
· cut
· block
If no action is chosen, the measurement with a set limit serves only for
data collection to monitor the quality of the production. If USTER® QUAN-
TUM EXPERT for winding is connected, the signal is transferred to this
data system for alarm purposes.
With the selection cut, a cut is triggered when a preset alarm limit is
reached. CV alarms are quality parameters and indicate changes of the
yarn quality. It does not make much sense to take the yarn off the cone
since it causes damages in the packing and leads to weak places in the
yarn. This setting should not be chosen.
Fig. 7-1 shows the results of the CV-measurement of each winding position
as well as the CV-mean value of the group and the absolute CV-alarm at
the control unit.
· SP UPPER LIMIT
The upper absolute CV-limit is calculated from the CV-mean value of the
group and the set relative upper CV-alarm limit.
· SP LOWER LIMIT
The lower absolute CV-limit is calculated from the CV-mean value of the
group and the set relative lower CV-alarm limit.
Uster Technologies AG
Wilstrasse 11
CH-8610 Uster / Switzerland
Phone +41 1 943 38 88
Fax +41 1 943 38 38
www.uster.com
sales@uster.com