Course Overview

Course : Maj-Mat 220

Number
Course Code
Descriptive Calculus II (Integral)
Title
Credit Units 3
School/Term First Sem./ AY: 202-2021
Mode of Online/ Offline Learning
Deliver
Name of MARILOU B. SIEGA
Instructor
This course follows from differential calculus. This exposes the prospective
Course teachers with types of integration, the basic formulas, and methods of
Description integration and geometric applications of the definite integral. In this
course students will be able to learn more powerful tools and techniques
for obtaining area and optional solutions.

It is expected that at the end of the course, the students must have:

1. Distinguished and evaluated between definite and indefinite

Course integrals.
Outcomes 2. Applied the basic formulas and principles of integration.
3. Evaluated integrals using the different methods of integration.
4. Used the fundamental theorem of calculus to evaluate integrals.
5. Interpreted and solved problems involving definite integrals.

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SLSU will develop science, technology and innovation leaders and

SLSU professionals; produce high-impact technologies from research and
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sufficient and financially viable.
Learning Plan

Module I
The Integral Concept

Lesson I
The Basic Formulas and Principles

Introduction

Integration is used in dealing with two essentially different types of problems:

The first type are problems in which the derivative of a function, or its rate of change, or the slope
of its graph, is known and we want to find the function. We are therefore required to reverse the
process of differentiation. This reverse process is known as antidifferentiation, or finding a
primitive function, or finding an indefinite integral.

The second type are problems which involve adding up a very large number of very small
quantities, (and then taking a limit as the size of the quantities approaches zero while the number
of terms tends to infinity). This process leads to the definition of the definite integral. Definite
integrals are used for finding area, volume, centre of gravity, moment of inertia, work done by a
force, and in many other applications.

This lesson will deal only with problems of the first type, i.e. with indefinite integrals.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, you must be able to;

1. Evaluate simple integrals by reversing the process of differentiation.
2. Explain the need for a constant of integration when finding indefinite integrals.
3. Use the basic integration formulas for finding integrals of sums of functions and constant
multiples of functions.

Let’s Begin!

What is an integral?
How are integrals related to derivatives?

Consider these situations: How can a known rate of inflation be used to determine future prices?
What is the velocity of an object moving along a straight line with known
acceleration?
How can knowing the rate at which a population is changing be used to predict future population
levels?
In all these, the derivative (rate of change) of a quantity is known and the quantity itself is required.

Assuming that you are familiar with the following elementary functions: polynomials, powers of X,
the trigonometric, exponential and natural logarithmic functions and are able to differentiate these.
To check how well you remember, try the following questions and write your answers on a piece of
paper.
Find the derivatives of the following functions;
1. X12 2. √X 3. 1/X 4. 5X3-3/X2 5. (2X+1)10
x
6. sin 3X 7. f(x)=e 8. f(x)=ln(x) 9. f(x)=cosx + sinx 10. f(x)=cotx
if you had difficulty with many of these questions it may be better for you to revise differentiation.

Discussion
Basic Formulas for Calculating Integrals

Because antidifferentiation is the inverse operation of differentiation, we obtain antidifferentiation

formulas from differentiation formulas.

#1: ∫du = u + C
#2:∫audu = a ∫udu , where a is a constant
Formula 2 states that to find an antiderivative of a constant times a function, first find
antiderivative of the function, and then multiply it by the constant.
#3: ∫(f+-g)du = ∫fdu +- ∫gdu
Formula 3 states that the integral of the sum (or difference) of two functions is equal to the sum (or
difference) of the integrals of the individual functions.
#4: ∫1/udu = ln/u/ + C
#5. : ∫undu = un+1/n+1 + C (n≠-1)

Applications of the above formulas are illustrated in the following examples.

1. Evaluate ∫ (3x + 5) dx Solution: ∫ (3x+5)dx = 3∫ xdx + 5∫ dx
= 3(x2/2 + C1) + 5(x + C2)
= 3/2x2 + 5x + C where C1+C2 = C
This answer can be checked by finding the derivative. Doing this, we have D x(3/2x2+5x+C)=
3x+ 5
2. Evaluate ∫ 3√x2dx Solution: ∫3√x2dx= ∫ x2/3dx = x2/3+1/2/3+1 +C = 3/5x5/3 +C
3. Evaluate ∫ x-1dx Solution: ∫ x-1dx = ∫ 1/xdx = ln/x/ + C

Application and Assessment

I. Answer the following questions briefly and concisely.

1. Differentiate definite integrals from indefinite integrals if there’s any.
2. Justify the arbitrary constant added to the indefinite integrals.
3. Look into the following formulas and give your remarks.
a. ∫ (u + v)dx = ∫ udx + ∫ vdx
b. ∫audx = a∫ udx
c. ∫undu = un+1/n+1 + C ; n≠ -1

II. Evaluate the following integrals.

1. ∫ 0dx 6. ∫ 3/√x dx
2. ∫ 3/2dx 7. ∫ (4/x3 + 2/x) dx
3. ∫ 1/x3dx 8. ∫ (1/x4 + 1/4√x dx
4. ∫ 5xdx 9. ∫ 3√x2 dx
2
5. ∫ x /2dx 10. ∫ 4x3 – 3x2 -2x / 2x dx

Summary

When a function f(x) is known we can differentiate it to obtain its derivative df/dx. The reverse
process is to obtain the function f(x) from knowledge of its derivative. This process is called
integration.
Key Terms/Concept

Integrals
Definite Integrals
Indefinite Integrals

References
1. Apa-ap, R. et.al.(2009). Simplified Approach to Integral Calculus. New Galaxie Lithographic
Arts and Printing Press.
2. Feliciano, F. and Uy, F. (1983). Differential & Integral Calculus. Meriam & WesterBookstore,
Inc.
3. Morris, C. and Stark, R. (2016).Integral Calculus. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.