Name: Tran Quang Binh

Student ID: GCH190821

Course: Web Design
Contents for junior staff member:
▪ Operation Mechanism of Website
▪ Domain Name System
▪ Communication Protocols
▪ Web Server Hardware/Software
Contents for senior staff members:
▪ Static and dynamic website
▪ Front-end and back-end web
technologies
▪ Web creation tools and custom built
Explain server technologies and management services
associated with hosting and managing websites
Before we begin, it is necessary to know the concept of website, to put it simply:
▪ A website is simply a collection of web pages of codes – codes that describes the
layout, format and content on a page.
▪ The computers that make up the Internet, “serve up” documents upon request are
known as servers. More accurately, the server is the software (not the computer
itself) that allows the computer to communicate with other computers.
▪ The browser connects your computer to the server through an IP address. The IP
address is obtained by translating the domain name via Domain Name Server
(DNS).
Website works based on “request-
serve” method:
▪ Clients (User browser) request the
webpage from the server by
accessing to website address.
▪ The server “serves” copy of
requested HTML document that later
transform into webpage display on
client’s browser.
▪ In order for a computer to be part of
the Web, it must be running special
web server software that allows it to
handle Hypertext Transfer Protocol
method.
▪ Every computer and device (modem, router, smartphone, cars, etc.)connected to
the Internet is assigned a unique numeric IP (Internet Protocol) address. For
example: 172.16.254.1
▪ Each device connected to the Internet has a unique IP address which other
machines use to find the device. DNS servers eliminate the need for humans to
memorize IP addresses such as 192.168.1.1 (in IPv4), or more complex newer
alphanumeric IP addresses such as 2400:cb00:2048:1::c629:d7a2 (in IPv6).
▪ Universal Resource Locator (URL) is a
complete internet address which can
locate a specific domain or an
individual page on a given domain.
▪ A URL contains the following
information:
▪ The protocol used to access the resource.
▪ The location of the server (whether by IP
address or domain name).
▪ The port number on the server
(optional).
▪ The location of the resource in the
directory structure of the server.
▪ A fragment identifier (optional).
▪ DNS Record
▪ DNS records are stored in
zone files and are used
for translating domain
names to IP addresses.
▪ DNS server ▪ DNS Query
▪ DNS queries are the
computer code that tells
the DNS servers what kind
of query it is and what
information it wants back.
▪ A DNS server is a type of
name server that
manages, maintains and
processes Internet domain
names and their
associated records.
▪ DNS are organized as following
structure:
▪ Root server
▪ Top level domain
▪ Second level domain
▪ Sub-domain
▪ Hostname
▪ It is a set of rules or languages used by networking device or computer in
order to communicate with each other.
▪ There are some features of communication protocol:
▪ Transfer data across the Internet.
▪ Communicate with specific servers such as
Webserver, FTP server or Mail server.
▪ Communicating between two devices is safer.
▪ Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
▪ Internet Protocol (IP)
▪ User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
▪ Post office Protocol (POP)
▪ Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)
▪ File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
▪ Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
▪ Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
▪ Telnet
▪ Gopher
▪ It is a computer that has large memory, hard drive, and fast processor.
▪ The purpose:
▪ Receive and send data/information.
▪ Store the assets of server.
▪ Handle the workload of server.
▪ Provide database for server.
▪ Server Operating System is a kind of ▪ There are the most well-known sever
special OS designed for server OS that commonly used:
computer. ▪ Windows Server
▪ Just like normal OS, it allows other ▪ Linux
software or application run on server ▪ Red Hat
computer. ▪ FreeBSD
▪ It serve requests from clients computer. ▪ Solaris
▪ MAC
▪ The application that typically run on
▪ Sun Cobalt
Server Operating System:
▪ Webserver
▪ Database server
▪ Mail server
▪ DNS server
▪ Web server is the computer that
capable to store the content of a
website.
▪ Web server communicate with
client’s browser via HTTP (Hyper Text
Transfer Protocol).
▪ Web server respond to the client
request in either of the following two
ways:
▪ Sending the file to the client associated
with the requested URL.
▪ Generating response by invoking a
script and communicating with
database
▪ When client sends request for a web
page, the web server search for the
requested page if requested page is
found then it will send it to client with
an HTTP response.
▪ If the requested web page is not
found, web server will the send
an HTTP response: Error 404 Not
found.
▪ If client has requested for some other
resources then the web server will
contact to the application server and
data store to construct the HTTP
response.
▪ Search engine optimization (SEO) is a methodology of strategies, techniques, and
tactics used to increase the number of visitors (traffic) to a website by obtaining a
high-ranking placement in the search results page of a search engine (SERP) —
including Google, Bing, Yahoo, and other search engines.

▪ There are two main features that search engines look at when evaluating high
ranking site compared to other sites on the web.
▪ On-site SEO looks at what the site (or page) is about
▪ Off-site SEO looks at how authoritative and popular the site is
▪ As mentioned above, search engine
will look at on-site and off-site SEO in
order to determine the rank that the
website in at the search result.
▪ On-site method ▪ To sum up, the popularity of website
▪ This is a part of the website’s source code of the 1st depends on those characteristics:
result of keyword “How search engine works”
▪ Off-site method ▪ We can also consider to do 3 things as
▪ Website ranking on search result is mentioned at the bellow image in
also influenced by following factors: order to increase the popularity of
website.
Categories website technologies, tools and software used to
develop websites
▪ Static website is the type of website
that doesn’t use any external
database.
▪ It’s written completely in HTML.
▪ It isn’t interactable.
▪ Cons:
▪ Pros:
▪ Fast load time and page display.
▪ More secured.
▪ Less complex to set up.
▪ Less expensive to maintain and host.
▪ Expensive to update site.
▪ Required developer update the site.
▪ The site functionality is limited.
▪ Dynamic websites are capable of
serving different content to web
visitors.
▪ Dynamic websites require a database.
▪ Interactable.
▪ Cons:
▪ Pros:
▪ Greater Interactivity with Users
▪ Increased Functionality (Ecommerce,
Login Portals etc.)
▪ Easier to manage using a CMS, especially
large sites
▪ Less coding skills required.
▪ Less secure and more vulnerable
▪ More complex to setup depending on
functionality
▪ Slower load time
▪ Generally more expensive to setup and
maintain
▪ Similarity
▪ Both are written in HTML, CSS, Javascript.

▪ Difference
▪ Front-end is the graphical interface
of the webpage through the use of
HTML, CSS, JavaScript.
▪ Front-end is related to client-side.
▪ The framework of front-end: jQuery,
Bootstrap, Foundation, etc.
▪ HTML (Hyper Text Markup
Language): Describe the content and
graphical appearance of webpage.
▪ CSS (Cascading Style Sheet): modify
the graphical elements of webpage –
from colors, background to fonts.
▪ JavaScript: Create interactive
features of website.
▪ This game is made purely by HTML, CSS and JavaScript!
▪ Back-end is server-sided process
that involve rendering the client-side
content.
▪ It is essential for web application
development.
▪ Back-end involve hosting server, web
application, database.
▪ PHP (Hyper Text Pre-Processor): it is
widely-used scripting language that
is especially suited to web
development. It is server-sided
language and embed in HTML.
▪ ASP.NET: it’s a platform created by
Microsoft to make web application.
▪ Tools for all-in-one developments:

▪ Sublime Text 3: ▪ Notepad ++: ▪ Visual Studio Code

▪ Specific languages development:

▪ CSS ▪ JavaScript ▪ PHP

▪ Recommend tool: Visual Studio
Code
▪ Reasons:
▪ Auto completion, syntax checking,
code suggesting.
▪ A lot of extensions that allow users to
develop any language they want, not
only HTML, CSS, JS, PHP alone.
▪ User-friendly UI.
▪ Fast.
▪ More recommended tool:
phpMyAdmin
▪ Reason:
▪ phpMyAdmin can run on any server or any OS as
it has a web browser.
▪ Can easily create, delete, and edit the database
and can manage all elements using the graphical
interface of phpMyAdmin, which is much easier
than MySQL command-line editor.
▪ phpMyAdmin helps control the user's permission
and operate several servers at the same time.
▪ Have ability to backup database and export the
data into different formats
▪ Can execute complex SQL statements and
queries, create and edit functions, triggers, and
events using the graphical interface.
See you later!
▪ https://electronicspost.com/dns-servers/
▪ https://www.eukhost.com/blog/webhosting/how-a-web-server-functions/
▪ https://www.advantage.tech/service/server-hardware
▪ https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/server_operating_system.html
▪ https://wavemakers.co/how-search-engines-work/
▪ https://vwm.com/blog/static-vs-dynamic-website-pros-cons/
▪ https://www.pluralsight.com/blog/software-development/front-end-vs-back-end