Dear Student,

Given my knowledge on these topics, these information that I am going to present under each question might help
you a lot. Thank you.

Regards,
Tutor

1. About processes capabilities, what is the difference between overall and within capability? and if we are looking
for a short-term process within subgroups, on the other hand, if we are looking for the overall performance of a
process, looking for a long-term process then we look for the overall.
ANSWER: To discuss about their differences, within variability represents within-batch variability, while on the
other hand, between variability represents short-term fluctuations between batches. When we estimate these short-
term variations between batches, we shall only condiser the differences between the averages of consecutive
batches are considered. It is also important to take note that Within and Between variations estimates are then
combined together to solve a short-term between/within Cpk. In contrary, the Ppk is still based on the overall
long-term variability, considering all individual values during the whole period.

2. What would you improve and recommend to control to increase the Cpk?
ANSWER: Basically, there are three possible ways in order to improve the Cpk. You can improve it by centering
the process, reducing the variation, or the combination of the two ways. Well, another interesting way to figure
out how to improve Cpk is by looking at the mean and standard deviation.

3. What is the correlation between the sample mean and the target?
ANSWER: The target population and the sample population are related with each other but are usually different.
They differ on the difficulty in collecting unbiased samples. Target refers to the population about which
information is driven, whereas sample covers the population to be sampled/considered.

4. Since you said the sample mean should be shifted to be closer to the target
ANSWER: Sorry, but this question is lacking of information.

5. Explain the PR by operations?

ANSWER: Sorry, I don’t know much about this PR thing.

6. State the difference study var and tolerance?

ANSWER: The main difference between study var and tolerance focuses on the purpose for doing the study. We
learned from the past that most companies were only after of getting the good parts – by sorting it away from the
bad parts as the requirement for the gage. But today, most companies would highly require their suppliers to have
controlled or capable processes. Now, if you are tasked to control a process, you need to be able to detect changes
in the process by which conditions are out of your control anymore. The existence of GAGEpack, a gage
management software, enables you to estimate the process variation based on a control procedure for the process
measurement under study.

7. Explain what is boxplots

ANSWER: A box plot is a type of chart that is used in presenting explanatory data analysis to visually show the
distribution of numerical data and skewness by displaying the data quartiles or percentiles and averages.

8. What is the line on the chart for the value of the operator?
ANSWER: We call that line horizontal reference line, which tells the overall mean of the measurements or a
value entered based on historical process knowledge.

9. What the lines distinguish categories?

ANSWER: I don’t get the entire question. Something might be added into it to support the point of the question.

10. What is the overall and within deviation? and how to use it?
ANSWER: Standard deviation within is the short-term standard deviation from a sample and it contains the
normal process variation. This standard deviation is used in Minitab control charts to calculate the control limits
of a chart. It is specifically used to calculate Cpk.
In contrary, standard deviation overall is the long term standard deviation of a population and it contains both
normal and special cause variation. It is used to calculate Ppk.
11. Why in a gauge R&R repeatability is a problem?
ANSWER: I think you are talking about “gage” not “gauge”.
One of the key aspects of measurement in Gage R&R is on repeatability. It becomes a problem whenever you
don’t know how much variation in the measurements is taken by the same person/unit using the same tool.