Digestive system. Paper. 1.

Name- Nikol Surname-- Kokhiya /14

1. Celiac disease causes the destruction of the villi cells. Which of the following is most likely
to happen to people with celiac disease?

A. Incomplete digestion of fats

B. Poor absorption of calcium

C. Increased levels of glucose in blood

D. Damage in the esophagus caused by increase in acid content of the stomach

2. This question refers to the following diagram of the digestive system.

Which organs are associated with the transformation of glucose into glycogen?

A. 1 and 4 B. 2 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 1 and 3

3. State the missing source, optimum pH requirement, substrate and product of the human
enzymes in the table below.

Enzyme Source Optimum pH Substrate Products

Amylase Salivary gland 7 starch maltose

Lipase pancreas 7 Lipids Fatty acids and glycerol

(2)
4. What are the names of the organs labelled I and II in the diagram below?

I II
A. pancreas liver
B. small intestine large intestine
C. gall bladder pancreas
D. esophagus stomach

5. Which of the following parts of the digestive system secrete proteases?

Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine

A. Yes Yes Yes
B. Yes No Yes
C. Yes No No
D. No No No
6. The diagram below shows parts of the human digestive system.

Which points are linked by the small intestine?

A. I and III B. II and III C. II and IV D. III and IV

7. What does the digestion of starch by amylase produce?

A. Lactose B. Sucrose C. Galactose D. Maltose

8. What are these structures?

A. Fatty acids in the small intestine B. Bacteria in the large intestine

C. Villi in the small intestine D. Feces egested from the large intestine 
9. What are functions of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine? A

10. [1 mark] Where is absorption of digested food carried out?

I. Villi II. Pancreas III. Small intestine
A. I only B. I and II only C. I and III only D. I, II and III
11. Colonic irrigation involves regularly flushing the large intestine with water. Why should this
practice be avoided?
A. The large intestine absorbs water.
B. Vitamin-producing bacteria are eliminated.
C. It will stimulate the production of toxins.
D. Undigested remains of food are removed.
12. Which products are formed by the action of the enzymes protease and amylase? D

 
13. The graph shows a correlation between the number of new cases of stomach cancer and
vegetable consumption for women in Poland.
What can be stated from the graph?
A. Vegetable consumption causes stomach cancer
B. 68 % of the data are gathered around the trend line
C. Causality cannot be stated from the graph alone
D. Only that the correlation is positive

Digestive system. Paper. 2. -------------/20

14. Researchers extracted an enzyme from the human digestive system and tested its activity at
different pH values on proteins extracted from the blood of cows. The results are shown in
the graph below.

(a) Deduce from where in the human digestive system this enzyme was extracted.
 From the stomach ........................................................................
(1)

(b) Outline the need for enzymes in the digestive system.

.............................................................................................................ezymes are
necessary for a keeping a healthy body and digestion, they help break down
food (large insoluble molecules) into small soluble molecules for the molecules
to diffuse into the blood.
(2)

(c) State one function of the large intestine.

Absorbing water and electrolytes .....

(1)

(d) Explain how the structure of the villus is adapted for absorption.

.....The villi are located in the small intestine they have microvilli they are shaped like
many small fingers and they allow more absorption of nutrients because they
increases the surface area and they also have a thin wall where diffusion can
happen faster and more efficiently.
(3)

15. (n) Outline one reason for humans being unable to digest cellulose.

(1) Humans cant digest cellulose because our body doesn’t have the needed enzymes to break it down.

16. [3 marks] Discuss the roles of the enzymes secreted by the pancreas during digestion.
The pancreas secretes enzymes amylase for digestion of carbohydrates and starch into
maltose and sucrose, lipase to break down fats into amino acids and glycerol and protease to
break down protein.
17. [8 marks]James Beard, a famous chef, once said “Food is our common ground, a universal
experience.”
Explain how the small intestine moves, digests and absorbs food.
Food enters the duodenum which is the first part of the small intestine. The small intestine moves
the food by contracting and relaxing its longitudinal muscles and circular muscles which then moves the
food down further along the gut with the mix of digestive juices and enzymes from the liver and
pancreas. Fats are emulsified by bile which helps lipids to fatty acid digestion. The insoluble molecules
that are proteins carbohydrates and lipids are broken down by enzymes that are secreted in the
pancreas into soluble molecules that are then making contact with the villi in the small intestine for
absorption and since villi have a large surface area more absorption of the molecules takes place by
either diffusion active transport or facilitated diffusion.
18. The micrograph is of a longitudinal section through the small intestine. Which letter
represents the circular muscle layer? (1)

[Source: Henry Gray (1918) Anatomy of the Human Body]

---------B