Index 1

문형과 문법 색인 <Patterns and Grammar Notes Index >

In this index, L17 means that the term of concept appears in Lesson 17. This index is arranged
according to the hangul alphabetical order, referring to the last element both with and without
the verbal modifiers (ㄴ/은/는/ㄹ/을), tenses (었/았), case markers (을/를), and the inserting
vowels. For example, ㄹ/을까 봐 is listed under -ㄹ/을까 봐 and -까 봐, and ㄴ/는/었/았단다 is
listed under -ㄴ/는/었/았단다, -었/았단다, and -단다. The English entries in the beginning of
the index are the grammar notes itmes that did not have Korean terms given, as for the charts
and some special terms.

Adverb with negative L20

Causative infixes 이, 히, 리, 기, 우, 구, and 추 L17
Causative verbs chart L17
Epenthetic ㅅ L14
Expressions for "any" or "every" L05
Helping verbs chart L14
Indirect speech endings chart L09
Intimate speech style L02
Mathematical terms L12
Nominalization L15
Non-polite speech style L02
Passive verbs chart L15
Question word -든지 L10
Reported speech L09 (See Indirect speech endings chart)
Verbs for involuntary action L19

-가다 "to do . . . and take" L02

-가요? "is it . . .?" L05
-가지고 "having done . . . ," "after doing . . ." L15
-감 "prospective (person noun)" L25
-같은 "like," "same as" L09
-거나 "either (do this) . . . or (do that) . . ." L03
-거든(요) "you know" L18
-거예요 "I think/expect it will . . ." L01

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-걸 그랬다 "should have . . ." L19
-걸리다 verb for involuntary action L19
-것 "one should/must (do)" L14
-것 같다 "it seems/appears . . . ," "it is/looks like . . ." L03
-것과는 달리 "unlike being," "different from that" L16
-것밖에 모르다 "to know nothing but -ing" L04
-것 없이 "without -ing . . ." L11
-것으로 유명하다 "is famous for _ing . . ." L10
-것이 아니라 "not . . . but," "it is not (the fact) that . . ." L08
-것처럼 "as," "as though," "as well as" L07
-게 "-ly" (adverb) L21
-게 되다 "it turns out that," "it happens that," "it becomes that" L13, L21
-게 마련이다 "it is expected," "it is only natural that . . ." L21, L23
-게요 "I/we will . . ." L02
-게 하다 "make (someone) do," "cause something to happen" L25
-게 하다/만들다 "to make (someone) do (something) L21
-겠 supposition, guess and intention L21
-겸 "while doing . . ." L18
-고 그래요 "it's said (so)," "it is called . . ." L08
-고 나서 "after doing . . . ," "having done . . ." L03
-고 말고요 "of course, . . . will be/do," "it goes without saying" L21
-고자 하다 "to try to," "to plan to," "would like to" L26
-곤 하다 "from time to time it does," "now and then" L16
-곤 했다 "used to" L16
-관한/관해서 "about," "on" L17
그대로 "as (it) is," "the way (it) is" L16
-그런지 "maybe because," "it could be because" L18
-기 nominalization L15
-기가 무섭게 "as soon as," "immediately (after)" L11
-기는 ... -지만 "it is true that . . . but" L18
-기는 하지만 "it is true . . . but," "although . . ." L18
-기는커녕 "far from doing . . . ." L25
-기도 하다 "it is also . . . ," L26
-기로 유명하다 "is famous for _ing . . ." L10

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-기로 하다 "to decide to" L04
-기를 바라다 "to wish," "to pray for," "to hope for" L22
-기 마련이다 "it is expected," "it is only natural that . . ." L23
-기만 하면 "whenever," "every time," "only if" L23
-기에(는) "as," "as for," L17
-기 위하여/위해서 "for," "for the sake of," "in order to" L09
-김에 "while one is at it/doing it," "since/because" L06
-까 봐 "(because) . . . afraid that," "in anticipation of" L12
-까요? "would it . . .?," "do you think it will . . . ?" L02
꼼짝 "a tiny bit (of motion)" L06
끼리 "among/by themselves" L24
-ㄴ/은가요? "is it . . . (adjective)?" L05
-ㄴ/은/는 것 "-ing," "to . . . ," "the fact that . . ." L02
-ㄴ/은/는 것 같다 "it seems/appears . . . ," "it is/looks as though . . ." L03
-ㄴ/은/는 것과는 달리 "unlike being," "different from that" L16
-ㄴ/은/는 것이 아니라 "not . . . but . . . ," "it is not (the fact) that . . ."
-ㄴ/은/는/ㄹ/을 것 없이 "without -ing . . ." L11
-ㄴ/은 것으로 유명하다 "is famous for -ing . . ." L10
-ㄴ/은/는 김에 "while (one is at it/doing it)," "since/because" L12
-ㄴ/는다면서요? "is it true that . . . ?," "is (what I heard) true?" L12
-ㄴ/는/었/았단다 "(I am telling you) . . . ," "(I say) . . ." L12
-ㄴ/은/는/ㄹ/을 대로 "as is," "as (someone) does/says" L16
-ㄴ/은/는 대신에 "in place of," "instead of," "but" L17
-ㄴ/은/는 덕택에/덕분에 "due to (your) generosity," "thanks to you" L20
-ㄴ/은/는 데다가 "in addition to," "not only . . . but also," "and also" L22
-ㄴ/은/는 모양이다 "it looks . . . ," "it seems . . . ," "it appears . . . ," L09
-ㄴ/은/는 셈이다 "it is (almost) as though," "I would say" L21
-ㄴ/은/는 순간 "the moment," "at the moment of" L11
-ㄴ/은 적이 없다 "there has never been," "to have never done" L11
-ㄴ/은 적이 있다 "there has been," "to have done" L11
-ㄴ/은/는/ㄹ/을 줄 "did not expect that," "did not know that" L25
몰랐다
-ㄴ/은/는/ㄹ/을 줄 "expected that," "knew that" L25
알았다
-ㄴ/은 채(로) "just as it is," "(while) doing," "being in the state of" L25

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-나 "either (this) . . . or (that) . . ." L03; "just," "nothing else but . . ."
L04
-나다 verb for involuntary action L19
-나 마나 "no use," "no point doing," "not worth doing" L19
-나 봐요 "I think it is," "It seems" L07
-나요? "is it . . . (action verb)?" L05
-나요 뭐 "what else," "you know" L18
내려가다 "to go down" L06
-냐고 한다 Indirect speech (question) L06
-냡니다 Indirect speech: formal short forms (question) L20
-냬요 Indirect speech (question) L09
-네요 Sentence ending L01
누구나 "everyone," L05
누구든지 "whoever" L10
-느니 (차라리) "(I) would rather," "it is better to . . ." L16
-느라고 "for doing . . . ," "(in order) to do . . ." L12
-는 것 "act of doing" L15
-는 것밖에 모르다 "to know nothing but -ing" L04
-는 것이 아니라 "not . . . but," "it is not (the fact) that . . ." L08
-는 것처럼 "as," "as though," "as well as" L07
-는 김에 "while one is at it," "while doing it," "since/because" L06
-는 대로 "as soon as" L16
-는 동안에 "while," "during," "when" L17
-는 둥 마는 둥 "hurriedly," "haphazardly," "barely," "hardly" L24
-는 만큼 "do as much as," "is enough to . . ." L09
-는 바람에 "as the result of," "because of" L16
-는 중에 "in the middle/midst of doing . . ." L08
-는 편이다 "to be kind of," "to be rather," "to be relatively" L06
-니까 "because," "since," "as," "for" L02
-다가 "while doing," "as (something) is going on" L21
-다고 한다 Indirect speech (statement) L05
-다면서요? "is it true that . . . ?," "is (what I heard) true?" L12
-다 보니 "while (doing/being)," "as . . . (is doing)," "as," "since" L20
-다시피 "as you (know, see, hear)" L23
-다지요? "isn't it . . . ?" L19

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-다 하더라도 "even if," "although," "no matter (what, who, and so on.) L24
-단다 "(I am telling you) . . . ," "(I say) . . ." L12
-달리 "being unlike," "different from that" L16
-답니다 Indirect speech: formal short form (statement) L20
-대다 "to keep on doing," "to do repeatedly" L13
-대로 "as is," "as (someone) does/says" L16
-대신 "instead of," "as a replacement" L17
-대요 Indirect speech (statement) L09
-더니 "and then," "since," "but" L18
-더라 "I'd say . . . ," "(I remember) something . . ." L10
-덕택에 or 덕분에 "thanks to (you) . . ." L20
-던 참에 "in the middle of doing" L22
-던 참이다/차이다 "(I am) in the middle of doing/being . . ." L22
-데다가 "in addition to," "not only . . . but also," "and also" L22
-데리고 가다 "to take (someone) along" L10
-데리고 오다 "to bring (someone)" L10
-도 "even if," "although," "even though" L04
-도 돼요? "is it all right if/to . . . ?," "is it okay if/to . . . ?" L03
-도록 하다 "to try to make," "to have someone do" L21
-동안 "while," "during," "when" L17
-되다 intransitive/passive L24
-두다 helping verb L13
-둥 마는 둥 하고 "hurriedly," "haphazardly," "barely," "hardly" L24
-든지 "whover/whatever/whenever/wherever . . ." L10
-들 use of plural marker L14
-들다 verb for involuntary action L19
따르면 "according to," "on the basis of" L24
때마다 "whenever," "every time" L15
때면 "when," "whenever," "by the time" L25
-ㄹ/을 거예요. "I think/expect it will . . ." L01
-ㄹ/을 걸 그랬다 "should have . . ." L19
-ㄹ/을 것 "one should/must (do)" L14
-ㄹ/을 것 "-ing," "to . . . ," "the fact that . . ." L02
-ㄹ/을 것 같다 "it seems/appears . . . ," "it is/looks like . . ." L03

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-ㄹ/을 것 없이 "without -ing . . ." L11
-ㄹ/을게요 "I/we will . . ." L02
-ㄹ/을 겸 "while doing . . ." L18
-ㄹ/을까 봐 "(because) . . . afraid that," "in anticipation of" L12
-ㄹ/을까 하다가 "considered doing . . . but . . . ," "was going to . . . then . . ." L22
-ㄹ/을까요? "would it . . . ?," "do you think it will . . . ?" L02
-ㄹ/을 대로 "as is," "as (someone) does/says" L16
-ㄹ/을 때마다 "whenever," "every time" L15
-ㄹ/을 때면 "when," "whenever," "by the time" L25
-ㄹ/을래요 "I will . . . " L03
-ㄹ/을래요? "will you . . . ?" "are you . . . ?" L03
-ㄹ/을 만하다 "it is worth doing," " it is doable," "to be deserving" L14
-ㄹ/을 모양이다 "it looks . . . ," "it seems . . . ," "it appears . . . ," L09
-ㄹ/을 뻔하다 "almost," "nearly," "a close call" L05
-ㄹ/을 뿐만 아니라 "not only . . . (but) also," "as well as" L13
-ㄹ/을 셈이다 "(one) plans to," "(one) intends to" L21
-ㄹ/을 수록 "the more one does . . . the more . . ." L09
-ㄹ/을 수밖에 없다 "there is no way/choice but to . . . ," "have to" L22
-ㄹ/을 정도로 "(so) . . . to the extent that," "(so) . . . to the point that" L20
-ㄹ/을 줄 몰랐다 "did not expect that," "did not know that" L25
-ㄹ/을 줄 알다 "to know," "to know how" L15
-ㄹ/을 줄 알았다 "expected that," "knew that" L25
-ㄹ/을 지경이다 "to/at the point of . . . ," "almost," "nearly" L19
-라고 한다 Indirect speech (statement) L05
-라는 "(so) called . . . ," "known as . . ." L10
-라면 누구/무엇이나 "if . . . is, then whoever/whatever . . ." L07
-라면서요? "is it true that . . . ?," "is (what I heard) true?" L12
-라서 "as . . . being," "since it is," "because it is" L01
-랍니다 Indirect speech: formal short form (statement) L20
-랑 "and," "with" L14
-래요 "I will . . . " "will you . . . ?" L03; Indirect speech: (statement) L09
-려고 하다 "to intend to," "to plan to," "going to" L01
-로서 "as," "for," "being (in the position of)" L11
-로 유명하다 "is famous for" L10

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-ㅁ/음 nominalization L15
-ㅁ/음 없이 "without -ing . . ." L11
마련이다 "it is expected," "it is only natural that . . ." L23
마찬가지 "same thing," "similar thing" L20
-만큼 "(almost) as much as," "as well as" L09
-만하다 "it is worth doing," " it is doable," "to be deserving" L14
-말이에요 "do you mean . . . ?," "I mean" L16
-면 -ㄹ/을수록 "the more one does . . ., the more . . ." (emphasis) L09
-면 어때요? "How about. . . ?" L08
-모양이다 "it looks . . . ," "it seems . . . ," "it appears . . . ," L09
-못지 않게 "as good/well as," "(even) better/more than" L15
무엇이나 "everything" L05
무엇이든지 "whatever" L10
-뭐 "what else," "you know" L18
-므로 "because," "as," "for," "since," "for being..." L06
-바람에 "as the result of," "because of" L16
-밖에 모르다 "to know/care about only," "to know nothing but" L04
-버리다 helping verb L14
-보니 "while (doing/being)," "as . . . (is doing)," "as," "since" L20
-봐야지요 "should (try) . . . ," "must (try) . . . and . . ." L07
-봐요 "I think it is," "it seems" L07
-봤자/보았자 "even if (I try) doing . . . ," "even if (something) is..." L19
-비롯하여 "including" "beginning with" L26
-비해(서) . . . (편이다) "compare with . . ., (it is on the side of) . . ." L23
-빼고 "without" L12
-뻔하다 "almost," "nearly," "a close call" L05
-뿐만 아니라 -도 "not only N. (but) also N. . . ." L13
사잇 시옷 "-'s," "of" L14
-셈이다 "it is as though," "I would say," "(one) plans to," "(one) intends to"
L21
-셔 or -세요 "This is . . . (HON.)" L05
-수록 "the more one does . . ., the more . . ." (emphasis) L09
-수 밖에 없다 "there is no way/choice but to . . . ," "have to" L22
-순간 "the moment," "at the moment of" L11
-시키다 "to make (someone) do . . . ," "to order" L22

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-아니라 "(it is) not . . . (but)" L08
-아닐 수 없다 "it cannot be anything but," "it is such a . . ." L26
아무 -이나 "any/every . . ." L05
-야 하다/되다 "must," "have to," "should" L01
어디나 "everywhere," "anywhere" L05
어디든지 "wherever" L10
어떻게 되지요? "How is . . . ?," "What is . . . ?" L23
어떻게 됩니까 "How is . . . ?," "What is . . . ?" L23
-어/아 가다 "to do . . . and take," "to progress/go . . . (ADV.)" L17
-어/아 가지고 "having done . . . ," "after doing . . ." L15
-어/아 대다 "to keep on doing," "to do repeatedly" L13
-어/아도 "even if," "although," "even though" L04
-어/아도 돼요? "is it all right if/to . . . ?," "is it okay if/to . . . ?" L03
-어/아 두다 helping verb L13
-어/아 버리다 helping verb L14
-어/아 봐야지요 "should (try) . . . ," "must (try) . . . and . . ." L07
-어/아 봤자 "even if (I try) doing . . . ," "even if (something) is . . ." L19
-어/아서 그런지 "maybe because," "it could be because" L18
-어/아야 되다 "must," "have to," "should" L01
-어/아야 하다 "must," "have to," "should" L01
-어/아 오다 "to do . . . and bring" L17
-어/아 있다 "to be in the state/place of," "to be still . . ." L12
-어/아져 있다 "being in (changed state or position of)" L26
-어/아지다 "is becoming . . . ," "is turning . . ." L05
-어/아하다 "to feel . . ." L08
언제나 "any time" L05
언제든지 "whenever" L10
얼마나 . . . 었/았던지 "it was such (ADV.) A.V. that . . ." L04
얼마나 . . . 었/았던지 "it was so D.V. that . . ." L04
얼마나 . . . ㄴ/은지 "it is so D.V. that . . ." L04
얼마나 . . . 는지 "it is such (ADV.) A.V. that . . ." L04
-없이 "without (something)" L11
-었/았다가 "while/when," "and then" L21
-었/았단다 "(I am telling you) . . . ," "(I say) . . ." L12

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-었/았더니 "since," "because," "so," "as," "when" L18
-었/았던 "used to do" "was doing . . ." L13
-었/았었다 "it has/had been," "it has/had had" (double past) L20
-었/았잖아요 "right?," "didn't (it)?" L10
-에 관한 "about," "on" L17
-에 관해서 "about," "concerning" L17
-에 따르면 "according to," "on the basis of" L24
-에 비해(서) . . . (편이다) "compare with . . . (it is on the side of) . . ." L23
-에 의해서 "by," "in accordance with" L26
-에 익다 "to be familiar with" L24
-오다 "to do . . . and bring" L17
올라가다 "to go up" L06
-와/과는 달리 "being unlike," "different from that" L16
-위해서/위하여 "for," "for the benefit of" L09
유명하다 "is famous for" L10
-으나 마나 "no use," "no point doing," "not worth doing" L19
-으니까 "because," "since," "as," "for" L02
-으라고 한다 Indirect speech (command) L06
-으랍니다 Indirect speech: formal short form (commnad) L20
-으래요 Indirect speech (command) L09
-으려고 하다 "to intend to," "to plan to," "going to" L01
-으로 유명하다 "is famous for" L10
-으로서 "as," "for," "being (in the position of)" L11
-으면 -ㄹ/을수록 "the more one does . . . ," "the more . . . " (emphasis) L09
-으면 어때요? "How about . . ." L08
-으므로 "because," "as," "for," "since," "for being . . ." L06
-은가 봐요 "I think it is," "It seems" L07
-은 것이 아니라 "it is not (the fact) that . . .," "not . . . but" L08
-은 것처럼 "as," "as though," "as well as" L07
-은 김에 "while one is at it," "while doing it," "since/because" L06
-은 만큼 "do as much as," "is enough to . . ." L09
-은 지가 "it's been . . . since . . ." L08
-은/는 커녕 . . . 도 "not even . . ., let alone" L25
-은 편이다 "to be kind of," "to be rather," "to be relatively" L06

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-을 만큼 "do as much as," "is enough to . . ." L09
-을/를 special use of -을/를 L01
-을/를 데려다가 "after bringing" L10
-을/를 데리고 "bringing/taking with" L10
-을/를 비롯하여 "including" "beginning with" L26
-을/를 빼고 "without" L12
-을/를 시키다 "to make (someone) do . . . ," "to order" L22
-을텐데요 "I imagine," "I would think," "it must be" L07
-을/를 통하여(서) "by way of," "through" L23
-의해서 "by," "in accordance with" L26
-이 아니라 "it is not N. but . . . ," "not N. but. . . ." L08
-이 아닐 수 없다 "it cannot be anything but," "it is such a . . ." L26
-이 익다 "to be familiar with" L24
-이, 히, 리, 기 passive verbs L15
-이, 히, 리, 기, 우, 추 causative suffixes L17
-이/가 special use of -이/가 L01
-이/가 아니라 "it is not N. but . . . ," "not N. but . . . " L08
-이/가 없이 "without (something/someone)" L11
-이기는 하지만 "it is true that . . . but" L18
-이나 "either (this) . . . or (that) . . ." L03; "just," "nothing else but . . ."
L04
-이든지 "whoever/whatever/whenever/wherever . . ." L10
-이라고 한다 Indirect speech (statement) L05
-이라는 "(so) called . . . ," "known as . . ." L10
-이라면 누구나 "if . . . is, then whoever . . ." L07
-이라면 무엇이나 "if . . . is, then whatever . . ." L07
-이라면서요? "is it true that . . . ?," "is (what I heard) true?" L12
-이라서 "as . . . being," "since it is," "because it is" L01
-이랑 "and," "with" L14
-이래요 Indirect speech (statement) L09
-이므로 "because it is . . ." L06
-이셔 or 이세요 "This is . . . (HON.)" L05
-이었잖아요 "wasn't it?" L10
-이었던 "used to be" L13
-이잖아요 "isn't it?" L10

10
http://www.language.berkeley.edu/korean/10/index_pattern_grammar/index.htm
익다 "to be familiar with" L24
-인가요? "is it . . . ?" L05
-일텐데요 "I imagine," "I would think," "it must be" L07
-있다 "to be in the state/place of," "to be still . . ." L12
-자 "as," "soon after" L04
-자고 한다 Indirect speech ("let's") L06
-자마자 . . . "as soon as" L04
-잖아요 "right?," "doesn't it?" L10
-잡니다 Indirect speech: formal short forms ("let's") L20
-재요 Indirect speech "(let's)" L09
-적으로 adverbs L07
-적이 있다/없다 "there has/has never been," "to have/have never done" L11
-정도로 "(so) . . . to the extent that," "(so) . . . to point that" L20
-져 있다 "being in (changed state or position of)" L26
-줄 몰랐다 "did not expect that," "did not know that" L25
-줄 알다 "to know," "to know how" L15
-줄 알았다 "expected that," "knew that" L25
-중에 "among," "in the midst of . . ." L08
-지가 "it's been . . . since . . ." L08
-지경이다 "to/at the point of . . . ," "almost," "nearly" L19
-지다 "is becoming . . . ," "is turning . . ." L05
-지 모르다 "not to know if/whether" L02
-지 않을 수 없다 "could not help but," "there is no way but" L11
-지 알다 "to know if/whether" L02
-지요/나요 뭐 "what else," "you know" L18
참에 "in the middle of doing" L22
참이다/차이다 "(I am) in the middle of doing/being . . ." L22
-채로 "just as it is," "(while) doing," "being in the state of" L25
-처럼 "like" L07
첫- "first," "beginning" L03
-커녕 "far from doing . . . ," "not even...," "let alone" L25
-텐데요 "I imagine," "I would think," "it must be" L07
-통하여(서) "by way of," "through" L23
-편이다 "to be kind of," "to be rather," "to be relatively" L06

11
http://www.language.berkeley.edu/korean/10/index_pattern_grammar/index.htm
-하다 "to feel . . ." L08; transitive action verb L24
하더라도 "even if," "although," "no matter (what, who, and so on.) L24
하마터면 -ㄹ/을 뻔하다 "almost," "nearly," "a close call" L05
-할 수 없다 "can't help it," "can't do" L13
-할 수 없이 "having no choice," "without an alternative" L13

12
http://www.language.berkeley.edu/korean/10/index_pattern_grammar/index.htm