HAKIM NASIR KHUSROW BALKHI LIBRARY

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

A project report submitted in the

partial fulfillment for the degree of
Bachelor in Computer Science

Jamaluddin Fanoos

Supervisor

Mr.Amjad Khan

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
KARDAN UNIVERSITY KABUL AFGHANISTAN
August, 2019

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 HAKIM NASIR KHUSROW BALKHI LIBRARY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

A project report submitted in the

partial fulfillment for the degree of
Bachelor in Computer Science

Jamaluddin Fanoos

Supervisor

Mr.Amjad Khan

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
KARDAN UNIVERSITY KABUL AFGHANISTAN
August, 2019

PROJECT APPROVAL
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 The undersigned certified that they have read the following project
report title” Hakim Nasir Khusrow Balkhi Library Management
system” and are satisfied from the overall performance and
recommend the report to the department of computer science for
acceptance

Mr.Amjad Khan
Main Supervisor Signature: ___________________

Mr.Zabiullah Atal
Assistant Professor/Lecturer Signature: ___________________

Mr.Farukh Sair
Assistant Professor/Lecturer
Signature: ___________________

Mr.Amjad Khan
Academic Administrator Signature: ___________________

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 Department of Computer Science

Kardan University Afghanistan

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 DECLARATION

Signature : ____________________________

Name : JAMALUDDIN FANOOS

Registration No : 202-1304048

Date : AUGUST 2019

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 DEDICATION

To my beloved parents and family

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God “Allah” the alimighty, for his showers of
blessing throughout in completion of this project.

Special thanks to my supervisor Mr. Amjad Khan, Academic Administrator who always
educated and fed me with drops of science from his ocean of Sciences.
I am extremely grateful to my Family for their love, prayers, caring and sacrifices for educating
and preparing me for my future, without their support, I would not be standing where I am.
Despite so many challenges, they were always there to lend me all the support that I needed.
I also would like to extend my warm appreciation to all teachers for their good direction and
support, Finally, I say thank you to all my friends for their love and kindness towards me, and I
duly appreciate you all.

JAMALUDDIN FANOOS

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

HAKIM NASIR KHUSROW BALKHI LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.............................................I

HAKIM NASIR KHUSROW BALKHI LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ...........................................I
PROJECT APPROVAL............................................................................................................................................. II
DECLARATION....................................................................................................................................................... IV
DEDICATION............................................................................................................................................................ V
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................................................................... VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................................... VII
CHAPTER NO 1........................................................................................................................................................ 1
1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................. 1
2 ABOUT HAKIM NASER KHOSROW BALKHI CULTURAL CENTER.............................................1
3 INITIAL GOALS OF THE CENTER:.......................................................................................................... 2
4 PROBLEM OF MANUAL SYSTEM............................................................................................................ 2
5 POOR DATA STORAGE................................................................................................................................ 3
6 POSSIBILITY OF DATA DUPLICATION................................................................................................. 3
7 TIME CONSUMING........................................................................................................................................ 3
8 LACK OF SECURITY...................................................................................................................................... 3
9 INEFFICIENCY................................................................................................................................................ 3
10 PROPOSED SYSTEM..................................................................................................................................... 3
11 FACILITIES TO THE ADMINISTRATOR................................................................................................ 3
12 FACILITIES TO THE LIBRARIAN............................................................................................................. 4
13 CHAPTER-2...................................................................................................................................................... 5
14 LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................................ 5
15 CHAPTER-3............................................................................................................................................... 11
16 METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................................................... 11
17 QUESTIONNAIRES............................................................................................................................... 11
18 ADVANTAGE OF QUESTIONNAIRES............................................................................................ 11
19 DISADVANTAGE OF QUESTIONNAIRES...................................................................................... 11
20 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS...................................................................................................................... 11
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 21 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM..................................................................................................................... 12
22 DFD SYMBOL......................................................................................................................................... 12
23 PROCESS NOTATIONS....................................................................................................................... 12
24 DATA STORE NOTATIONS................................................................................................................ 12
25 DATAFLOW NOTATIONS................................................................................................................... 13
26 EXTERNAL ENTITY NOTATIONS.................................................................................................... 13
27 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM LEVEL.............................................................................................................. 13
28 LEVEL 0 DFD.......................................................................................................................................... 13
29 LEVEL 1 DFD........................................................................................................................................... 14
30 ATTRIBUTES................................................................................................................................................ 15
31 PRIMARY KEY......................................................................................................................................... 15
32 ALTERNATE KEY.................................................................................................................................. 15
33 FOREIGN KEY........................................................................................................................................ 15
34 NORMALIZATION....................................................................................................................................... 15
35 FIRST NORMAL FORM (1NF)......................................................................................................... 15
36 SECOND NORMAL FORM (2NF)................................................................................................... 15
37 THIRD NORMAL FORM (3NF)...................................................................................................... 15
38 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM..................................................................................................... 15
39 RELATIONSHIP.................................................................................................................................... 15
40 ONE TO ONE RELATIONSHIP........................................................................................................ 15
41 ONE TO MANY RELATIONSHIP..................................................................................................... 15
42 MANY TOO MANY............................................................................................................................... 15
43 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM...........................16ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
ENTITY RELATIONSHIP.................................................................................................................................... 16
44 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP MODEL.......................................................................................................... 17
45 MICROSOFT SQL SERVER....................................................................................................................... 18
46 SQL LANGUAGE:.......................................................................................................................................... 18
47 C SHARP LANGUAGE................................................................................................................................. 18
48 MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO................................................................................................................. 18
49 DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT......................................................................................................... 18

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 50 HARDWARE.............................................................................................................................................. 19
51 SOFTWARE TOOLS................................................................................................................................ 19

52 CHAPTER-4.............................................................................................................................................. 20

53 DATA DICTIONARY............................................................................................................................ 20

54 CHAPTER-5.............................................................................................................................................. 24

55 IMPLEMENTATION................................................................................................................................... 24
56 DIRECT CUTOVER................................................................................................................................. 24
57 BIG BANG.................................................................................................................................................. 24
58 EMERGENT CHANGE........................................................................................................................... 24
59 PHASED..................................................................................................................................................... 24
60 PARALLEL RUN...................................................................................................................................... 24
61 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................ 28

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 CHAPTER NO 1

Introduction

Information Technology has revolutionized the life of human beings’ and has made the lives
easier by the various kinds of applications. In the light of the rapid changes with the use of IT,
there are many tools, technologies and systems have been produced and invented. In the modern
world, time is short so if there are many processes taken place at same time within a place there
is a need for integration of all the processes, creation of paper less environment also ensures
efficient task management. Nowadays all the businesses are shifting to computer based system.
The purpose to having a computer based system is, it helps to increase the market share and it’s
very easy for customers to use. It is increasing the demand among the customer. Library is the
center of reference, books, periodicals, computers, internet services and other media
It is a collection of such materials, especially.

A library management system is made to have fast process transaction for searching book titles,
borrowing books, returning books, computing penalties and generating and accurate report.
Library is an important part of the academic sector as well as some professional sectors too like,
the efficiency of a library lies on how the books are arranged and how easily one can get the
books of their choice.
. Library forms a vital parts of the world’s methods of communication and education. People in
all walks of life, use library resources in their work, including students, teachers, scientists,
scholars, and government officials.

Library System is the one who is responsible in managing all the transactions in a library. A
library system can be in manual terms, which is the typical kind of library system. Manual
library system is performed by manual means such as manual recording of borrowed books and
returned books and etc. This kind of library system is susceptible to many problems such as time
consuming process and prone to errors. Due to improving technology today, the typical library
system is replaced by a much better one which is the computerized library system. As its name
suggests, computerized library system is a library system which is aided by a computer system.

About Hakim Naser Khosrow Balkhi Cultural Center

Hakim Nasser Khosrow Balkhi's Cultural Center was founded in Kabul in 2002 due to the
motivation and interest of al-Haj Seyyed Mansur Najdari, a philosopher of philanthropy and
cultural affairs. At its first conference, the charter was approved in three chapters and twenty two
articles. Based on Articles 17 and 18 of the Code of Conduct, the Leadership Board (Chief,

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 Deputy Secretary and Secretary) and active members of the Center formed the following
composition:
Al-Haj Seyyed Mansour Naderi 2. Akademismen Pohand Dr. Abdul-Ahmad Javid 3-
Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Mojahedin-e Mir Hossein Shah 4- Academician
of the Academy Akram Osman 5- Abdolhossein Tawfiq 6. Reza Mileh Heravi 7. Rahnavard
Zaryab 8. Latif Nazemi 9. Vasef Bakhtiari 10 - Mohammad Yousef Kohzad 11 - Abdollah
Neyabi 12 - Mohammad Mehdi Nosrat Heroi
The opening and reopening of the book of the Hakim Nasser Khosrow Balkhi Cultural Center's
homepage in the amount of thirty-five thousand books in various fields of science, equipped with
appliances (electronic and internet);
Conducting new librarianship training courses; in several courses for bookkeeping and
professional librarians;
Creating a working system with new principles and values, subject to the transformation of the
focus; towards a culturally-social methodological institution;
Opening the doors of the center on the cultural-social program and launching scientific, literary
seminaries, poetry nights, celebrating of the historical and ideological days, the commemorative
circles of the place and character of the cultivators in the field of science and literature of the
country;
Promotion of academic and scientific discourse, away from the space of political conquest;

Initial goals of the center:

Serving in the field of scientific, cultural, literary, artistic and social legislation, free of all kinds
of extremist divisions;
Strengthening literary and cultural sectors and removing obstacles to their expansion;
To support and promote cultural and cultural programs in accordance with the needs of the
Afghan community;
Provide realistic scientific and cultural information for the cultural sector and publish scientific
and cultural reports;
Supporting the culture and participation of all sectors of society in the reconstruction of culture
and art;
To print and reproduce all the works of Hakim Nasser Khosrow, who publishes treatises on the
thoughts and thoughts of Hakim Naser Khosrow Balkhi, by scholars and writers, and is
considered to be printable by the Board of Directors;
To design and establish a research center for Nasser Khosravi by the center;
Launching literary conferences every year and awarding high prizes to poets, stories, scholars
and other important cultural and artistic works;
To establish cultural centers in other provinces, especially the establishment of public libraries in
the center and provinces of the country
The cultural center of Hakim Naser Khosrow Balkhi does not suffice for the mentioned
activities, and from time to time, he seeks to hold scientific, cultural, and social and ... programs
and asks the lovers of these fields for cooperation and assistance.

Problem of Manual system

Hakim Nasir Khusrow Balkhi library systems are operated manually by group of people. In such
situations many people involved in the process of managing the library such a way that to keep

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 records regarding the books & students (borrowers), check the books manually, keep records on
issued books etc. all these things have to be carried out manually and if the library is large in
content handling is also a problem. On the other hand keeping large amount of maintenance
workers may cost a lot and it will not be efficient for a library. Manual record keeping is also not
a reliable method as people tend to forget things. On the borrower’s point of view, in manual
system borrower can’t find a book exactly at once as they are not ordered well. Sometimes user
might be searching for a book that is not available in the library in such situations people get
annoyed or depressed. Therefore there should be a reliable way to manage the library system for
easy search of book and record keeping I will develop and effective library management system
Information about issue and return of the books are not properly maintained
No central database can be created as information is not available in database
Tracking of book is difficult
Fast report generation is not possible

Poor Data storage

All the data is stored in filing cabinets data could be misplaced due to human error data could be
stolen very easily.

Possibility of Data Duplication

As there's no repetition check like in computer software's that can record data or check the
records of workers, members and books transaction.

Time consuming
In a manual library system if you are not able to find a book of your choice you have to spend a
lot of time and effort in trying to find a particular book.

Lack of security
In manual library system we are not able to keep the record secure if manual record book is lot
data will be completely lost.

Inefficiency
With the manual library system it's difficult to for the librarian to find the book by title name and
author easily

Proposed system
To solve the above mentioned problem we have developed library management system to
identify the main features that involved in the system. In this scenario.
There are two types of users; they are administrator, librarian. All these users should be able to
login to the system with separate logins. New users can be registered only under administrative
concern. A database is there to store the user details & book details. This information can be
retrieved by the users as per their privilege. Anyone can search the system using given
specifications & the availability of the books are updated by the librarian immediately. So there
won’t be unavailability problem regarding the searching criteria. The system will provide the
following facilities to its different users.

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 Facilities to the Administrator
a. Maintain book information
b. Search for a book by title, name and author
c. add/delete books
d. Maintain database
e. View user details
f. Maintain user details

Facilities to the Librarian
a. Issue books
b. Return books
c. Add/delete books
d. Reserve books all these activities should be carried out by the system & the interfaces
should be user friendly for the new users.
e. The administrator to modify the site contents

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 Chapter-2

Literature Review

Luce [ CITATION Luc96 \l 1033 ] Mentioned three concerns relative to the impact of the digital
library, Supplier-center solutions, with each new system requiring its own interface that it is
becoming harder for the librarian to, integrate information which the library does not manage,
finally Luce cautioned about the statistical usage data collected by computer there is a serious
potential for misuse of this data, the designer of a successful marketing plan for libraries must
identify the real values of the organization and client relation is where the library fits best and
work to ensure that the library actually accomplishes what the plan requires.
Predication of the library's demise coincide with an increase in the use of libraries. It is important
to acknowledge that librarians have always had two overriding imperatives: knowledge of the
users they serve, and knowledge of recorded knowledge domain. In the expanding knowledge
universe, the librarian and information user can be thought of as pioneers exploring new
knowledge frontiers
Richard mentioned about the summary of this digital library is to developing integrative
information technologies with broad access capabilities to provide virtual library services to its
customer.
UK Essays [ CITATION Ess18 \l 1033 ] stated that Library management system (LMS) is a tool
to help any libraries which are still using the old way to manage their library. The old way like
searching for a book using manual work is bother you, fast report generation is not possible,
information about issue/return of the books are not properly maintained, no can overcome all the
problems mentioned above. This system can manage all the happenings of the library. Book
transaction including book searching, availability of the book, details and appearance of the
book, Personal book borrowing history and etc. can be very easily handled by this system this
system is suitable for small to big libraries including medical and legal libraries, colleges
schools, universities, corporate houses and other academic resource center. However, I would
like to focus on LMS for Public Library.
LMS has two modules which are, Staff Module , and Administration Module first of all Staff
Module can issue book and receive book Staff also can fine for books received after due date
lastly, administration module help administrator to register reassign shelf and category change
status, issue library car, configuration to register user.

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 Study Moss [ CITATION Lib16 \l 1033 ] stated that library management information system can
also be called a library management system or integrated library system it is a system that makes
use of information technology to carry out the managerial objective. The main goal of a library
management information system is to store organize, share and retrieve vital information need to
carry out daily operational function of the library
West end University College (WEUC Library) changed his old manually system to new library
management system. In the new system more work can be done in lees time and also decreases
operational cost it minimize paper work and manual tasks, LMS loyalty and satisfaction as it
provided fast and reliable library services, an excellent library information system is simple, easy
to use and does not require in depth IT Knowledge to manipulate or navigate through the system
this system is easy to install and to maintain library today face the challenge of remaining
relevant to user because of technological.
Alikira Richard[ CITATION Ali12 \l 1033 ] Mentioned According to Stephen, Maeve & Philips
(2007), library is a large collection of books, and can refer to the place in which the collection is
housed, today, the term can refer to any collection, including digital sources, resource, and
services the collection can be of print, private libraries, can be in digital form, stored on
computers or accessible over the internet. The term has acquired a secondary meaning.
According to Burke (2007) Manual library management system, Operating system are vulnerable
to human error. For instance, a librarian who misfile a borrower's records or indexes a book
incorrectly slows down the process and wastes student's time. Manual system are also slow to
operate. Instead of using a computer to issue and take back book, Manual system are unable to
store large amounts of data efficiently. With manual systems librarian spend a lot of their time on
mechanical, clerical ask rather liaising with library visitors
Matthew Academy [ CITATION Aad16 \l 1033 ] Stated that establishments of library
management system is necessary. We are already in the phase wherein a lot of technological
advance are taking place which makes the proposal very suitable through the implementation of
the said system, better results and improvement will take place and it will mainly contribute to
the progress of the establishment. The user are the people for whom the system is being built for.
Therefore the library management system will help satisfy the requirement of the user. This
library management system is appropriate to fulfill the ever changing need of user if the future
researchers will find the system appealing, they can come up with new ideas and enhance the
system for a more useful and efficient system which can be used for larger libraries. Objectives
of the study in general, the study aims to provide a better system for the SMAC library that
would help the librarians to make their work easier. The system is created to replace the manual
lending, returning of book. Specifically it aims is to plan for a system that will lessen all paper
works and manual procedures to make transaction fast accurate and accessible.
To analyze the function and performance of the library management system, understand the
user's need for the system to design a user friendly system that is secured and protected that will
help the user understand the function and flow of the system, to implement a system that will
help librarians to keep all the records and transaction manageable.
Mr. S.Bala Krishnan & Mr. S.Bala Krishnan [ CITATION Kri17 \l 1033 ] mentioned that RFID
base system are going to revolutionize the entire library automation system. In this system we are
going to develop library automation system, which will track the books, whether they are in
library, so that library user will get the instant information RFID can be used library circulation
operation and theft detection system. RFID-base system move beyond security to become
tracking system that combine security with this technology helps librarians reduce valuable staff
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 time spend scanning barcodes while charging and discharging items. RFID is a combination of
radio-Frequency technology and microchip technology. The information contained on
microchips in the tags affixed to library materials is read using radio frequency technology,
regardless of item orientation or alignment Krishnan mentioned that RFID (Radio Frequency
Identification) will allows an item, for example a library book, to be tracked and communicated
with by radio waves. This technology is similarin concept to a cell phone. RFID is a broad term
for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects.
Anastasis C. Polycarpou, Theodoros Samaras Year 2014 an intelligent library management
system (LMS) base on radio frequency identification (RFID) was built as a pilot project for the
university library. A graphical user interface (GUI) was carefully designed to support all
necessary library functionalities and user need
Jose A (1997) [ CITATION AJo97 \l 1033 ] stated that describes the usefulness of library
management system the fully integrated multi-user library automation system by library
management system corporation, India and designed to run on a wide spectrum of hardware and
software platforms in his study summarize its advantage of the software simplicity in use; wide
user base; regional applicability; networking capabilities; local support; and the presence of
continuing research to produce search capabilities in improved version.it defines learning
management system list its features and discusses the challenges of integration and finally
describes the modules of an LMS this software consists of all features regarded as the brain of
any package; LMS support the general requirement of the library like acquisition, cataloguing
and circulation.
Fatima Jinnah [ CITATION Jin09 \l 1033 ] Mentioned that Women University, the mall,
Rawalpindi they discusses briefly the automated library management system, which is designed
to provide a systematic system for those libraries where there is still old; paper and card system.
The intuition for this system was the observations done in the libraries which had the old car and
paper system. By considering the students' opinions regarding the difficulties they face in order
to search a book from their respective institutions libraries, as it takes plenty of time to do so.
Also for their librarians, as it takes them a lot of time to properly manage the book, along with
their details. So there was system required which could replace the old paper and card system
and could ease the student or anyone who want to search for a book from their nearby library.
Most importantly a database, with this library management system librarians will be able to
monitor and manage library's inventory more efficiently and will be able to perform all of the
main library operation.
Israt Jahan [ CITATION Isr12 \l 1033 ] Mentioned LMS usually comprises a relational database,
software to interact with that database, and two graphical user interface (one for patrons, one for
staff) Most LMS separate software function into discrete program called modules, each of them
integrated with a unified interface. Prior to computerization, library task were performed
manually and independently from one another. Selectors ordered materials with ordering slips,
cataloguers manually catalogued item and indexed them with the card catalog system (in which
all bibliographic data was kept on a single index car) and user signed books out manually,
indicating their name on cue cards which were then kept at the circulation desk early
Mechanization came in 1936 when the university of Texas began using a punch car system to
manage library.
Only basic knowledge of computer is required for operation of library management system. As it
has user friendly application interface.

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 John W (1991) [CITATION Rob91 \l 1033 ] Stated that the library computerization is term often
used in discussing the use of computer and related equipment to help libraries handle and
manage the physical materials that comprises library collection computer based library
circulation system has resulted in dramatic changes in practice and procedures in the circulation
section and its difficult that you can manage you library without integrated library management
system by using Integrated library management system you can well manage you library save
you time easy to search and you have GUI graphic user inter face Also for their librarians, as it
takes them a lot of time to properly manage the book, along with their details. So there was
system required which could replace the old paper and card system and could ease the student or
anyone who want to search for a book from their nearby library.
Robert Mentioned[ CITATION Rob93 \l 1033 ] (1993) Manual library management system is
helpless to human error librarian who miss track a borrower records or indexes a book
incorrectly show down the process and waste the time manual system are also slow to operate
manual system are unable to store large amount of data efficiently with manual system librarian
spend a lot of their time on mechanical clerical ask rather liaising with library visitor by using
computer base acquisition procedures which have been developed at the library provide more
effective control over fund accounting and maintenance of outstanding order file the system
illustrates and economical, yet flexible approach to automated acquisition produces in an
academic library
Academia [ CITATION Aca00 \l 1033 ] stated that the application program developed in this
research essentially monitors and keep records of the individual book movement gather with
operation going on in various section of library particularly concerned with book control. These
operations include book lending returning of the borrowed books, reservation of books
acquisition processes registration of users and other related activities in library management
system this system is designed to better way of avoiding loss of books in the library and solve the
problem of delay in location books assist the librarian to carry out library operation more
effectively to eliminate manual operation in the library which achieve high efficiency in the
library services this system will help to tracks of the books in the library system the researcher
concentrated on the operation going on in the acquisition cataloging and most especially
circulation section in the library.
Stephen Maeve & Philips [ CITATION Ric12 \l 1033 ]Mentioned that According to Stephen
Maeve & Philips (2007) a library is a large collection of book and can refer to the place in which
the collection is housed manual library management system operating system are vulnerable to
human error and he is suggested the new technology which is called Electronic library
management system this system asserted that key requirements are manpower, technical support
and organization and management with the help of electronic library management system we are
able to to keep track of available book and keep track of library user and also it easy for the
librarian to track those who have borrowed books have not returned them and it's easy for
librarian to advanced search by using the author name or book title
David in 1996 mentioned that [ CITATION Dav96 \l 1033 ]The integrated process of a
computerized library system can keeps the track of all the books and periodicals and keeping the
status update apparently, there are user ID's and associated password to make an access in the
system this will keep all the information regarding the materials update and monitored the use of
the computerized library system is a kind of technology that is popular in the developed
countries perhaps this is the right time for the developing countries to show any sign of
development and progress even tin the technological approach a computerized library system
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 among the universities is just a simple approach to change the approach of the library in their
one of most busy areas through the use of the necessary infrastructure implementation of the
process the computerized library system can be effective however the country or the universities
should answer the various challenges including the interactive connections and the system will
help them to generate all the reports in a minimum amount of time and minimize the used of
papers such as log books library cards and other forms that the librarian used at the current
system and also the new system will lessened their time tin borrowing books.
Dewey (1992) [ CITATION Pas92 \l 1033 ] Mentioned that as cited by Pasilan (2000) defines in
integrated library system as the one that bring together numerous library task into one system. It
allows the library to have a direct control on its automation with a great efficiency. Also librarian
are able to have a secure assurance of borrowing books form the library and can easily detect the
borrowed books. For the librarian do not need to consume or use up more time to handle or
manage data and to produce a report on library manually the personal can organized and find the
books easily. For those who want to borrow book is much easier way it does not have to fill up
again the library card a proposed computerized library system is much better than the present
library system which is in manual form. The proposed system is not intended to change all the
principle details and method of borrowing books from the library but rather to improve it in
much accurate and reliable form
Eden (2011) [ CITATION Ede11 \l 1033 ] Mentioned that the views of most libraries are forced
to work with fever staff because of the having a more improved and modernized system for their
library according also to the study the library administration need to emphasize to their staff that
the organization has a vested interest in providing them with the tools and training they need to
assist the organization in the new information marketplace. These may include search engines
circulation system and the online public access catalog
Adebesin Tobi [ CITATION Tos15 \l 1033 ] Mentioned An integrated library system also known
as a library management system Adamson in 2008 mentioned that enterprise resource planning
system for library, used to track item owned, order made, bills paid, and user who have borrowed
the library management system is a library management software for monitoring a controlling
the transaction in a library(Ashutosh and Ashish 2012) Library management system supports the
general requirement of the library such as the acquisition, cataloguing, circulation and other
sections. Before the advent of computer in modern age there are different methods of keeping
record in the library. Records are kept in the library on shelves and each shelf are labeled in an
alphabetical or numerical order, in which the categories of book available are arranged on
different position on the shelves and as well are recorded on the library manuscript and when any
book is to be referenced the manuscript is being referred to, to know the position of such
required book by the person that requested for the book. After the invention of computer
different researchers have carried out various approach on an automated library management
system in which this project is as well all about library management system that capital's library
software with following benefits increases support available for staff and users in any modern
library service provided efficiency, innovative system that's saves library time and improves the
user experiences.
Prabahakar Kumar [ CITATION Kum14 \l 1033 ] mentioned that Library management system is
an application which refers to library systems which are generally small or medium in size. It is
used by librarian to manage the library using a computerized system where he /she can record
various transaction like issue of books return of books, addition of new books,

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 Books and student maintenance modules are also included in this system which would keep track
of the student using the library and also a detailed description about the books a library contains,
with this computerized system there will be no loss of book record or member record which
generally happens when a non-computerized system is used.
In addition report module is also included in library management system, if user's position is
admin, the user is able to generate different kinds of reports like list of student registered, list of
books, issue and return repots.
All these modules are able to help librarian to manage the library with more convenience and in
a more efficient way as compared to library systems which are not computerized.
Edward (1998) [ CITATION Edw98 \l 1033 ] mentioned that predicate the changes in the library
system and information dissemination due to use of computer, application software's internet,
networking etc. due to this there is a significant change in the function of libraries. Along with
technology there is a need to deploy effective staff to process and disseminate the information
for the benefits of users.
Jadish Arora (2009)[ CITATION Jag09 \l 1033 ] Mentioned that the new technologies, is
product techniques providing new electronic resources to retrieve the information. Most of the
libraries are moving to digital libraries providing digital information as well as traditional
information with the communication technologies and networking technology. The librarians and
the library staff have to develop new skills to perform their duties in the changing environment.
The author concluded that librarians should have proper skills in the ICT era to support in the
profession of future.
McKnight Susan (2007[ CITATION Sus07 \l 1033 ] Mentioned that the knowledge management
system which is essential to the librarians to cope up with the new technologies evolved in
library for identifying and disseminating the information to the users with learning new skills to
satisfy the demands of the user. In the following era librarian have to deal with content
management systems, instructional repositories, customer relating management system with help
of federated search engines and internet. The traditional library management system might
change by open sourcing, networking tools as blogs wikis. In the digital age the purchasing
online, copyright laws, on lying buying requirement, organizing, fluency, communication skills,
and technical barriers are the important factors to be considered.
Anne Adams (2005) [ CITATION Ada05 \l 1033 ] Mentioned that the changing information in
the ICT era due to electronic resources and digitized information interviewing and observation of
150 users. The study focuses mainly on the digital libraries user's information demand changes
as the new resources and technology changes. The digital library designers have to consider the
changing need and demands of the users. The digital library features should be supportive to the
users and should implement the staff to provide required information to the users

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 Chapter-3

Methodology

There are different methods and procedures used to gather data for quantitative research that
include experimental research, survey method, historical method, descriptive method and case
study method. Each method has its own strength and weakness to fulfill the objectives of the
present study, survey method was adopted with questionnaire as a tool for collection of data.
Survey method is very popular as it allows for standardization and uniformity both in the
questions asked and in the method of approaching the subjects. It is easier to compare and
contrast the answers given by the respondent group. It also ensures higher reliability, efficiency
and accuracy in determining the information about he given population. The results can be
obtained relatively quickly depending on the sample size.
There are various tools and techniques used for the acquisition of data collection the most
frequently used tools of research for data collection are questionnaire method, interview, and
transaction log, observation method, rating scales, psychological test, social scaling and citation
study.

Questionnaires
The questionnaire method has been used to collect the data for the present study, Questionnaire
is one of the most widely used and preferred social science research data collection tool because
this method is amenable to statistical analysis. It is used to obtain accurate information from the
respondents. It is more economical and easy to administer. It helps to cover a large group at the
same time as well designed structured questionnaire covering the relevant aspects of the study
was used to collect the data. The researcher has personally visited the library sought data from
librarians. The questionnaire was filled by the librarians in the presence of the researcher.

Advantage of Questionnaires
The main advantage of using questionnaires is that a large number of people can be reached
relatively easily and economically a standard questionnaire provides quantifiable answers for a
research topic. These answers are relatively easy to analyze.

Disadvantage of Questionnaires
Questionnaires are not always the best way to gather information for example if there is little
previous information on a problem, a questionnaire may only provide limited additional insight.
On one hand, the investigators may not have asked the right questions which allow new insight
in the research topic. On the other hand questions often only allow a limited choice of responses.
If the right response is not among the choice of answers, mistakes and collect missing data in a
second round.
Another setback of questionnaires is the varying responses to questions. Respondents sometimes
misunderstand or misinterpret question. If this is the case it will be very hard to correct these
mistakes and collect missing data in second round.

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 Requirement analysis
In this chapter, we will discuss and analyses about the developing process of library management
system including Data flow diagram (DFD).

Data flow diagram

A data-flow diagram (DFD) is a way of representing a flow of a data of a process or a system
(usually an information system). The DFD also provides information about the outputs and
inputs of each entity and the process itself.
Data Flow Diagram (DFD) shows the way information flows through a process or system. It
includes data inputs and outputs, data stores, and the various sub process the data moves through.
DFDs are built using standardized symbols and notation to describe various entities and their
relationships.
Data flow diagrams visually represent systems and processes that would be hard to describe in a
chunk of text. You can used these diagrams to map out an existing system and make it better or
to plan out a new system for implementation visualizing each element makes it easy to identify
inefficiencies and produce the best possible system

DFD Symbol
There are essentially two different types of notation for data flow diagrams (Yourdon & Coad or
Gane & Sarson) defining different visual representations for process, data stores, data flow and
external entities
Yourdon and Coad type data flow diagrams are usually used for system analysis and design,
while Gane and Sarson type DFD’s are more common for visualizing information systems.
Visually, the biggest difference between the two ways of drawing data flow diagrams is how
processes look. In the Yourdon and Coad way processes are depicted as circles, while in the
Gane and Sarson diagram the process are squares with rounded corners

Process Notations
A process transforms incoming data flow into outgoing data flow

Level Gane & Sarson

Process

Data store Notations.

Data stores are repositories of data in the system. They are sometimes also referred to as files.

Yourdon & Coad

Data
DataStore
Store

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 Gane & Sarson
C Data store

Dataflow Notations.
Data flows are pipelines through which packets of information flow. Label the arrows with the
name of the data that moves through it

Data Flow

External Entity Notations.

External entities are objects outside the system, with which the system communicates. External
entities are sources and destinations of the system’s inputs and outputs

External Entity
External Entity

External Entity
External Entity

Data flow diagram level

Data flow diagrams are also categorized by level. Starting with the most basic, Level 0, DFDs
get increasingly complex as the level increases as you build you own data flow diagram you will
need to decide which level your diagram will be.

Level 0 DFD
Level 0 DFD is Also known as context diagrams, are the most basic data flow diagrams. They
provide a broad view that is easily digestible but offers little detail. Level 0 data flow diagrams
show a single process node and its connections to external entities.
Admin
LoginRespond

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 Request Login
User Issue Book
Respond System

Level 1 DFD
Level 1 DFD are still a general overview, but they go into more detail that a context diagram, in
a level 1 data flow diagram, the single process node from the context diagram is broken down
into sub process. As these process are added the diagram will need additional data flows and data
stores to link them together.

D
a
t
a
Login/Password Register Register
Admin Login
Member
AvailableB
Respond a
Respond
s
e

Process
Login/Password
Process
Request Request Book
User Login
book Request
Respond
D
a
Check
t
Update Process Respond Issue process
Confirm a Issue book
B
a
s
Login/Password e
Librarian Collect Return Due date
Login Over due
Respond book

Expiry date

Confirm Calculate
fine

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 Attributes
An attribute is a characteristic, in DBMS an attribute refers to a database component such as a
table. It also may refer to a database field. Attributes describe the instances in the row of a
database
Primary key
A column or group of columns in a table which helps us to uniquely identify every row in that
table is called a primary key this DBMS can’t be duplicate. The same value can’t appear more
than once in the table
Alternate Key
All the keys which are not primary key are called an alternate key. It is a candidate key which is
currently not the primary key however, a table may have single or multiple choice for the
primary key.
Foreign key
A foreign key is a column which is added to create a relationship with another table foreign key
help us to maintain data integrity and also allows navigation between two different instances of
an entity every relationship in the model needs to be supported by a foreign key.
Normalization
Database normalization is the process of removing redundant data from you tables in order to
improve stage efficiency, data integrity, and scalability.
Normalization generally involves splitting existing tables into multiple ones, which must be
region or linked each time a query is issued
First Normal Form (1NF)
First normal form is concerned with multiple valued attributes. For the table to be in a first
normal form it cannot contain multiple values for any attributes
Second Normal Form (2NF)
For the table to be in second normal form the non key attributes of the table shouldn’t be partial
dependent on any single element of composite primary key.
Third Normal Form (3NF)
For the table to be in third normal form the non key attributes shouldn’t have the transitive dependency on
the primary key.
Entity Relationship Diagram
Entity relationship diagram, also known as ERD, ER Diagram or ER model, is a type of
structural diagram for use in database design. An ERD contains different symbol and connectors
that visualize two important information: the major entities within the system scope and the
inter-relationship among these entities
Relationship
A relationship between two entities signifies that the two entities are associated with each other
One to one relationship
One entity form entity set X can be associated with at most one entity of entity set Y and vice
versa.
One to Many relationship
One entity from entity set X can be associated with multiple entities of entity set Y, but an entity
from entity set Y can be associated with at least on entity

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 Many too many
One entity from x can be associated with more than one entity from Y and vice versa.
Staff_ID Name
Entity Relationship Diagram Gender F/Name

Address Contact No
Library Staff Address
have

F/Name Gender
Title
Deg_Id
Name Contact

Contains Title
Book_IDStaff_ID
-id
have
Edition
Dept_id
Books User_ID

No-of-copies
User
Usernam
Staff_id
e
Date-of-reg
bookname Staff_ID
Password
ame
Price

Author
Dpt_ID Status
Book_Id
Issue_ID

Dpt_name Stud_ID
Std_Id
Issue Dep_ID
Prog_id
Staff_id

Sess_id
Name Issue
Student
Department Book
Issue
From

Father Contact No
name Staff_ID

Address
Enroll_id
No-of-
Have Copies
Descriptio Date-of-
Reg_no Description return
n Date-of-
issue
Establish Date
Return_ID
1 Entity Relationship Model Return
Issue date

Book
Book_id Return date

Std_id Date

Staff_id Description
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 Microsoft SQL server
Microsoft SQL server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As a
database server it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data
As requested by other software application which may run either on the same computer or on
another computer across a network (including the internet).
Microsoft markets at least a dozen different editions of Microsoft SQL server, aimed at different
audiences and for workloads ranging from small single-machine application to large internet
facing application with many concurrent users.
SQL Language:
Structured query language SQL is a standard computer language for relational database
management and data manipulation. SQL is used to query, insert, Update, and modify data most
relational databases support SQL, which is an added benefit for database administrators (DBAs)
as they are often required to support databases across serval different platforms.
C sharp Language
C# is a general-purpose, modern and object oriented programming language pronounced as a “C
Sharp”. It was developed by Microsoft led by Anders Hejlsberg and his team within the.Net
initiative and was approved by the European computer manufacturers association (ECMA) and
international standard organization (ISO) C# is among the languages for common language
infrastructure. C# is a lot similar to java syntactically and is easy for user who have knowledge
of C. C++ or Java.
Microsoft Visual Studio
Microsoft visual studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft. It is
used to develop computer programs, as well as websites, web apps, web services and mobile
apps. Visual studio uses Microsoft software development platform such as windows API,
windows forms, windows presentation foundation, windows store and Microsoft Silverlight. It
can produce both native code and managed code.
Visual studio includes a code editor supporting (the code completing component) as well as code
refactoring. The integrated debugger works both as a source-level debugger and a Machin-level
debugger. Other build-in tools include a code profiler, forms designer for building GUI
application, web designer, class designer, and database schema designer. It accepts plug-ins that
enhance the functionality at almost every level- including adding support for source control
system (Like subversion and Git) and adding new toolsets like editors and visual designer for
domain-specific language or toolsets for other aspects of the software development lifecycle
(Like the team foundation server client: team explorer).
Visual studio supports 36 different programming language and allows the code editor and
debugger to support (to varying degrees) nearly any programming language, provided a language
specific service exists. Built-in languages include C, C++, C++/CLI, visual basic .NET, C#, F#,
Java Script, Typescript, XML, XSLT, HTML, and CSS. Visual basic languages such as Python,
Ruby, Node.gs, and M among others is available via plugins. Java (and J#) were supporting the
past year.
Development Environment
In developing library management system, we will need to use some hardware, software tools,
and there resources such as programming languages

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 Hardware
The hardware that use to develop the project include standard personal computer. It is basic
requirement for developing the library management system.
Microsoft windows 10
Processor Cori3
HDD 500GB
Software tools
The following is the software and tools that used to develop the project because these can help
the project to build

Microsoft Visual studio 2017

This software can use to design the system’s interface. Besides that, we can write
some coding to allow the button functioning. After developed the system, we can
generate the installer to let user install the system

SQL Server 2017

The SQL server 2017 will act as the database server in our system.

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 Chapter-4

Data Dictionary

This chapter is dedicated to describe the data dictionary / metadata. A data dictionary is a file or
a set of files that contains a database’s metadata.

Definition: A data dictionary is a collection of descriptions of data objects or items in a data

model for the benefit of programmers and others who need to refer to them. A first step in
analyzing a system of objects with which users interact is to identify each object and its
relationship to other objects. This process is called data modeling and results in a picture of
object relationship. After each data object or item is given a descriptive name, its relationship is
described (or it becomes part of some structure that implicitly describes relationship), the type of
data (such as text or image or binary value) is described, possible predefined value are listed, and
a brief textual description is provided. This collection can be organized for reference into book
called a data dictionary.

A data dictionary, or metadata repository, as defined in the IBM [23] Dictionary of computing, is
a centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationship to other data,
origin, usage, and format”. A data dictionary provides information about each attribute also
referred to as fields, of a data model. An attributes is a place in the database that holds
information. For examples, if we were to create a data dictionary representing the articles here on
bridging the gap, we’d potentially have attributes for article title, article author, article category,
and the article content itself.

A data dictionary is typically organized in a spreadsheet format. Each attribute is listed as a row
in the spread sheet and each column labels and elements of information that is useful to know
about the attribute.
Let’s look at the most common elements included in a data dictionary.

Attribute name: A unique identifier, typically expressed in business language, that labels each
attribute

Optional/Required: indicates whether information is required in an attributes before a record

can be saved.
Attribute type: defines what type of data is allowable in a filed. Common types include text,
numeric, data/time enumerated list, look-up Booleans, and unique identifiers,
While these are the core elements of a data dictionary, it’s not uncommon to document additional
information about each element, which may include the source of the information, the table or
concept in which the attribute is contained, the physical database field name, the field length, and
any default value.

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 Table Name: Books

Description: Store all information of book

Attribute Data Type Null / Not Null Primary key

Book ID Int Not Null Yes

Book Name Nvarchar(200) Not Null NO

Author Nvarchar(100) Not Null NO

Title Nvarchar(100) Not Null NO

Edition Nvarchar(100) Not Null NO

No-Of-Copies Int Not Null NO

Date-Of-Reg Date Not Null NO

Price Float Not Null NO

Status Bit Not Null NO

Table Name: Student

Description: Store all information of Student

Attribute Data Type Null / Not Null Primary key

Stud-ID Int Not Null Yes

Name Nvarchar(200) Not Null NO

Father Name Nvarchar(200) Not Null NO

Enroll NO Nvarchar(100) Not Null NO

Reg-NO Nvarchar(100) Not Null NO

Dep_ID Int Not Null NO

Prog_ID Int Not Null NO

Sess_ID Int Not Null NO

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 Contact NO Nvarchar(20) Not Null NO

Address Nvarchar(200) Not Null NO

Description Nvarchar(300) Yes NO

Table Name: Library Staff

Description: Store all information of Staff

Attribute Data Type Null / Not Null Primary key

Staff_ID Int Not Null Yes

Name Nvarchar(100) Not Null NO

Father Name Nvarchar(100) Not Null NO

Address Nvarchar(200) Not Null NO

Gender Nvarchar(10) Not Null NO

Contact No Nvarchar(20) Not Null NO

Dep_ID Int Not Null NO

Table Name: Issue Book

Description: Store all information of issued book

Attribute Data Type Null / Not Null Primary key

Issue_ID Int Not Null Yes

Stud_ID Int Not Null NO

Book_ID Int Not Null NO

Staff_ID Int Not Null NO

NO_Of_Copies Int Not Null NO

Date_of_Issue Date Not Null NO

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 Date_Of_Return Date Not Null NO

Description Nvarchar(300) Yes NO

Table Name: Return Book

Description: Store all information of issued book

Attribute Data Type Null / Not Null Primary key

Return_ID Int Not Null Yes

Book_ID Int Not Null NO

Stud_ID Int Not Null NO

Staff_ID Int Not Null NO

Issue Date Date Not Null NO

Return Date Date Not Null NO

Date Date Not Null NO

Description Nvarchar(300) Yes NO

Table Name: Book Fine

Description: Store all information of Book Fine

Attribute Data Type Null / Not Null Primary key

Fine_ID Int Not Null Yes

Stud_ID Int Not Null NO

Book_ID Int Not Null NO

Staff_ID Int Not Null NO

Date Date Not Null NO

Fine Amount Int Not Null NO

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 Received Amount Int Not Null NO

Description Nvarchar(300) Yes NO

Table Name: Department

Description: Store all information of department

Attribute Data Type Null / Not Null Primary key

Dep_ID Int Not Null Yes

Dep_Name Nvarcher(200) Not Null NO

Establish_Date Date Not Null NO

Description Nvarchar(300) Yes NO

Table Name: User Type

Description: User type

Attribute Data Type Null / Not Null Primary key

User Type_ID Int Not Null Yes

User_Type Nvarcher(200) Not Null NO

Description Nvarchar(300) Yes NO

Table Name: User

Description: Store all information of User

Attribute Data Type Null / Not Null Primary key

User_ID Int Not Null Yes

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 User_Name Nvarcher(200) Not Null NO

Staff_ID Int Not Null NO

Password Nvarchar(60) Not Null NO

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 Chapter-5

Implementation

Implementation is the process of launching a change to systems, process, policies, data,

equipment, infrastructure, facilities and information. The following are common type of
implementation.

Direct Cutover
Replacing and old system with a new one at a point in time is known as direct cutover
implementation
Direct cutover is the implementation of a new facility, system, process, product or procedure at a
point in the time the term implies a major change that is lunched all at once as opposed to a more
conservative approach such as a phased implementation or parallel run.

Big bang
A large scale direct cutover that impact multiple system and processes. Generally speaking, big
lunches tend to have big risk. As such, the term big bang implementation has negative
connotations. Nevertheless, this type of implementation is common because business unit’s
common claim they need all or nothing, in big bang adoption is a large scale change that occurs
all at once. The term tends to be used in a negative sense that implies a high risk attempt at
instantaneous change

Emergent Change
Is change that follows no big upfront plan? For example the internet largely emerged without
much of a central plan as the result of network connecting to networking in an open way that
followed a minimum set of shared standards. Emergent change occurs both naturally and as a
strategy of continuous delivery designed to be responsive to business need strategic conditions
Lunching changes on an extremely frequent basis such the major change can occur with small
incremental risks. Allow for business experiments and constant refinement of requirements.

Phased
Breaking projects into releases of manageable complexity. Change is preplanned from a set for
requirements and is less fluid and responsive than an emergent implementation.

Parallel Run
A parallel run is the practice of keeping an old system operational after a new system is lunched.
As the term suggests, both systems are used in parallel for a period of time until there is
confidence that the new system is sufficient. A parallel run may also be used to deploy facilities
business capabilities, processes and resources.
Or we can say that the parallel run keep both the old and new version of system and process until
there is confidence that the new version is ready to support business objectives

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 The Big bang
This is like ripping off the Band-Aid; it may hurt, but only for second! ERP implementation
happens in one big action. All user moves to the new system on a given date.

Pro:
No one has to operate their business in two different computers.
Everyone in the library moves forward on the same day
Shorter implementation time
Pain and frustration are condensed into one time period, not drawn out
Lower cost
Training needed only on the new system
Con:
High risk
A number of things can go wrong more pronounced problems
Small details or issues can be overlooked in the rush
Sink or swim for employees when it comes to learning the new system
Testing can be tough prior to the implementation
Failures is one part of the system can cause problems and failures in others

Login Page Design

Login page is the process by which an individual gains access to library management
system by identifying and authenticating themselves the user credentials are typically
some form of "username" and a match password.

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 Main Form Design

In the main form design we menu bar by using menu bar we are able to login to the library
management system, after login to the system we can add user, add book, delete book, update
book

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 Session Design

Department Design

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 Library Staff design Form

References

[1] R. E. Luce, "Digital Library System ," Information Technology , California, 1996.[Online
Available]
http://lib-www.lanl.gov/la-pubs/00412932.
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[Online Available] https://www.ukessays.com/essays/information-technology/development-of-library-management-system-information-

technology-essay.php

[3] Study Mosse "Library Management System," Moose, 2016.PDF

https://studymoose.com/library-management-system-2-essay
[7] A. Richard, "Electronic Library Management System," Munich, 2012.[ Online Available]
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2017.[ Online Available] balabalki03@gmail.com

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[7] J. A, "Library management System," , Computer Sceience Department ," Garcia, Bangalore,
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[10]J. W, "Library Manager System," Academia, Colifonia, 1991.[PDF Avilable]

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LIBRARY_SYSTEM

Robert, "Manual Library Management system VS Computer base system," Academia,

[11 Chicago, 1993.
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LIBRARY_SYSTEM
[12 Academia, "Caritas university Library," Caritas University, Enugu, 2000.
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A. Richard, "Electronic Library Management system," Grin, Munich, 2012.

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David, "Computerized Library System," Saint Johan Paul, Florida, 1996.

[14 https://www.academia.edu/10335190/Thesis_chapter_1_2_3
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MANAGEMENT_SYSTEM
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] http://www.ala.org/yalsa/booklistsawards/bookawards/margaretaedwards/whowasedwards/w
homargaretedwards
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