CS253 Computer Organization (4-0-0) 4

Objectives: At the end of course student should understand:

i. Computer system’s functional components, their characteristics,
performance, and interaction.
ii. Design and functionality of different units of computer.
iii. Methodical treatment of machine instructions, addressing techniques,
instruction sequencing, and generation of effective addresses.
iv. Computer architecture in order to structure a program so that it runs
more efficient on the real machine.
v. The tradeoff among various components such as CPU clock speed Vs
memory size in selecting a system to use.

Contribution to Outcomes: This course used assigned readings,

lectures, and homework to enable the students to:
i. Apply the concepts to the solution of practical problems. (POB,C,E)
ii. Design alternate methodologies and assess cost/performance trade-
offs. (PO A,B,C,D,E)
iii. Identify the major hardware components. (POA,B)
iv. Write an assembly language program. (POC,D)

Prerequisites:
i. Logic design
ii. Programming language

Contents:
1) Basic Structure of Computers: Computer Types, Functional Units,
Basic Operational Concepts, Bus Structures, Performance – Processor
Clock, Basic Performance Equation, Clock Rate, Performance
Measurement, Historical Perspective.
5 Hrs
2) Machine Instructions and Programs: Numbers, Arithmetic
Operations and Characters, Memory Location and Addresses, Memory
Operations, Instructions and Instruction Sequencing, Addressing
Modes, Assembly Language, Basic Input and Output Operations,
 Stacks and Queues, Subroutines, Additional Instructions, Encoding of
Machine Instructions. 10 Hrs
3) Input/Output Organization: Accessing I/O Devices, Interrupts –
Interrupt Hardware, Enabling and Disabling Interrupts, Handling
Multiple Devices, Controlling Device Requests, Exceptions, Direct
Memory Access, Buses Interface Circuits, Standard I/O Interfaces –
PCI Bus, SCSI Bus, USB. 10 Hrs
4) Memory System: Basic Concepts, Semiconductor RAM Memories,
Read Only Memories, Speed, Size, and Cost, Cache Memories –
Mapping Functions, Replacement Algorithms, Performance
Considerations Virtual Memories, And Secondary Storage.
8 Hrs
5) Arithmetic: Addition and Subtraction of Signed Numbers, Design of
Fast Adders Multiplication of Positive Numbers, Signed Operand
Multiplication, Fast Multiplication, Integer Division, Floating-point
Numbers and Operations. 10 Hrs
6) Basic Processing Unit: Some Fundamental Concepts, Execution of a
Complete Instruction, Multiple Bus Organization, Hard-wired Control,
Micro programmed Control.
5 Hrs

Additional contents beyond the syllabi:

Simulation of different units of the computer using tools like VHDL.

Books:
1) Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic, Safwat Zaky- Computer
Organization, 5th edition, TMH, 2002.
2) William Stallings- Computer Organization & Architecture, 7th edition,
PHI, 2006
3) Vincent P. Heuring & Harry F. Jordan- Computer Systems Design and
Architecture, 2nd edition, Pearson education, 2004.