Lesson 2

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER HARDWARE

ICT
Prepared By: Ms. Marizkays Palmiano Jamison, CPE

Marizkays
 What are the Three
Types of Computer System

Marizkays
 Three Types of Computer System
Hardware Software
Defined as the tangible Organized information
in the form of operating
portion of the components of systems, utilities, programs,
the computer system represent and applications that enable
the physical part. computers to work

Input Device
For a computer allows
you to enter information.
essential for you to
interact with your
computer.
Output Device
Peopleware
System Application
refers to the human role in an IT Software
Anything that comes system. It can include various
aspects of the process such as
Software (OS)
out of a computer used human interaction, programming,  any program, or
to send data from a productivity, teamwork, and other Designed to operate the group of programs,
computer to another factors. computer hardware & to that is designed for
provide a platform for
device or user
running application
the end user
software. Also provide
service to computer users
& application programs.

Examples Examples Examples

>Keyboard >Monitors
>Microsoft Office
>Mouse >Projector
>Speakers Examples >Applications (Game,
>Scanner
>Camera >Headphones >Printer Driver >HardDiskAnalyzer Social Media Pages)
>Joysticks >Printers
> Software drivers >Windows
>Linux > Ubuntu
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Marizkays
 Hardware Input Device

Keyboard
 Were you encode data via
pressing keys that can be
process to produce an out.

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 Why keyboard is not alphabetical?
O The reason dates back to the time of manual typewriters. When
first invented , they had keys arranged in an alphabetical order,
but people typed so fast that the mechanical character arms got
tangled up. So the keys were randomly positioned to actually
slow down typing and prevent key jams

O The arrangement of characters on a QWERTY keyboard was

designed in 1868 by Christopher Sholes, the inventor of the
typewriter. Marizkays
What are the different
types of keyboard?

Marizkays
 Two Types of Computer Keyboard
1. Basic keyboard contains 104 keys and is enough to perform all
the functions that can be done on a
Windows PC.

2. Extended keyboard may have additional keys, and the design

varies among the companies
manufacturing them.

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 Important Parts of your Keyboard
1. Function Keys  Group of keys with a labels from (F1 to F12)
these keys has different function by pressing any of it or with
combination of other keys.

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2. Alphanumeric Keys Most common of all since keyboards
were designed to simulate a typewriter the Alphabets,
Numbers & some Symbols represent this keys.

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 3. Special Keys  Has unique features that are
needed to supplement the use of computer
such as (ALT) Alternate Keys & (CTRL) Control
Keys which combines with other keys to
give other computer instruction.

4. Direction Keys  Used to navigate the

screen either left, Right, Up & Down directions.
5. Numeric Keypad  Located at the right
most side of the keyboard in an array
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form of numbers.
 Mouse A computer mouse is a
hand-held pointing device that detects
two-dimensional motion relative to a
surface. This motion is typically
translated into the motion of a pointer
on a display, which allows a smooth
control of the graphical user interface
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 Common types of Mouse

Optical Mouse  Type of mouse

uses a sensor were the
instruction to control the mouse
pointer (moving pointer in the
screen ) navigated in the desktop.

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Mechanical Mouse  A hard
rubber ball
that rolls as the
mouse is moved. Sensors inside the
mouse body detect the movements &
translate it into information that the
computer interprets.

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Cordless Mouse  Free
you from cord
problems.
It connect to your
computer with a ratio
(rather than an infrared)
signal. We can also say that
wireless mouse Marizkays
 Actions of Mouse
1. Click  Pressing the left button Once.
2. Double Click  Pressing the left button twice.

3. Right Click Pressing the right button once.

4. Drag  Pressing down the left button
(w/o releasing) then moving the mouse
pointer to the target destination
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before releasing the press key.
 Microphone  Used video
conferencing
the user
speakers this device in which the
sounds is transmitted to the
recipient but always remember to
set up proper configuration when
using the microphone.
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 Bar Code Reader 
Device uses a sensor to
capture
the image to input
information to the computer
usually these devices are used
by identification verification
& retail stores.
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 Scanner  Uses the
photocopies technology
were it captures the image
by mirroring the exact
replicate of an image
although the quality is not
good compared with actual
process image.
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 Hardware Output Device

Monitor  Device that displays

the output using
(CRT)Cathode Ray Tube or
(LCD)Liquid Crystal Display for
user to analyze for its specific
objective output Marizkays
Printer  Device that
produce a hard copy of
the process data.

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 Types of Printer
Dot Matrix Printer
 Creates characters
by striking pins against an
ink ribbon. Each pin makes a
dot, & combinations of dots
form characters &
illustrations. Marizkays
Marizkays
 Inkjet printer
 Sprays ink at a
sheet of paper. Inkjet
printers produce high
quality text & graphics.
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 Headset or Speaker

 To listen to the
processed sound of the
computer.

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 Mainboard/Mother Board

 Its primary
functions as the body of the
computer system.
Controlling the internal
functionality of whole system
board components. Marizkays
Von Neumann Architecture has
Two Components
1. CPU
The data instruction
store in memory is
2. MEMORY the same it
addressable in four
ways.

Two types of
Memory Marizkays
 Two types of Memory
Primary Secondary

 Volatile No data lost > Non-Volatile

If power is lost
 Content Lost happed if power
all data is lost > No Content Lost
lost occurred
 Cant store
> External storage
permanent

Random Read Only

RAM Access
Memory Memory ROM

Types of RAM Types of ROM

 DRAM  PROM
 SRAM  EROM Marizkays
 MRAM  EEPROM
 RAM

DRAM SRAM MRAM

(Dynamic Random (Static Random (Magnet Random
Access Memory) Access Memory) Access Memory)

 It is most used  It is faster  It stores data

in computer than DRAM using magnetic
 Slower than charges instead
SRAM  It is more of electrical
expensive as charges.
 It is less
expensive kind of compared to  It has greater
RAM. DRAM storage capacity.

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 ROM

PROM EROM EEPROM

(Electrically Erasable
(Programmable Read ( Erasable Read Programmable Read-
Only Memory) Only Memory) Only Memory)

 form of digital  Memory and is a

memory where
 a type of type of non-
memory chip volatile memory
the setting of used in
each bit is that retains its computers,
locked by a fuse data when its integrated in
or anti fuse. It is microcontrollers
power supply for smart cards
one type of and remote
ROM is switched off. keyless system.

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 Machine Cycle
1. FETCH

2.
4. STORE MEMORY DECODE

3.
EXECUTE Marizkays
 Two Main Parts of CPU
1. Control Unit  Control the operations ,the main part of
control unit, program counter or it may
Repeat , Loop , Go forward , Go back , or
Stop.

2. (ALU) Arithmetic Logic Unit

Is involving Addition , Subtraction ,
Division , Multiplication , & Logic is test
like True or False. Marizkays
 Machine Cycle
2. Decode 3. Execute
Instruction Commands
into
command

Control
ALU
Unit
1. Fetch
Instruction 4. Store
from Result in
Memory Memory

Main Memory Marizkays

 LESSON 3

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER
SOFTWARE

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Software  Generic term that refers to
a collection of data or computer
instructions.
Operating System (OS) Primarily used to
control the computer process such as
computing, printing & internet connection.
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 Examples:
 Window XP 32 Bit to Run
 Window 10 64 Bit to Run
 Ubuntu
 Linux

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 Type File System

 NTFS New Technology File System)

 FAT32 File Allocation Table

 FAT/EXFAT

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FAT32 1,024 Kb
OS
0
312

WORD PROCESSOR
312
100 KB

412
ANTI-VIRUS
50 KB

462
FREE SPACE
562 KB

1,024 KB Marizkays
 EXERCISE: FAT 32 – 1,024 KB
OS 0
JOB SIZE
312 K
JOB 1=110 312
1 110
422
JOB2=80
2 80
502
JOB3 = 50

3 50
JOB4 = 100
552

4 100 FREE SPACE 652

372 Marizkays
1,024KB
 Types of Software

1. Application Software  A specific

function to produce, such Microsoft
Office, Graphics & Video Editing.

2. System Software  Help & support

the operating system in maintaining
the computers.
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THANK YOU !
GOD BLESS!
Marizkays