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: SIP/VOIP/IMS Interview Questions

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Tuesday, June 24, 2014

SIP/VOIP/IMS Interview Questions

Below is the list of VOIP Interview questions , that will cover most of the interview questions

If you find it useful please do write comment and drop a thanking mail.

VoIP & SIP

1. Difference between Via and Route?

2. What is Dialog and transaction? How many transactions are there in single call?

Dialog/Call Leg is same.

In the example 1,

(a) to (c) are one transaction.

(d) is second transaction and

(e)& (f) constitute third transaction.

Together, these three transaction constitute one dialog

3. What is Loop and what parameters you will see to detect A loop or how to detect?
4. How to detect the response of immediate request?

This is called transaction and it’s identified by branch Id in via header.

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.255.1.30:5060;branch=z9hG4bK3763983732-38

You can see branch- id in the via header that is the transaction number...

Since sip is a transaction protocol so it required

transaction number to send a request and get response for this

transaction.

5. What is different between Session Vs Dialog?

After dialog established, if the call is successful and media starts

Flowing (RTP), then it is said to session established.

For Register request, dialog establishes but there is no media, so no

Session.

6. What is call forking?

7. What is early dialogue and confirmed Dialogue?

Early Dialog:- A dialog established by a non final response.

Confirmed Dialog:- After getting 2xx response.

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8. Difference between Record-route & route?

9. Explain important headers in RTP?
10. Why RTP uses UDP?
11. What is Refer? And where it is used?
12. What are the Mandatory general headers you will see in SIP Requests and Responses?
13. What is SIP Protocol Structure /Stack?
14. Draw Call Flow of Call waiting and 3way conference?[Samsung]
15. What is present in Auth Headers of INVITE in case of IMS ?[Samsung]
16. What are P-headers present in SIP message when using IMS ?[Aricent,Samsung]

P-Associated-URI

– URIs associated to an address of records

P-Called-Party-ID

– Identity the session was addressed to

P-Visited-Network-ID

– Check roaming agreements and authorize registrations

P-Access-Network-Info

– Information about the access network used by the terminal

P-Charging-Function

– Charging entities for a session

P-Charging-Vector

– Charging identifiers and networks performing charging

P-User-Database

– Optimization for queries to the HSS

17. what are headers/differences in INVITE and CANCEL message ?[Samsung]

18. What is difference between Via ,Route,Record-route,Path field?[Samsung,Radisys]
19. What is difference between Session and Dialog?[Aricent]
20. Who adds record route in Case of IMS?[Samsung]
21. How DTMF is send in VOIP?

3 common ways of sending DTMF on SIP calls

>>SIP INFO packets

-------

INFO sip:7007471000@example.com SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP alice.uk.example.com:5060

From: <sip:7007471234@alice.uk.example.com>;tag=d3f423d

To: <sip:7007471000@example.com>;tag=8942

Call-ID: 312352@myphone

CSeq: 5 INFO

Content-Length: 24

Content-Type: application/dtmf-relay

Signal=5

Duration=160

-----

>>As specially marked events in the RTP stream - see: RFC 2833

>>inband as normal audio tones in the RTP stream with no special coding or markers

22. What is Loose Routing and Strict Routing? [Radisys]

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23. What is P-asserted Identity Header?[Aricent]

24. Difference between Proxy and B2BUA ?[Sonus,Tata Elixis,Aricent]
25. Draw Call flow of Attended Transfer ?[Aricent]
26. What is OMA Specs?[Aricent]
27. Which Layer of TCP/IP SIP is involved?[Radisys]
28. In OSI model, how SIP packet is formed and traversed?[Radisys]
29. Which field is added in SIP packet at each process in IMS Server?[Radisys,Samsung]
30. Draw the call flow from host A to host B in IMS Server?[Radisys]
31. What are components of IMS-Core and function of Each and where located (Home or Visited Network)?[Aricent,Samsung]

The P-CSCF resides in the visited network.

It acts as the UE's gateway into the UE's home network. The P-CSCF is responsible for:

Identifying the home IMS network.

Routing traffic to and from the home IMS network.

Establishing the IPSec security association

· The I-CSCF resides in the home network. It acts as the front-end of the Home IMS network.

The I-CSCF is responsible for:

Interfacing with the P-CSCF in the visited network.

Selecting the S-CSCF by querying the HSS.

· The S-CSCF resides in the home network.

The S-CSCF is responsible for:

Handling the registration request from the I-CSCF.

Pulling the authentication vectors from the HSS

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Passing the authentication vectors to the P-CSCF via the I-CSCF.

Authenticate the user in the second registration attempt.

32. What are different SIP Request?[Samsung,Aricent]

33. Draw call flow of Cancelled INVITE?
34. When we should TCP or UDP for Sending SIP Message?[Samsung]

TCP should be used when message size is too large to be fit in one frame ( 1500 Bytes)

This is normally needed in case of IMS as SIP messages has too many headers.

Also when there is no PRACK available.

35. What is via, Branch, Tag?

36. What is Early dialog?
37. Give me an example when servers send 5XX response?
38. What are Branch ID and Tag ID in SIP?
39. What is path Header?

The Path header field is a SIP extension header field with syntax

very similar to the Record-Route header field. It is used in

conjunction with SIP REGISTER requests and with 200 class messages in

response to REGISTER (REGISTER responses).

40. how to add multiple contact in register and remove one contact from register.
41. stateless vs stateful proxy ?what is used in gateway?
42. How to implement ACL for invite
43. Explain Answer/Offer model in details
44. 3-Way conference Call flow
45. How to match response of a request?
46. What is 301 Transfer
47. IPC mechanisms in Asterisk

- June 24, 2014

10 comments:

Unknown August 11, 2015 at 11:15 AM

Can i find the answers for these questions??

Reply

Unknown December 21, 2015 at 5:58 AM

plz post the answer of these question.

Reply

Alok February 10, 2016 at 6:02 AM

Answer can easily be found studying RFC / SIP Tutorials etc.

Reply

Unknown May 1, 2017 at 10:48 AM

Excellent collection of important questions, useful for study and interview, thanks

Reply

Unknown March 31, 2019 at 12:45 PM

This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

Reply

Adarsh April 22, 2019 at 11:53 AM

RFC 3261 says, a call-id is universally unique in time and space. Then why do we need To-tag and From-tag along with call-Id to identify a dialogue?
Why call-id alone is not enough to identify a dialog when it's universally unique in time and space.

Reply

Replies

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priyesh mehrotra June 15, 2019 at 2:13 AM

This comment has been removed by the author.

Sumit August 19, 2020 at 4:29 AM

Hi when parallel forking happens that time with call id we cant get to know which device has accepted the call and sent 200 ok that time to and from tag comes
in picture since call id will be same for all devices.

Reply

priyesh mehrotra June 15, 2019 at 2:15 AM

Consider a case of multidevice call or forked call.The call would come to the Applicaton server and would be forked to many different legs(lets see the user is registered on
his mobile,smartwatch and laptop).

In such case when the calee answers the call application server would not know which party has answered it (Moble,Watch,laptop)

For such specific cases the tags play an important part as these unique parameters help identify which call-leg is answered and which is to be cancelled.

Hope this helps !!

Thanks,

Reply

Aniket Joshi August 8, 2019 at 11:37 PM

Please share the Answer for the question it is helpful for all of us.
Reply

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