Senior High School

NOT

Understanding
Culture, Society and
Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 8
Socialization and
Enculturation

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Grade 11

i
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Socialization and Enculuration
First Edition, 2020

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work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
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nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Belinda S. Tagolimot, Ph.D.

Reviewers: Joel D. Potane, Ph.D., LRMS Manage
Content Validators: Romeo B. Aclo EPS-Araling Panlipunan and Cheryl C. Pontillas
Evaluator: Marvin Acero
Language Evaluators: Sylvio L.Carciller
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Paul Y. Badon and Ryan Z. Roa

Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, Ph.D., CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, Ph.D., CESE

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Members: Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief

Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan
Joel D. Potane, Ph.D., LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: (08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

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 Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 8
Socialization and Enculturation

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the
Department of Education at cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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 Table of Contents

COVER PAGE............................................................................................................i
COPYRIGHT PAGE...................................................................................................ii
TITLE PAGE............................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................ iv
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT ............................................................................v
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW ........................................................................................v
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE..................................................................v
ICONS OF THIS MODULE ...................................................................................... vi
WHAT I KNOW ........................................................................................................ vii
Lesson 1: Socialization and Enculturation
What I Need to Know .......................................................................................... 5
What I Know (Pre-Test) ..................................................................................... 7
What’s In .......................................................................................... 9
What’s New: ....................................................................................................... 9
What Is It ............................................................................................................... 9
What’s More: ....................................................................................................... 11
What I Have Learned: Reflection of Learning .................................................. 11
What Can I Do: .................................................................................................... 11
Summary ............................................................................................................... 13
What I Know (Post-Test) ................................................................................. 14
Key to Answers ................................................................................................. 16
References ........................................................................................................... 17

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What This Module is About

The society is composed of people who play different roles in order to attain
economic development as well as peace and stability. The role and interaction of
different agents of socialization are very important in the holistic development of every
individual.
This module contains some activities that can help students recognize on
various social processes of becoming a member of society and identify social goals
as well as the socially appropriate means to realize these goals, campaign for inclusive
citizenship, and embrace protection of human dignity, rights and the common good.
Let the learning begin.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Identify the context, content, processes, and consequences of socialization

and enculturation (UCSP 11/12HSOIIe-16);
2. Identify the social goals and the socially acceptable means of achieving
these goals (UCSP 11/12HSOIIe-17); and
3. Advocate inclusive citizenship (UCSP 11/12HSOIIe-18).

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
1. Take your time to read and understand the concepts in this module.
2. Follow the instructions carefully in every given task.
3. Answer all the given test and exercise.
4. Work on the activities and performance tasks given in this module.
5. Take the Post-Test after you are done with all the lessons and activities in the
module.
6. Familiarize yourself with the given terms.
7. Meet with your teacher. Ask him/her about any difficulty or confusion you have
encountered in this module.
8. Finally, prepare and gather all your outputs and submit them to your teacher.
9. Please write all your answers to the tests, activities, exercises, and others on
your separate activity notebook.

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 Icons of this Module

This part contains learning objectives that

What I Need to Know
are set for you to learn as you go along the
Learning Objectives
module.

This is an assessment as to your level of

What I Know? knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
Pre-Assessment meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge.

What’s In? This part connects previous lesson with

Review Activity that of the current one.

An introduction of the new lesson through

What’s New?
various activities, before it will be
Motivational Activity
presented to you.

These are discussions as a way to deepen

What Is It?
your discovery and understanding of the
Lesson Proper
concept.

These are follow-up activities that are

What’s More?
intended for you to practice further in order
Performance Task
to master the competencies.

What Have Learned? Activities designed to process what you

Generalization have learned from the lesson.

These are tasks that are designed to show

What Can I Do? case your skills and knowledge gained,
Application and applied to real-life concerns and
situations.

This evaluates your level of mastery in

Assessment
achieving the learning objectives of the
Post-Assessment
lesson.

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 What I Know
PRETEST

Directions: Answer directly. On your notebook, write the letter that corresponds to
the statement. All choices are on the box below.

1. They are defined by the duration of socialization, those involved, the methods used,
and the type of experience.

2. It is a process in which society molds the individual to conform to established social

norms and rules.

3. They are the consequences of socialization which refer to the way one reasons and
acts after going through the process.

4. It includes culture, language, social structures, the ranks and roles that people have
played.

5. This occurs when cultural knowledge is passed on to the next bearer who will
perpetuate and ensure the continuation of culture.

Choices for items 1-5

A. Results B. enculturation C. Socialization
D. Context E. content and process

6. These regulate and control the people’s behavior and conduct

7. These define what is morally right and morally wrong.

8. These are repetitive or typical habits and patterns of expected behavior followed
within a group or community.

9. This involves the pattern of expected behavior in a social relationship with one or
more persons occupying other statuses.

10. This means any position that an individual can occupy in society.

Choices for items 6-10

A. Mores B. Folkways C. Laws
D. Role E. Status

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 Module
Socialization and Enculturation
8 (UCSP11/12BMS-Ig-16)

What’s In
The society is composed of people who play different roles in order to attain
economic development as well as peace and stability. This time, we will learn the role
and interaction of different agents of socialization are very important in the holistic
development of every individual

What’s New

Activity 1.1: Picture Analysis

Directions: Write your answers directly on your notebook with at least two sentences
each.

1. Analyze the picture below. What do you think are the people doing?
2. Who among the people in the picture can you relate to? Why?
3. What impact or relevance to you as a member of the community does the
picture give?

Source: https://brewminate.com/the-sociology-of-socialization/

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 Your output will be graded according to the given rubrics.

Points 5 3 2

Support for Includes 3 or more pieces of Includes 2 pieces of evidence Includes 1 or fewer pieces of
Position evidence (facts, statistics, (facts, statistics, examples, evidence (facts, statistics,
examples, real-life real-life experiences) that examples, real-life
experiences) that support the support the position statement. experiences).
position statement.

What Is It
A human being should not live by himself or herself because he or she is a
social being who needs other people. Baleña, E. et. al. (2016) stress out that for man
to survive, and to develop himself or herself as a human being, there is a need for
social interaction. He or she should be with others and interact with them in order to
realize his or her dreams and to withstand whatever adversities encountered in life in
a given society. To become a full member of a society, he or she has to acquire and
learn all the necessary social roles and skills. The process of learning these skills and
social roles is called socialization. Socialization is a process in which society molds
the individual to conform to established social norms and rules.

Socialization as a process through which people learn the rules and practices
needed to participate successfully in their culture and society. Its process is very
essential in man’s daily life because it teaches man how to behave and act within
society. Consequently, if he or she does know how to socialize and conform to
standards, his or her actions may impede social order.

In an article written by Cole (2020), she points out the key parts of socialization.
It comprises of context, content, process and results. Context includes culture,
language, social structures, the ranks and roles that people have played. While context
sets the stage for socialization, the content and process constitute the work of this
undertaking. At home, assigning household chores by parents and telling their children
how to relate with others are examples of content and process as they are defined
by the duration of socialization, those involved, the methods used, and the type of
experience. In schools, students are provided with guidelines, rules and policies when
interacting with the school authorities and other students. Reward is given to those
compliant students; and a punishment is given to those deviants. Hence, they acquire
the correct behavioral norms suitable for school. Results are the consequences of
socialization which refer to the way one reasons and acts after going through the
process. Babies need the support of their parents and older siblings as they cannot
live independently. However, as they grow older, they acquire the proper ways in doing
things by themselves such as obeying laws, respecting the authorities among others.

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 Santarita and Madrid (2016) describe that socialization takes place when
prospective culture bearers learn the body of knowledge and skills through education,
training, exposure, and experience; while enculturation occurs when cultural
knowledge is passed on to the next bearer who will perpetuate and ensure the
continuation of culture. Both socialization and enculturation result to identity formation,
developing norms and values, and statuses and roles:

A. Identity Formation

An individual’s identity is formed through his interactions with others. One’s

socialization with individuals or groups allows him or her to imbibe certain
characteristics and interests that contribute to his or her identity. For example, the
centuries of Philippine Chinese exposure to Filipino culture made them imbibe facets
of Filipino character in the same way Filipino learned to love Chinese culture like food
such as preference for noodle-based cuisine like pancit (Newman, 2012 as cited by
Santarita and Madrid).
Can you recall how your own culture formed you? What food have you liked or
family tradition have you practiced based on how your community has influenced you?

B. Norms and Values

Norms are those culturally determined rules that guide people regarding what
is “right”, “wrong”, “proper”, “improper”. They create predictability in daily affairs and
interactions, making it easier to live with other members of society. They are
fundamental to the establishment of social order in any societies (Newman, 2012 as
cited by Santarita and Madrid). These include society’s standards of morality, good
manners, legality, and integrity. The following are forms of norms:

Folkways * customary patterns that specify what is socially correct

and proper in everyday life.
* repetitive or typical habits and patterns of expected
behavior followed within a group or community.

* define what is morally right and morally wrong.

standards of conduct with ethical and moral
Mores * significance

Laws * regulate and control the people’s behavior and conduct.

Source: Palispis, Epitacio S. (2007)

Schaefer (2012) delineates cultural values as collective conceptions of what is

considered good, desirable, and proper- or bad, undesirable and improper. It reveals
on what preferences people should pursue which are vital for their continued
existence. With the favorable norms and values in a society, all people are expected
to conform, follow and practice them.

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C. Statuses and Roles

Status is any position that an individual can occupy in society. It is not a ranked
position, but simply a label that implies certain roles that must be performed (Newman,
2012). For example, one can be a student, singer, or a computer genius. Though some
statuses are generally recognized as prestigious, prestige like beauty is certainly
relative or depends in the eye of the beholder (Santarita and Madrid, 2016). Social
Statuses can be classified into two:

Ascribed Statuses Achieved Statuses

* assigned to the individual from * acquired by choice, merit, or
birth such as age and sex individual effort

* involve little personal choice like * made possible through special

age and sex abilities or talents,
performance or opportunities

* carry with them certain * choice in occupation,

expectations of behavior marriage, joining a religious
organization are examples
Source: Panopio, et. Al. (1994)

Role, on the other hand, involves the pattern of expected behavior in a social
relationship with one or more persons occupying other statuses. (Panopio, 1994). It is
what the individual is expected to do, given his status. This involves inclusive
citizenship, in which the citizens are given a strong feeling that they are a part of the
overall society. By making the citizens feel that the government values their
viewpoints, the people are then motivated to participate in the elections, civic
participation, and military service.

What’s More

Activity 1.2: True or False

Directions: Answer directly. On your notebook, draw a circle if the statement is
correct. If it is incorrect, draw a triangle. Two points each.

1. The process of learning these skills and social roles is called enculturation.
2. Socialization is the process by which an individual learns culture and assimilates its
practices and values.
3. Statuses are those culturally determined rules that guide people regarding what is
“right”, “wrong”, “proper”, “improper”.
4. Laws regulate and control the people’s behaviour and conduct.
5. Folkways involve the pattern of expected behaviour in a social relationship
with one or more persons occupying other statuses.

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Activity 1.3: Differences and Similarities

Directions: Compare and contrast Enculturation and Socialization using the table
below. Answer directly. On your notebook, write five differences and similarities of
enculturation and socialization. Your output will look like the table below:

Enculturation Socialization
Difference Similarities Difference
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5

Activity 1.4: “Know-How”

Directions: Write five examples of different key parts of Socialization. On your

notebook, your output will look like the table below:

Socialization
Context 1 2 3 4 5
Content 1 2 3 4 5
Process 1 2 3 4 5
Result 1 2 3 4 5

E.G.
Result 1 2 3 4 5
independence marriage

Activity 1.5: Ascribed or achieved?

Directions: Answer directly. On your notebook, write A if the statement belongs as

ascribed status. Write B if the statement belongs as achieved status. 2 points each.

1. Nilo is a boy.
2. My grandfather is a musician.
3. I grew up in a family of teachers.
4. Those who are poor are expected to strive hard for a bright future.
5. It is either challenging being a male or female.
6. Graduating in senior high school and college is a fulfilment.
7. At birth, we could not choose which family to belong.
8. Becoming an honor student is a choice.
9. Everyone has equal power to change for the good.
10. We all grow old.

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 What I Know

POST-TEST
Directions: Answer directly. On your notebook, write the letter that corresponds to
the statement. All choices are on the box below.

1. They are defined by the duration of socialization, those involved, the methods used,
and the type of experience.

2. It is a process in which society molds the individual to conform to established social

norms and rules.

3. They are the consequences of socialization which refer to the way one reasons and
acts after going through the process.

4. It includes culture, language, social structures, the ranks and roles that people have
played.

5. This occurs when cultural knowledge is passed on to the next bearer who will
perpetuate and ensure the continuation of culture.

Choices for items 1-5

A. Results B. enculturation C. Socialization
D. Context E. content and process

6. These regulate and control the people’s behavior and conduct

7. These define what is morally right and morally wrong.

8. These are repetitive or typical habits and patterns of expected behavior followed
within a group or community.

9. This involves the pattern of expected behavior in a social relationship with one or
more persons occupying other statuses.

10. This means any position that an individual can occupy in society.

Choices for items 6-10

A. Mores B. Folkways C. Laws
D. Role E. Status

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Key Answers
Pre-Test / Post-Test Activity 1.3
1. E Answers may vary
2. C
3. A Activity 1.4
4. D Answers may vary
5. B
6. C Activity 1.5
7. A
8. B 1. a
9. D 2. b
10. E 3. b
4. a
Activity 1.1 5. a
6. b
Answers may vary 7. a
8. b
Activity 1.2
9. b
1. 10. a
2.
3.
4.
5.

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

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