Republic of the Philippines Date Adopted: ________

ZAMBOANGA STATE COLLEGE OF MARINE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY Revision Status: 2

Fort Pilar, Zamboanga City Revision Date: 7-2020
Tel No. 992-3092/Tel No: (062) 991-0643 Telefax: (062) 991-0777 website: http:www.zscmstedu.ph Recommended by: QMR
Approved by: College President

GRADUATE SCHOOL
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MARINE BIODIVERSITY
OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION (OBE) COURSE SYLLABUS IN
MBD 210
(Marine Biodiversity: Concepts and Principles)

Prepared by: Reviewed and Approved by: Date of Effectivity:

ALINASSER ALFAD YUSOP DAVID A. ORNADO, Ed.D. AUGUST 2020

Professor and Program Chair Coordinator, Graduate Studies

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I. COLLEGE

VISION: A world-class institution for higher learning, research, development and innovation in fisheries, marine sciences, maritime education,
and technology by 2024.

MISSION: Provide quality education and relevant research and extension to produce globally competitive human capital for fisheries and marine-
based industries.

CORE VALUES: CARE - C-Commitment A-Attitude R-Relationship E- Excellence

II. PROGRAM: MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MARINE BIODIVERSITY

III. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL:

Goals
The ZSCMST Graduate School shall provide quality graduate and post graduate education attuned to the development needs of
Zamboanga Peninsula through research, development, and extension services in the primary areas of the College.

Objectives
The ZSCMST Graduate School aims to: 1) enhance the students’ research capabilities through strong responsibility, competency,
efficiency and professional conduct, and 2) develop a sense of social responsibility and advocacy to human development through
extension services and linkages.

IV. INSTITUTIONAL OBJECTIVES:

1. Apply the basic concept that underlie each of the functional areas of business and hospitality management
2. Select the proper decision-making tools to critically, analytically and creatively solve problems and drive results.
3. Apply information and communication technology as required in the new normal setting.

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V. PROGRAM OUTCOMES
1. The Master of Science in Marine Biology is a unique program of study equipping its graduates with the knowledge they need to
improve conservation of and improve marine biodiversity in the world’s most diverse and threatened areas like (Zamboanga-
Basilan-Sulu-Tawi-Tawi) ZamBaSulTa and eco-regions like the Philippines and its neighboring countries through development
of local capacity and science-based management tools.
2. The program is designed to teach current and future professionals about marine ecosystems from the scientific, economic and
policy perspectives, as well as provide important cultural and communications skills.
3. This program aims to develop in the students their critical thinking and independent research towards the advancement of
knowledge in the field of marine biodiversity.

VI. COURSE SPECIFICATIONS

Course Name MBD 210 – Marine Biodiversity: Its Concepts and Principles
Course Credits 3 units
Course Description This module provides the foundation of the course by providing the basic concepts of biodiversity at the genetic, species and
habitat levels, focusing on the examples and peculiarities of the coastal and marine ecosystems This subject is delivered in an
online environment utilizing available and applicable forms of technology.
Contact Hours/week 3 hours per week
Prerequisite None

VII. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

1. Illustrate fully and systematically key concepts in marine biodiversity
2. Describe the development of ideas on what is meant by the term marine biodiversity
3. Be familiar with the major patterns of marine biodiversity
4. Understand the factors which control patterns of marine biodiversity such as geological and evolutionary history
5. Describe the key methods in assessing marine biodiversity
6. Explain the patterns of diversity in marine systems, considering gradients of diversity on global scales, with depth in the oceans and through
evolutionary time
7. Explain the mechanisms that generate and maintain patterns of diversity
8. Gain an understanding of the key conservation issues for marine biodiversity
9. Critically and independently assess literature related to a conservation issue in the marine realm and write a critical analysis
10. Increase presentation and scientific debating skills related to issues concerning marine biodiversity

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VIII. COURSE OUTLINE AND TIMEFRAME

WEEK TOPICS
MID TERM COVERAGE

Module 1 - MARINE BIODIVERSITY: ITS CONCEPTS, PAST DEVELOPMENT, PRESENT STATUS, AND FUTURE THREATS
Introduction

1.0 Basic Concepts of Marine Biodiversity

1.1 Three Forms of Biodiversity
1 a) Compositional Diversity
b) Structural Diversity
c) Functional Diversity
1.2 Three Levels of Biodiversity
a) Genetic Diversity
b) Species Diversity
c) Ecosystem Diversity
1.2 Conservation Shortcuts
a) Keystone species
b) Umbrella species
c) Indicator species and
d) Flagship species of coastal and marine environment
2 1.3 Why is Biodiversity Important?
a) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
b) Provisioning Services
c) Regulating Services
d) Cultural Services
e) Supporting Services
3 Past Development, Present Status and Future Threats to Marine Biodiversity
a) Comparing marine and terrestrial biodiversity
b) The rise of marine biodiversity
c) The distribution of marine biodiversity
d) Human impacts on marine biodiversity

Page 4 of 16 MBD210
 e) The relationship between global climate and marine biodiversity
f) Could marine biodiversity be facing large-scale climate-induced extinction?
g) Additional impacts of CO2 on the marine environment
h) Hypoxia and ‘dead zones’

MODULE 2 - MARINE BIODIVERSITY – PLANKTON, BENTHOS, NEKTON

Planktonic Diversity
Classification by Size, Distribution, Lifestyle, Feeding Behavior, General Description of the Realm, Major Taxa, Magnitude of Diversity and biodiversity Functioning
4 Benthos Diversity
Classification by Size, Distribution, Lifestyle, General Description of the Realm, Major Taxa, Magnitude of Diversity and biodiversity Functioning
Nekton Diversity
Classification by Size, Distribution, Lifestyle, General Description of the Realm, Major Taxa, Magnitude of Diversity and biodiversity Functioning
MODULE 3 - SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERN OF MARINE BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION OF THE OCEAN
5 Spatial and Temporal Patterns Factor in Biodiversity (speciation-extinction)
Biogeographic Factors
Major Gradient of Species Diversity (latitudinal, longitudinal, bathymetric)
6 Explanation of Regional Diversity Differences;
Expansion and Extinction in the Past;
How extinctions change biodiversity:
(a) Two kinds of extinctions; natural, induced – extinction rate-
7 (b) The implications of extinction-
(c) Earth's past mass extinction events –
(d) The current mass extinction event –
(e) Generalizations we can draw from past extinction events
Conservation of marine biodiversity
Value of Marine Biodiversity: why is important?
8 Ecosystem function and services;
The shifting baseline concept;
What is an endangered species;
The IUCN red list; CITES; Conservation strategies (MPAs)
9 MID TERM EXAMINATION
10 FINAL TERM COVERAGE
MODULE 4 - GLOBAL THREATS FOR GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY AND ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS

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 Threats to Marine Biodiversity
Human effects on Marine Environment;
Pollution (toxic metals, pesticides, herbicides);
11 The problem of the Plastic;
Biological Invasion;
Nutrients and Eutrophication;
12 Global Environmental Change and the Ocean
Management issue and Actions
MODULE 5 - EXTENDING THE APPROACHES OF BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING TO THE DEEP OCEAN
13 Deep-sea ecosystems: characteristics, biodiversity, and functioning
Approaches to the investigation of deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
Biodiversity metrics
14 Functional diversity
Deep-sea ecosystem functioning
15 Relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the deep sea
Relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in different deep-sea ecosystems
MODULE 6 - IMPLEMENTING AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH: PREDICTING AND SAFEGUARDING MARINE BIODIVERSITY FUTURES
Introduction
16 Taking an ecosystem approach
Ecosystem services, function, and biodiversity
a) Taking a systems perspective
b) Linking ecology and economics
An economic framework for ecosystem services
a) Valuation of ecosystem services
b) Valuation methods
17 A framework for implementing an ecosystem approach
Challenges for the future
a) Science needs
b) Policy needs
18 FINAL EXAMINATION

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 LEARNING PLAN
Detailed Learning Course Content/ References Flexible Learning Assessment Tools on Resource Time
Outcomes (DLO) Subject Matter Modalities Flexible Learning Materials Table
Performance Tasks Week 1
At the end of the Orientation (3hrs.)
orientation the students o Vision-Mission of the school, Goals Online
must be able to of the graduate school, and Graduate School Manual  Online Class for Discussing the Vision
 Discuss their role ZSCMST Core Values students with and Mission of the
regarding the vision o Rules and Regulations of the connectivity via College and Graduate
and mission of the Graduate School School through on line  Online gadgets
Google Class/
school, goals of the o Teachers policies and students’ role Using Google class or
Zoom /Messenger/ Zoom  Module
graduate school, o Getting to know through Zoom
and the ZSCMST Videos o Brainstorming &  Laptop
Core Values. Interactives
o Oral Recitation
MODULE 3 - MARINE BIODIVERSITY: ITS Marine Biodiversity and using Google
CONCEPTS, PAST DEVELOPMENT, Ecosystem Functioning. Class
 Understand the basic PRESENT STATUS, AND FUTURE First Edition. Edited by
concepts of marine THREATS Martin Solan, Rebecca Class Discussion via
biodiversity. J. Aspden, and David M. Zoom
1.0 Basic Concepts of Marine Biodiversity Paterson.
 Discuss the three © Oxford University
forms of biodiversity. 1.1 Three Forms of Biodiversity Press 2012. Published  Laptop
a) Compositional Diversity 2012 by Oxford  Cell phones
b) Structural Diversity University Press.
c) Functional Diversity Offline
 Explain the three https://www.frontiersin.o  Modular Approach Activities, Test and
rg/articles/10.3389/fmars.
levels of biodiversity. 1.2 Three Levels of Biodiversity 2016.00248/full
(learning Support Rubrics are included in
a) Genetic Diversity Material) for the Module

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 b) Species Diversity students with no
c) Ecosystem Diversity connectivity.

Marine Biodiversity and Online  Brainstorming &

1.2 Conservation Shortcuts Ecosystem Functioning.  Online Class for Interactive
 Identify and define a) Keystone species
conservation First Edition. Edited by students with Discussions w/
b) Umbrella species
shortcuts. c) Indicator species and Martin Solan, Rebecca connectivity via Guided Questions
d) Flagship species of coastal and J. Aspden, and David M. Google Class/  Test and Oral
marine environment Paterson. Zoom /Messenger/ Recitation using
 Elaborate why © Oxford University Videos Google Class  Laptop
biodiversity is 1.3 Why is Biodiversity Important? Press 2012. Published  Cell phones Week 2
important.  Rubrics are in google
a) Millennium Ecosystem 2012 by Oxford (with internet (3 hrs.)
Assessment forms; link will be
University Press. Offline Connectivity)
b) Provisioning Services generated as the
 Modular Approach
c) Regulating Services need arises
https://www.frontiersin.or (learning Support
d) Cultural Services  Activities, Test
e) Supporting Services g/articles/10.3389/fmars.2 Material) for
and Rubrics
016.00248/full students with no
are included in
connectivity.
the Module
 Discuss the 1.4 Past Development, Present Status and 1. Magurran, A. E. Online  Brainstorming &  Laptop Week 3
development in Future Threats to Marine Biodiversity 2004. Measuring  Online Class for Interactive  Cell phones (3 hrs.)
biodiversity, its a) Comparing marine and terrestrial Biological Diversity. students with
present status, and biodiversity Discussions w/
Blackwell Publishing. connectivity via Guided Questions (with internet
its future threats. b) The rise of marine biodiversity Connectivity)
c) The distribution of marine ISBN-13: 978-0-632- Google Class/  Test and Oral
biodiversity 05633-0 Zoom /Messenger/ Recitation using
d) Human impacts on marine Videos Google Class
biodiversity 2. Miloslavich, P.  Rubrics are in google
e) The relationship between global and E. Klein. 2005.
climate and marine biodiversity forms; link will be
Caribbean Marine Offline generated as the
f) Could marine biodiversity be facing
large-scale climate-induced Biodiversity: the Known  Modular Approach need arises
and the Unknown. (learning Support
extinction?
g) Additional impacts of CO2 on the DEStec Pulbications, Material) for

Page 8 of 16 MBD210
 marine environment Inc., Lancaster, PA. students with no  Activities, Test
h) Hypoxia and ‘dead zones’ ISBN: 1-932078-48-7 connectivity. and Rubrics
are included in
the Module
Week4
MODULE 2. MARINE BIODIVERSITY –  Discussing the (3 hrs.)
PLANKTON, BENTHOS, NEKTON Planktonic, Benthic,
Online and Nekton Diversity
 Describe planktonic, 2.1 Planktonic Diversity
benthos, and nekton Marine Biodiversity and
diversity according to Ecosystem Functioning.  Online Class for  Enumerating and
 Classification by Size, Distribution,
its key features and First Edition. Edited by students with explaining the  Laptop
provided criteria. Lifestyle, Feeding Behavior,
Martin Solan, Rebecca connectivity via features of these  Cell phones
General Description of the Realm, domains.
J. Aspden, and David M. (with internet
 Identify and familiarize Major Taxa, Magnitude of Diversity Google Class/
Paterson. Connectivity)
major taxa and and biodiversity Functioning Zoom /Messenger/
representative © Oxford University
Press 2012. Published Videos o Tasks to be
species.
2012 by Oxford submitted online
 Compare each type of 2.2 Benthos Diversity University Press.
diversity from one
another. https://www.frontiersin.o  Activities, Test
 Classification by Size, Distribution, rg/articles/10.3389/fmars. and Rubrics
Lifestyle, General Description of the 2016.00248/full are included in
Realm, Major Taxa, Magnitude of the Module
Diversity and biodiversity
Functioning

2.3 Nekton Diversity

Offline  Laptop
 Modular Approach  Cell phones
 Classification by Size, Distribution,
(with internet
Lifestyle, General Description of the
Connectivity)
Realm, Major Taxa, Magnitude of

Page 9 of 16 MBD210
 Diversity and biodiversity (learning Support
Functioning Material) for students
with no connectivity.
 Explain spatial and 1. Magurran, A. E.  Discussing and Week 5
temporal pattern of MODULE 3 - SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL 2004. Measuring explaining concepts (3 hrs.)
marine biodiversity PATTERN OF MARINE BIODIVERSITY Biological Diversity. in spatial and
and elaborate factors AND CONSERVATION OF THE OCEAN temporal pattern of
in biodiversity from Blackwell Publishing. marine biodiversity  Laptop
speciation to 3.1 Spatial and Temporal Pattern Factors in ISBN-13: 978-0-632- and conservation of  Cell phones
extinction Biodiversity (speciation-extinction) 05633-0 the ocean (with internet
o Brainstorming & Connectivity)
3.2 Biogeographic Factors 2. Miloslavich, P. Interactive
and E. Klein. 2005. Discussions w/
3.3 Major Gradient of Species Diversity Caribbean Marine Online
(latitudinal, longitudinal, bathymetric) Guided Questions
Biodiversity: the Known  Online Class for o Test and Oral
and the Unknown. students with Recitation using
DEStec Pulbications, connectivity via Google Class
Inc., Lancaster, PA.  Laptop
Google Class/
ISBN: 1-932078-48-7 o Rubrics are in google  Cell phones
Explain the regional Zoom /Messenger/ (with internet Week 6
diversity differences and Videos forms, link will be (3 hrs.)
enumerate factors generated as the Connectivity)
which may have caused 3.4 Explanation of Regional Diversity Offline need arises
this Differences
 Modular Approach
Discuss expansion and 3.5 Expansion and Extinction in the Past;
extinction of species in (learning Support
the past Material) for students  Activities, Test
and Rubrics
with no connectivity.
are included in
the Module
 Laptop
 Cell phones
(with internet

Page 10 of 16 MBD210
 Connectivity)

Elaborate how 1. Magurran, A. E. Online Week 7

extinctions alters 3.6 How extinctions change biodiversity: 2004. Measuring  Elaborate how (3 hrs.)
biodiversity a) Two kinds of extinctions; natural, Biological Diversity.  Online Class for extinctions change
induced – extinction rate Blackwell Publishing. biodiversity.
Differentiate two kinds students with
of extinctions b) The implications of extinction ISBN-13: 978-0-632- connectivity via  Laptop
o Assignments to be
c) Earth's past mass extinction events 05633-0  Cell phones
Google Class/ submitted online
Outline and discuss d) The current mass extinction event (with internet
earth’s past extinction 2. Miloslavich, P. Zoom /Messenger/ Connectivity)
e) Generalizations we can draw from o Google Class
events and E. Klein. 2005. Videos
past extinction events o Rubrics are in
Caribbean Marine
Biodiversity: the Known google forms; link
and the Unknown. will be generated  Laptop
DEStec Pulbications, Offline as the need arises  Cell phones
Inc., Lancaster, PA.  Modular Approach (with internet
ISBN: 1-932078-48-7  Activities, Test Connectivity)
(learning Support and Rubrics
Discuss conservation of 3.7 Conservation of marine biodiversity 1. Magurran, A. E. Material) for students are included in Week 8
marine biodiversity 2004. Measuring with no connectivity. the Module (3 hrs.)
3.8 Value of Marine Biodiversity: why is Biological Diversity.
Elaborate how important important?  Discussing concepts
is marine biodiversity Blackwell Publishing.
ISBN-13: 978-0-632- concerning spatial
Explain ecosystem 3.9 Ecosystem function and services; 05633-0 and temporal pattern
function and services of marine biodiversity
3.10 The shifting baseline concept; 2. Miloslavich, P. and conservation of
Analyze the shifting and E. Klein. 2005. ocean
baseline concept 3.11 What is an endangered species; Caribbean Marine
Define endangered 3.12 The IUCN red list; CITES; Biodiversity: the Known
species, IUCN Red List, and the Unknown.

Page 11 of 16 MBD210
CITES, and MPAs Conservation strategies (MPAs) DEStec Pulbications,
Inc., Lancaster, PA.
ISBN: 1-932078-48-7

MIDTERM EXAMINATIONS Week 9

Identify threats for global 1. National Research Online  Explaining the Week 10
biodiversity and MODULE 4 - GLOBAL THREATS FOR Council. 1995.  Online Class for threats to marine (3 hrs.)
anthropogenic impacts GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY AND Understanding biodiversity and the
students with human effects on
ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS Marine Biodiversity. connectivity via
Identify human effects marine environment.
on marine environment National Academy o Online Class  Laptop
4.1 Threats to Marine Biodiversity Google Class/
Press, Washington,  Cell phones
Zoom /Messenger/ o Brainstorming &
D. C. ISBN: 0-309- (with internet
4.2 Human effects on Marine Environment Videos Interactive
05181-9 Connectivity)
Discussions w/
2. Norse, E. A. and L.
Guided Questions
Discuss pollution and its B. Crowder. 2005. Week 11
types 4.3 Pollution (toxic metals, pesticides, Offline o Written
Marine Conservation (3 hrs.)
herbicides); Biology. Island  Modular Approach assignments to be
Expound the problem of Press. ISBN 1- submitted online
plastics and its impacts 4.4 The problem of the Plastic; (learning Support  Discussing pollution,
to marine life 55963-662-9
3. Sobel, J. and C. Material) for students plastic problem, bio-
4.5 Biological Invasion; with no connectivity. invasion, and
Define biological Dahlgren. 2004.  Laptop
invasion 4.6 Nutrients and Eutrophication; Marine Reserves. A eutrophication.  Cell phones
 Correlating global
guide to science, environmental (with internet
Explain nutrients and design, and use. Connectivity)
eutrophication change and ocean,
Island Press. ISBN: discussing
Discuss global Week 12
environmental change 4.7 Global Environmental Change and the 1-55963-841-9 management issues
and actions (3 hrs.)
and its management Ocean
and actions o Test and Oral
4.8 Management issue and Actions Recitation using
Google Class  Laptop
o Activities, Test and  Cell phones
Rubrics are (with internet

Page 12 of 16 MBD210
 included in the Connectivity)
Module

1. National Research Online o Online Class Week 13

Council. 1995. o Brainstorming &
MODULE 5 - EXTENDING THE Understanding  Online Class for
APPROACHES OF BIODIVERSITY AND Interactive
Describe deep-see ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING TO THE Marine Biodiversity. students with Discussions w/
ecosystem and explain DEEP OCEAN National Academy connectivity via Guided Questions  Laptop
how it functions Press, Washington, o  Cell phones
Google Class/
5.1 Deep-sea ecosystems: characteristics, D. C. ISBN: 0-309- o Written (with internet
Discuss approaches in biodiversity, and functioning 05181-9 Zoom /Messenger/ Connectivity)
dealing with deep-sea Videos assignments to be
2. Norse, E. A. and L. submitted online
ecosystem biodiversity 5.2 Approaches to the investigation of B. Crowder. 2005.
and functioning deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystem
functioning Marine Conservation
Biology. Island
Press. ISBN 1- Offline o Test and Oral
55963-662-9  Modular Approach Recitation using
3. Sobel, J. and C. Google Class Week 14
Dahlgren. 2004. (learning Support  Laptop
Marine Reserves. A Material) for students  Cell phones
5.3 Biodiversity metrics o Activities, Test and
Discuss biodiversity guide to science, with no connectivity. (with internet
Rubrics are
metrics, functional design, and use. Connectivity)
5.4 Functional diversity included in the
diversity, and deep-sea Island Press. ISBN:
ecosystem functioning Module
5.5 Deep-sea ecosystem functioning 1-55963-841-9

Correlate biodiversity Week 15

and ecosystem  Laptop
functioning in deep-seas 5.6 Relationships between biodiversity and  Cell phones
ecosystem functioning in the deep sea (with internet
Connectivity)

Page 13 of 16 MBD210
 5.7 Relationships between biodiversity and
ecosystem functioning in different deep-sea
ecosystems

1. National Research Online o Online Class Week 16

Council. 1995.  Online Class for o Brainstorming &
MODULE 6 - IMPLEMENTING AN Understanding
ECOSYSTEM APPROACH: PREDICTING students with Interactive
AND SAFEGUARDING MARINE Marine Biodiversity. connectivity via Discussions w/
BIODIVERSITY FUTURES National Academy Guided Questions
Google Class/
Press, Washington, o Written assignments  Laptop
6.1 Introduction D. C. ISBN: 0-309- Zoom /Messenger/  Cell phones
Discuss ecosystem to be submitted
approach and explain 6.2 Taking an ecosystem approach 05181-9 Videos (with internet
online
how it works 6.3 Ecosystem services, function, and 2. Sobel, J. and C. Connectivity)
biodiversity o Test and Oral
Dahlgren. 2004. Recitation using
a) Taking a systems perspective Offline
b) Linking ecology and economics Marine Reserves. A Google Class
guide to science,  Modular Approach
o Activities, Test and
design, and use. Rubrics are included
Island Press. ISBN: (learning Support
Material) for students in the Module
1-55963-841-9
Characterize economic 1. Magurran, A. E. with no connectivity.  Laptop Week 17
framework ecosystem 6.4 An economic framework for ecosystem 2004. Measuring  Cell phones
services services Biological Diversity. (with internet
a) Valuation of ecosystem services
Discuss various b) Valuation methods Blackwell Publishing. Connectivity)
challenges for marine ISBN-13: 978-0-632-
biodiversity particularly 6.5 A framework for implementing an 05633-0
the need for additional ecosystem approach
scientific facts and 2. Miloslavich, P.
policies for its 6.6 Challenges for the future and E. Klein. 2005.
conservation. a) Science needs Caribbean Marine
b) Policy needs
Biodiversity: the Known
and the Unknown.

Page 14 of 16 MBD210
 DEStec Pulbications,
Inc., Lancaster, PA.
ISBN: 1-932078-48-7
FINAL EXAMINATIONS Week 18

Reading Lists:

4. Magurran, A. E. 2004. Measuring Biological Diversity. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN-13: 978-0-632-05633-0

5. Miloslavich, P. and E. Klein. 2005. Caribbean Marine Biodiversity: the Known and the Unknown. DEStec Pulbications, Inc., Lancaster, PA. ISBN: 1-
932078-48-7
6. National Research Council. 1995. Understanding Marine Biodiversity. National Academy Press, Washington, D. C. ISBN: 0-309-05181-9
7. Norse, E. A. and L. B. Crowder. 2005. Marine Conservation Biology. Island Press. ISBN 1-55963-662-9
8. Sobel, J. and C. Dahlgren. 2004. Marine Reserves. A guide to science, design, and use. Island Press. ISBN: 1-55963-841-9
9. Solan, Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. First Edition. Edited by Martin Solan, Rebecca J. Aspden, and David M. Paterson. © Oxford
University Press 2012. Published 2012 by Oxford University Press.

Internet Sources:

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-23514-1_55-1
https://www.villanovau.com/resources/leadership/what-is-ethical-leadership/#:~:text=The%204%2DV%20Model%20of%20Ethical
%20Leadership&text=The%20four%20V's%20stand%20for,create%20a%20strong%20ethical%20leader.
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/importance_of_leadership.htm
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/ethical-leadership
https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/emotional-intelligence-in-leadership
https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/0318/pages/emotional-intelligence-is-key-to-outstanding-leadership.aspx
https://blink.ucsd.edu/finance/accountability/ethics/process.html#:~:text=Ethical%20decision%2Dmaking%20refers%20to,select%20the%20best
%20ethical%20alternative.
https://futureofworking.com/14-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-ethical-leadership-styles/
https://managementstudyguide.com/tips-to-overcome-challenges-in-leadership.htm
https://bizfluent.com/info-8014104-public-administration-ethics.html
https://bizfluent.com/info-8785999-utilitarianism-workplace.html

Page 15 of 16 MBD210
http://www.smartvoter.org/2014/06/03/ca/la/vote/valencia_n/paper1.html
https://www.money-zine.com/definitions/career-dictionary/bureaucratic-leadership-style/
https://online.stu.edu/articles/education/what-is-transactional-leadership.aspx
https://online.stu.edu/articles/education/what-is-charismatic-leadership.aspx

COURSE REQUIREMENTS:
A) Academic Requirements
 Students are given topics and must be able to report individually using the Google class or Zoom. Soft copy of the handouts and the power point of the
report shall be submitted to the professor on line. Each reporter should also give a soft copy of his/her report to all members of the class. Reflection
papers are to be submitted on line on the days they are due.
 In the event of failure to take major tests and quizzes on line, rescheduling (make up) is possible only if the student/s can present a valid excuse for being
absent.
( i.e., medical certificate)
 Examinations/paper presentation, submission of requirements, non-compliance on these means zero. Late papers will be deducted from the total points.
B) Grading Criteria
 On line class standing (attendance, quizzes, class participation, assignments, practical examinations, projects, and workshop groups) and Major Exam =
100%.
 To pass this course, a student must have a grade of not lower than 2.0.
Note: Research Output shall be submitted In lieu of the major final examination
C) Grading System
Midterm and Final Examinations (Research Output…………………… 30%
Class Standing/Class participation……………………………………… 20%
Assignments/Requirements/OBE Activities….………………………….30%
Reflections/Case Study……………………………………………….….. 20%
____________________________
Total 100%

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