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Technology and
Livelihood Education
(Crop Production)
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Crop Production
Crop
Module 3
(Perform Estimation or Basic
Calculation in the Workplace)
Further, there are two (2) important elements that need to be considered
in farming: time and money. These two are basically anchored in Mathematics.
Mathematics has enabled farming to be more economically efficient and increase
productivity and harvest. It has been the system of organization to effectively
utilize farmer’s time and manage their money. Farmers live in number everyday
to complete variety of task - from measuring, weighing, land marking, and
projecting.
May this module will serve you as your burning fuel to be successful in
farming endeavor if not help your family and peers to put your knowledge to good
use.
This module is designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be able to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
Lesson 1 ----------------
What’s In ---------------- 4
What’s New ---------------- 5
What is It ---------------- 6-15
What’s More ---------------- 16-19
Success in the farm is greatly attributed to the sound estimation and basic
calculation that farmers do.
1
What I Know
Your journey to being a young agripreneur begins with the test of your
prior knowledge on this topic. This is to measure how cool you are
when it comes to mathematical skills applicable to agriculture. You
may not get all items correctly but you will surely learn all these in this
module. Relax, take this test the best that you could, and enjoy the
rest of the journey.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your
activity notebook.
1. 1liter(L) = ___ milliliter (mL)
a) 500 mL b) 1 000 mL c) 40 mL d) 100 mL
2. 1 meter (m) = ___ centimeter (cm)
a) 100 cm b) 1 000 cm c) 1 cm d) 500 cm
3. 50% of P1,000.00 is _____.
a) P 50.00 b) P 200.00 c) P 500.00 d) P 800.00
4. If the mixture has two (2) parts alcohol and one (1) part water, what is the
ratio?
a) 2:1 b) 2:2 c) 3:1 d) 1:5
5. What is the price of each sack of fertilizer if you paid P 4,800.00 for the 4
sacks that you bought?
a) P 1,500.00 b) P 1,700.00 c) P 1,400.00 d) P 1,200.00
6. _________is a number or ratio expressed as fraction of 100. It is usually recognized
using the percent sign “ %”. “Percent” also mean “per 100”.
a) Ratio b) Fraction c) Decimal d) Percentage
7. How much is the cost of labor in 1 week, if labor rate per day is P 500.00?
a) P 500.00 b) P 3,500.00 c) P 2,000.00 d) P 1,000.00
8. How many seconds in 1 hour?
a) 60 b) 120 c) 40 d) 90
9. Find the area of a square with length of 10 m and width of 10 m?
2
a) 110 m2 b) 120 m2 c)1 100 m2 d)100 m2
10. _____compares values. It says how much of one thing there is compared to
another thing.
a) Fraction b) Ratio c) Decimal d) Percentage
11. What is an appropriate measuring instrument to measure the weight of a
banana?
a) Weighing scale c) Measuring Tape
b) Meter stick d) Clock
12. _______ is a physical quantity and is a measure of distance. The basic unit is
meter (m).
a) Mass b) Length c) Weight d) Area
13. Convert 15 000 kilograms (kg) to ton (t).
a) 1.5 t b) 1 500 t c) 15 000 t d) 150 t
14. 1/2 is also equals to:
a) 70% b) 50% c) 30% d) 10%
15. It is a process of comparing unknown quantity to a standard known quantity.
a) Measurement c) Fraction
b) Ratio d) Length
3
Lesson PERFORM ESTIMATION OR
BASIC CALCULATION IN THE
1 WORKPLACE
What’s In
In the previous module, you have already studied all about farm
tools and equipment including its preventive maintenance. This
knowledge is also important to fully understand our lesson. Using
appropriate tools and equipment in a job requirement may help give
accurate estimate in the workplace. So, let us take this test.
Directions: Look at the pictures below. Choose from the box the word/phrase that
best describes each picture below. Write your answer in your activity notebook.
1. 4.
2. 5.
3.
4
What’s New
__________________________________________
__________________________________________.
5
What is It
I know you are more than willing to help Simon in his noble quest to
help his parents because you, BASIC
yourselfCALCULATIONS
also want to help your parents in
your own little way.
So, this is it! Are your ready to learn the basic in Mathematics
essential to agriculture? Don’t worry, you already have met most of these
numbers in your previous years in school. We just have to learn this again
and this time we will apply mathematics to agriculture. Exciting isn’t it? Now
let’s begin.
FRACTION
A fraction simply tells us how many parts of a whole we have. It can be
recognize by the slash called mark of division between two (2) numbers. The upper
number is called the numerator and the lower number is called denominator.
numerator 1
2 denominator
Example:
A farmer wants “Okra”, “Kalabasa”, “Talong”, and “Sitaw” to be equally planted in his one
(1) hectare of land. How much of a hectare shall be planted with Okra?
1 1
4 4
1 1
4 4
In other words, one (1) hectare is divided equally into four (4) parts. So, each shall
occupy 1/4 of a hectare.
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PERCENTAGES
In mathematics, a percentage is a number or ratio expressed as fraction of 100.
It is usually recognized using the percent sign “ %”. “Percent” also mean “per 100”.
As agreed, the farmer should give 50% of his harvest to the owner of the land he tilled. If
the farmer harvested 20 sacks of corn, how many sacks of corn should he give to the owner?
50% = 50/100
50/100 x 20 = 10
Hence, 50% of 20 = 10
Therefore, the farmer should give 10 sacks of the harvested corn to the land owner.
RATIO
A Ratio compares values. It says how much of one thing there is
compared to another thing.
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Ratio can be written in different ways:
1. Use “:” to separate values
Example: 3:1
2. Use the word “to”
Example: 3 to 1
3. Write it like fraction
Example: 3/1
Application:
So, the ratio of pesticide to water is 1:10. Or, we can say that 10 L of water is to 1 L of
pesticide.
MEASUREMENT
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Standard Base Units of Measure
Standard Units
Derived Quantities
Quantity Unit Symbol
area square meter m2
volume cubic centimeter m3
speed kilometer per hour kph
9
Hmmmm? Cotton
floats while nail
Which is heavier, a sink. A kilogram
and even in our daily lives.
kilogram of cotton or of nail is
a kilogram of nail? heavier!
?!
Here are some conventions to be observed when writing in the metric and
decimal system:
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Fundamental Quantities and their Units and Conversion
LENGTH
Let’s convert:
How many meters (m) is 215 centimeters (cm)?
Solution:
Based on the table above, 100 cm = 1 m
215 cm x 1 m_ = 2.15 m
100 cm
MASS/WEIGHT
Mass refers to the amount of matter contained in an object. Thus, it
remains the same regardless of the location.
Weight relates to the gravitational pull of the earth upon a mass. Thus, a
person’s weight on the Moon varies his weight on Earth.
Just remember, mass and weight can be interchanged in our everyday
activity.
The basic unit is kilogram (kg).
Weighing Scale is the common instrument used in measurement.
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kilogram kg 1 000 g = 1 kg
tonne t 1 000 kg = 1 t
Let’s convert:
How many tonne (t) is 35 700 kilogram (kg)?
Solution:
Based on the table above, 1 000 kg = 1 tonne
TIME
The basic unit of time is second(s).
Clocks and calendars are the instrument used in measurement.
Conversion Table of Time
Quantity Name of Unit Symbol Value
Time second s
minute min 60 s = 1 min
hour h 60 min = 1 h
day day 24 h = 1 day
Let’s convert:
How many seconds in one day?
Solution:
7 days x 60 min x 60 s = 252 000 s
12
Derived Quantities and Their Units
SURFACE AREA
Calculation of surface areas is one of the most important part in
farming. Measurement of farm inputs and labor will need to determine
the size of your farm. Hence, it is essential that you know how to
compute surface areas starting with the most common ones. This
discussion has been simplified for you to fully understand the concept.
1m
width
width
length length
width
square rectangle
- all four (4) sides are equal.
- the lengths of opposite side
are equal
-all four angles are right
angles
In agriculture, hectare (ha) is the most common unit used. One (1) hectare is
equivalent to 10 000 square meter.
Conversion Table of Area
Quantity Name of Unit Symbol Value
Area Square millimetre mm2
Square centimetre cm2 1 cm2 = 100 mm2
13
Square metre m2 1 m2 = 10 000 cm2
Hectare ha 1 ha = 10 000 m2
Application:
200 m
200 m
100 m
250 m
So, 40 000 m2
10 000 m2
14
VOLUME
Height (h)
Width (w)
Length (l)
Volume is length by width by height, and the basic unit of volume is cubic meter
or m3.
1 m3 = 1 000 L
Application:
Formula:
Volume = l x w x h
=3mx5mx9m
= 135 m3
Now, let us convert the volume into the basic unit of measure of are which is the liter (L). 1 m 3 =
1 000 L,
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What’s More
Yay! I am sure you are already loaded with all the basic knowledge
in mathematics applied to agriculture.
Now, are you ready to help Simon becoming an agripreneur?
I bet you are!
Then, let us find the needed data and perform the appropriate
calculation needed for the job requirement to arrive at the conclusion that
will help Simon.
Simon approached his father to get the needed data for his calculation
and offered help. His father agreed that he would help with the estimation and
calculation. He gave Simon the list of materials and asked him if the P 20,000.00
he prepared for the land preparation would be enough to cover all expenses.
Below are the list of materials needed during the land preparation for their
farm with the length of 80 meters and width of 125 meters.
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Given the above data, we can now help Simon compute the cost of
each material using the knowledge that we learned.
Shall we start answering the following questions?
1. How much is the cost of the corn seed if price of the seed per kilo is P 125.00?
Solution:
____________________________________________
2. If his father paid P 4,800.00 for all 4 bags of fertilizer, how much is the cost per bag?
Solution:
____________________________________
3. Ratio of insecticide to water is 1:400. There is 1 L of insecticide mixed with 400 L of
water. How many liters of insecticide needed for 1 load of knapsack sprayer (16 L water
capacity). Express you answer in millilitre (ml).
17
The given ratio is 1:400, if expressed in percentage 1/400 = .0025%
Solution:
____________________________________________
Solution:
____________________________________________
5. What is the total cost of labor if the prevailing rate of plowing and harrowing using
carabao labor is P 400.00 per day?
Solution:
____________________________________________
Given: Length = 80 m
Width = 125 m
18
Formula: Area = length x width
Solution:
____________________________________________
B. Directions: Based on your answer in Activity 1A, complete the table with your answer.
1. Is the P 20, 000.00 budget enough to cover all the expenses in the land preparation?
Why?
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
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What I Have Learned
After the exercises and computations that you have taken, I know
that you are one step ahead of being cool in Agriculture. Your learning
matters to us. Your reply will surely be considered for us to be able to serve
you better. So, take your time, answer with sincerity , and hope to see you
in the world of Agribusiness.
Direction: Read carefully each question below and write your reply on your
activity notebook.
SATISFACTION RATING
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What I Can Do
Provided that you can compute and make estimate, we would like
to know how these knowledge could be applied in your decision making.
Activity 2
Directions: Using the two tables below, compare and analyze data then answer
the following questions. Write your answer in your activity notebook.
Table 1 – Using Carabao (Manual Labor)
Farm Inputs Quantity Unit Price / Unit Cost
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Assessment
We already have helped Simon compute the total cost for land
preparation. Now, try to solve the same problem like that of Simon given the
data below. But this time you would have to do it yourself in order for me to
gauge how much have you learned from our lesson.
Based on the given below, fill up the table and compute the total cost:
Based on the given below, fill up the table and compute the total cost:
Seeds
Fertilizer
Insecticides
Plowing
Harrowing
Total Cost:
Given:
There are 8 bags of fertilizers needed, price of the fertilizer is P 1,080.00 / bag.
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A. How many kilograms of seeds should be purchased if you have P1,800.00
and the price of the seeds per kilogram is P 60.00 / kg.
B. If you need 8 bags of fertilizer at P 1,080.00/bag, How much should you need?
D. If price per liter of insecticide is P 2,500.00 per liter. How much is the
cost of insecticide?
E. What is the cost of labor all in all if plowing and harrowing using
Carabao prevailing rate of such labor is P350.00 per day.
F. Compute the surface area of the farm if the width of the farm is 100 m
and the length of the farm is 250 m? Express your answer in hectare.
23
Additional Activities
Draw a farm following the description below, draw it in your activity notebook.
References
Natasha Glydon, “Math on the farm”, Math Central, June 13, 2020
http://centraledesmaths.uregina.ca/RR/database/RR.09.05/glydon1.html
http://www.staff.vu.edu.au/mcaonline/units/measure/meauni.html
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