7lab

Adsorbing materials and their impact

Adsorbing material, or adsorptive agent (Latin adsorbentia) is an agent capable to bind of

molecules or particles (gas, solid, liquid) to a surface. This is usually a powder containing
adsorptive surface (a fluffy agent), insoluble in water and tissue not irritant. Stronger
adsorption properties of the material justifies a more detailed, when an increase in surface
area and pore density. The binding to the surface is usually weak and reversible, it does not
change the chemical nature of the material absorbed. Just about anything including the fluid
that dissolves or suspends the material of interest is bound, but compounds with color and
those that have taste or odor tend to bind strongly. Adsorbants are used externally as moist
wound healing treatment includes the drug composition as a filler. They used internally for
poisoned, išputusiems or with intestinal toxicosis animals. Poisoned animals together with
adsorbants should receive laxative agents.

Kaolinite (Kaolinum) (ntk. white clay (Bolus alba)), AlHSiO4. Mainly composed of
aluminum silicate. White or pale, light, greasy-looking powder. When mixed with water, the
drying plastic mass formed. Kaolinite conducts the heat, retains water for a long time. This
agent is indicated during intoxication, bloating or alkaloid poisoning. As a form providing
material it being used for the manufacture of pills and boluses. Kaolinite is using externally to
treat moist wounds (sterilized powder). Thick, warm (60 °C) mixture of kaolinite and water
(1:2) as dough is used treating bruises (second stage) and periostitis and a cold dough -
bruises (initial stage), skin, muscle and rheumatic inflammation of the hoof. Vinegar may be
added to increase freezing properties of kaolinite. Dose inside (1:3): Horse and Cattle, 30-100
g (calf with diarrhea 50-100 g), Sheep 2-10 g, pig 5-25 g (piglet with diarrhea 10-50 g), dog
0.3-6 g, Cat 0.2-3 g, V 0.1-1 g.

Activated charcoal (Carbo activatus, English Activated charcoal) is plant origin (Carbo
ligni activatus) and animal origin (Carbo animalis activatus, seu Carbo Ossis). The word
adsorb is important here. When a material adsorbs something, it attaches to it by chemical
attraction. The huge surface area of activated charcoal gives it countless bonding sites. When
certain chemicals pass next to the carbon surface, they attach to the surface and are trapped. It
is black and without taste or smell very fluffy and in water or ethanol insoluble powder in.
Charcoal is obtained heating the leaf-bearing wood (birch) without the air, animal charcoal -
by heating the bones and other animal tissues (horns, hooves, claws) without the air.
Activated charcoal has a very large surface - 1 g of active carbon has 120 to 150 m2. stored
not tightly enough charcoal adsorbs the moisture from the air and other substances and loss its
the adsorptive properties. Heating helps to restore its adsorption properties. Activity of
charcoal increases by adding weak bases. In digestive tract absorbs various substances
(microorganisms, toxins, viruses, gases, many types of drugs) nonselectively, reducing their
contact with the mucous membrane and resorption. As adsorbing material is used during toxic
substance or feed poisoning, treating bloated animals. Active carbon is given orally in the
form of aqueous suspension and tablets. The powder works better than tablets, because tablets
contain starch, which reduces the carbon koringumą (the numper of pores). In acute
intoxications water-based suspension (1:8) is indicated. Most effective time of indication is
within 0.5 to 3 hours. 30 to 60 minutes after the administration of activated charcoal laxatives
may be given. It is not recommended to give animals drink milk products or oils at the same
time. Carbon is almost ineffective in acids, cyanides, metal compounds poisoning. Coal does
not effect the resorption of oil distillates, corrosive substances, alcohol, klofenotano
(dikofano, DDT), malathion, nitrate, sodium chlorate, or other metal salts, including lithium
and iron. Activated charcoal reduces the effect of medicines given together. Active carbon
given in high doses may cause constipation. Keep the original packaging in order to protect
from moisture.

Doses per os: according to Plumb, 2003: dogs and cats 2-8 g/kg (1g of carbon to 50 to 10 ml
of water), cattle 1-3 g/kg (1g of carbon to 3–5 ml of water), horse - till 750 g to 4 l of water,
according to Červiakov, 1977: horse 20–150 g, cattle 50–200 g, sheep 10–50 g, pig 5–15 g,
dog 0,5–3 g, cat 0,2–1g, calf 0,2–1 g.

Preparations (H): Activated carbon SANITAS 200 mg hard capsules (Sanitas, Lithuania). 1
caps. 200 mg. Isl. 10 tabl. blister, blister packs of 10 cardboard boxes. PHS activated carbon
250 mg tablets (UAB Corpus Medica, Lithuania). 1 tabl. 250 mg. Isl. 10 tabl. a blister or two-
layer tape. 1, or 10 blister strips of two-layer carton.

Talc (Talcum). This is a magnesium silicate (Mg3 (Si4O10) (OH) 2, released a very fine
powder. Light, a white insoluble powder, greasy to the touch it seems, adhere to the skin.
There is absorbed and drained. Externally, used for powder moist wounds, bed sores, burns,
dermatitis treatment and after castration. used pure or mixed with jodoformu, kseroformu or
other antimicrobial agents. Used as a filler pastes, and tablets of the production.

Magnesium oxide (Magnesii oxidum) - MgO, light, fluffy, white powder, insoluble in water.
Running adsorbed, precipitated by heavy metals, neutralizes acid. 1 g of magnesium oxide per
liter of adsorbed carbon dioxide. Stomach neutralizes hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid),
a magnesium chloride, which is a laxative. Administered by the Qatar hiperacidinio, acute
gastric dilation horses, rumen blowing and heavy metal salts, acids, arsenic and fluoride salts
apsinuodijusiems animal treatment. A distinction bolus, pill, and pap. Dose to the interior of
A, G, 10 to 25 g / Av and K 5-10 g / N 0.3 to 1 g. Given three times a day.

Magnesium trisilikatas (Magnesii trisilicas). White fine powder, insoluble in water, without
taste or smell. 1 g of magnesium in 155 ml of trisilikato neutralized by 0.1 N hydrochloric
acid. Digestive tract of magnesium trisilikato formed colloidal mass, which strongly absorb,
protect the lining of pepsin and hydrochloric acid exposure. Used to increase the acidity of the
interior, with ulcers in the stomach and intestine pirštėje-12 and neutralize acids. Dose inside
a 5-10 g g g 5-15, Av, M 1-3 grams, 0.3 to 1 g of N, K

Aluminum hydroxide (Aluminii oxidum hydricum). Al (OH) 3. White powder, water, a

colloidal solution - gel. Powder and used orally as a means of reducing the acidity, a wound in
the stomach, intestine pirštėje 12. Protects the lining from gastric irritant action, reduces
inflammation, ulcerative process pain. Colloidal particles absorb toxins and irritants, and
therefore can be used for vomiting, diarrhea, and suppress the body's reduction of
intoxication. Neutralize 1 gram of 2 Dogs and cats reduces phosphate absorption from the
gastrointestinal tract. Included in the "Almagelio" composition (aluminum
hydroxide gel, magnesium oxide, D-sorbitol), which is used for gastritis hiperacidinio case.
Sa Ka and oral (0.5 g tablets) 10-30 mg / kg (30-90 mg / kg) and 4%. gel: 5-10 ml every 8
hours Every 10 to 14 October it is necessary to check blood phosphate levels.

Leukopodis (Lycopodium). These are spores of Lycopodium clavatum L.- ground pines or
creeping cedar plant. Very fine, touching the greasy-looking, sticky to fingers, burning
without smoke, odorless and tasteless powder. It contains about 50% fatty oils and sugar.
Used single in moist ulcers, wounds, or in mixture with zinc oxide or talc. Bolus or pills are
sprinkled with these spores to make them slick or protect from rapid drying and adhesion.
Objective. To investigate the performance of activated carbon adsorbuojantį. Working tool.
Two tubes, 0.15  methylene blue (Sol. Methyleni coeruleum,-I) solution, activated carbon,
funnel, filter paper. Workflow. The addition of two tubes with 4 ml of methylene blue
solution and pour into a single 0.2 g of activated carbon, the two solutions should be well
shaken. Then both solutions filter through filter paper. To explain the results. Why after
filtering the resulting solution, which was added active