Explain the differences between "management" and "leadership".

People often mistake leadership and management as the same thing but in essence, they are
very different. The main difference between the two is that leaders have people that follow
them, while managers have people who simply work for them. For this question I will
basically discuss 5 differences between management and leadership in terms of definition,
function, personality styles, orientation and approaches to task, decision making and leader.
In terms of definition, management comprises directing and controlling a group of
one or more people or entities for the purpose of coordinating and harmonizing that group
towards accomplishing a goal. While leadership means "the ability of an individual to
influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of
the organizations of which they are members." So here, we can clearly see the different.
Secondly, they both of management and leadership has different function where the
leadership’s primary function is to produce change and movement management’s primary
function is to produce order and stability of the institution. For example, management
improves planning, organizing and implementing and institution activities and process in
ensuring college effectiveness. While the leadership are more to are visionaries, stay on the
front lines, spearhead the team, motivating and leading them to reach the goal.
Next, they are differ in personality styles. Management tend to be rational, under
control problem solvers. They often focus on goals, structures, personnel, and availability of
resources. Managers personalities lean toward persistence, strong will, analysis, and
intelligence. While leadership, are often called brilliant and mercurial, with great charisma.
Yet, they are also often seen as loners and private people. They are comfortable taking risks,
sometimes seemingly wild and crazy risks. Almost all leaders have high levels of
imagination.
The fourth difference is in terms of approaches to task where management create
strategies, policies, and methods to create teams and ideas that combine to operate
smoothly. They empower people by soliciting their views, values, and principles. They
believe that this combination reduces inherent risk and generates success. While, leadership
only simply look at problems and devise new, creative solutions. Using their charisma and
commitment, they excite, motivate, and focus others to solve problems and excel.
 The last differences can be seen in their roles in decision making where usuallly
management adopt centralization in their decision making. Management happens with one or
more decision makers for a particular unit/department/division/organization where there
exists a ‘thing’ to be managed, controlled, handled, directed or overseen. They makes the
decision and they are more dictatorial, authoritative, transactional, autocratic, consultative
and democratic For example in my institution, usually all the decision from Bahagian
Pengajian Tinggi MARA. They are using top-down approach. While for leadership more
adopting transformational, consultative & participative where the leader facilitates in decision
making and inspiring others through merely leading and injecting enthusiasm.
Last but not least, management is lead by manager while leadership lead by leader.
Managing and leading are two different ways of organizing people. Leadership is setting a
new direction or vision for a group that they follow for example a leader is the spearhead for
that new direction. On the other hand, management controls or directs people/resources in a
group according to principles or values that have already been established. The manager
uses a formal, rational method whilst the leader uses passion and stirs emotions.
In a nutshell, I can conclude, leadership is more about change, inspiration, setting
the purpose and direction, and building the enthusiasm, unity and 'staying-power' for the
journey ahead. Management is less about change, and more about stability and making the
best use of resources to get things done.

Would you consider the Head of your institution as a manager or a leader or both?
Support your opinion with specific examples. 
I am from KPM Bandar Melaka and the head of my institution is a woman named
Puan Mini Zanita Zakaria. I would consider her as a leader based on the way she lead our
institution in terms her roles in setting the goals and direction, decision making, control,
concern and focus.
For the first characteristic of a good leader in which can be seen in her roles setting
the goals and direction of our institution. For example, currently Puan Mini set a goals in
making KPMBM as one of the Halal Centre of Excellence (CoE). She as a leader participate in
all bench marking program to achieve her goal. Currently she makes amendment on KPMBM
vission and embedded professional as one of the core values of the KPMBM. This is actually
chellenging the new norms of KPMBM.
The second point of which makes me think Puan Mini is a leader not a manager is by
the way she makes decision and how she help us in makes decision especially to makes our
institution better. All the staff in all level can actually give our opinion in making KPMBM
better institution. For example, in making KPMBM as one of the Halal Centre of Excellent,
she facilitate us on how makes smartpartneship in other institution so, that we can have
better view and information on how to help the college. She is always visionaries, stay on
the front lines, spearhead the team, motivating and leading us to reach the goal.
The third point is she power the staff through her emotional intelligence of her
charisma and influence. Since Puan Mini allowed us to freely give opinion and suggestion
and actually walk the talk, her charisma create a positive environment inspiring others to
take action. Since a leader is not supposed to force or intimidate people to perform the
required tasks, so her charismatic skills makes her have follower and easy to manage the
staff in our college.
Next is what makes Puan Mini as a good leader is by her way of communication. She
always keep their team informed about what’s happening, both present and the future along
with any obstacles that stand in their way. For example, our college will conduct a Townhall
session with all the staff. Any changes of new rules, new goals or direction will be shared in
this session anyone can give suggestion to improve any system in the college in which she
thinks good for our college.
Lastly is, Puan Mini style of leading staff in our institution are transformational,
consultative and participative. In many things or event in college, she would actively
participate, give her opinion even in the small thing. For example, currently, my institution
received a visit from Food and Safety Division Minitry of Health for audit. The day before the
visit she check all the stuff, including the tentative, presentation slide by Halal Unit, even the
menu for the auditor.This is actually not big matter for us the staff to handle, but she
participate to the end of the audit session.

What style or model of management or leadership would you adopt if you are the
Head of your institution? Explain your choice.
As the head of Institution, I would adopt mixed of electic mixed of model and leader
ship style according to different level of institutional, departmental and staff level.
As for institutional level, I would adopt more of cultural and ambiguity where the
management structure and organisational culture of the institute provide ample evidence
that policy control and decision making are centralised in the position of myself as the
head of institution. I would allowed anyone to give suggestion but I will make the decision.
As for ambiguity model, I will adopt when my institution confront with something that is
unpredictable such as during COVID, at the instiutiononal level I would decide what best for
the teaching and learning in my institution.
 At the departmental level, I would adopt collegial model. Since even all the
departments or unit have different courses and programme, but during making decision, it
need to be done together since we carried out the same vison and mission of instituitional
goal and ahieve consensus in implementing the work together. For example in deciding the
coordinator file, all the head of department must sit together to use the same template or
even system such as the date to sent the lesson plan. So all the programme would have the
same template for coordinator file.

At the staff level I would adopt instructional leadership since we are the educational
institution. more on managing teaching and learning as the core activities of educational
institutions. Actually in my institution for the syllabus we liased directly with BPT MARA.
Strongly concerned with teaching and learning, including the professional learning of
teachers as well as student growth.

- He knows how to deal with people and to work cooperatively

- This refers to his ability to choose the right word to inspire & motivate people.
- This refers to PINOY’s ability to analyze the environmental conditions prevailing at
work & the external forces that affects the organization. He makes decision after evaluating
the facts & data gets his subordinates cooperation in the accomplishment of the task.

Management
Managers give directions
Managers have subordinates
Managers use an authoritarian
style
Leadership
Leaders ask questions
Leaders have followers
Leaders have a motivational style
Management Leadership
Managers tell people what to doLeaders show people what to do
Managers have good ideas Leaders implement good ideas
Managers react to change  Leaders create change
Leaders make heroes of everyone
Managers try to be heroes
around them
Managers exercise power over
Leaders develop power with people
people