Efficiency and power:

1. Output of a truck is 4500 J and its efficiency is 50%, input energy provided to truck is

A. 5000 J
B. 900 J
C. 9000 J
D. 500 J

2. Potential energy and kinetic energy are types of

A. Electrical energy
B. Magnetic energy
C. Thermal energy
D. Mechanical energyD

3. In a typical power station, amid a series of energy transfers and conversions, about 70% of
energy input gets wasted in form of thermal energy, efficiency of such a power station is about

A. 0.3
B. 0.4
C. 0.7
D. 1Answer A

4. A car uses total energy of 2500 J and output is 750 J. efficiency of car is

A. 50%
B. 30%
C. 25%
D. 80%nswer B

5. In order to do work, energy is

A. transferred or converted
B. used up
C. lost
D. lost or transferred

6. A certain solar panel is capable of absorbing 750J of light energy every second, and converting
150J of that energy into electrical energy.

a. How much energy is ‘wasted’ in the form of heat by the solar panel every second?

b. What is the efficiency of this solar panel?

7. A certain fan is capable of using 4800J of electrical energy each minute, converting 4000J of it
into kinetic energy of the fan. What is the efficiency of this fan?

8. 240J of electric energy flows into a certain light bulb every second, and some energy is
transformed into light energy while some ‘waste’ thermal energy is also generated. If 200J of
thermal energy is generated each second, what is the efficiency of this bulb?

9. A certain large wind turbine is able to transform 1,500,000J of mechanical energy into 1,000,000J
of electrical energy every second.

a. How much thermal energy does this turbine 'waste' each second?

b. Calculate the efficiency of this turbine.

10. The spin cycle of a clothes washer operates for 3minutes at a power of 300W. The useful output
from the washer is 40kJ. What is the efficiency of the washer? (note that 1kWh = 3600000J) ans:
73.3%

11. A machine lifts a mass of weight 490.5 N through a height of 12 m when 7.85 kJ of energy is
supplied to it. Determine the efficiency of the machine.

Work done in lifting mass = force × distance moved = weight of body × distance moved = 490.5 N ×
12 m = 5886 J = useful energy output

Energy input = 7.85 kJ = 7850 J

Efficiency, η = useful output energy / input energy = 5886 7850 = 0.75 or 75%

12. 25 kJ of work is done by a force in moving an object uniformly through 50 m in 40 s.

Calculate (a) the value of the force, and (b) the power.

(a) Work done = force × distance hence 25000 J = force × 50 m from which, force = 25000 J 50 m =
500 N

(b) Power = work done time taken = 25000 J 40s = 625 W

13. To what height will a mass of weight 500 N be raised in 20 s by a motor using 4 kW of power?

Work done = force × distance.

Hence, work done = 500 N × height.

Power = work done /time taken , from which, work done = power × time taken = 4000 W × 20 s =
80000 J

Hence, 80000 = 500 N × height, from which, height = 80000 J/ 500 N = 160 m

14. The potential energy of a mass is increased by 20.0 kJ when it is lifted vertically through a height
of 25.0 m. It is now released and allowed to fall freely. Neglecting air resistance, find its kinetic
energy and its velocity after it has fallen 10.0 m.
Potential energy of mass = 20.0 kJ = mgh from which, mass, m = 20000 /gh=20000 /(9.81)(25.0) =
81.55 kg

Potential energy after falling 10.0 m = mgh = (81.55)(9.81)(10.0) = 8000 J

Kinetic energy = potential energy = 8000 J = 8 kJ

Kinetic energy = ½ mv2 i.e. 8000 = ½ (81.55)v2 from which, v2=(2 ×8000)/81.55

and velocity after falling 10.0 m, v = (2 ×8000 /81.55) -1/2 = 14.0 m/s