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Chemistry Time allowed: 1 hour

Paper 2 Theory Total Marks: /45

Name: ___________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Read These Instructions First

Answer on the question paper. No extra paper is required.

Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a lead pencil for any diagrams or graphs.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A periodic table is provided at the end of the paper.

Good Luck!
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1. The elements in Group VII of the Periodic Table are called the halogens.
a. Explain why the elements in Group VII have similar chemical properties.

_____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ [1]

b. A redox reaction happens when chlorine gas is bubbled through aqueous potassium
iodide.

i. Describe what is observed during this reaction.

________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________ [1]

ii. Use the equation to explain that oxidation takes place in this reaction.

_______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________ [2]

iii. Use the equation to explain that reduction takes place in this reaction.

________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________ [2]

c. Chlorine reacts with iron to form iron (III) chloride in a closed container.
i. The pressure of chlorine is increased. Describe and explain what happens to
the rate of this reaction.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ [3]
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ii. Iron (III) chloride can act as a catalyst for some reactions. Explain how a
catalyst increases the rate of a reaction.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ [3]

2. A scientist investigates the reaction of iron with steam in a closed system.

A dynamic equilibrium mixture is established.

a. Explain why the concentrations of steam and of hydrogen do not change once the
dynamic equilibrium mixture has been established.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ [2]

b. The pressure of the equilibrium mixture is increased. The temperature of the closed
system is kept constant. Predict and explain what will happen, if anything, to the
composition of the equilibrium mixture.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ [2]

c. The temperature of the equilibrium mixture is increased. The pressure within the closed
system is kept constant.
i. The position of equilibrium shifts to the left hand side. What conclusion can be
made about the enthalpy change of the reaction?
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____________________________________________________________ [2]

ii. Describe and explain what happens to the rate of reaction.

______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ [2]

3. Ammonia is manufactured by the reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen in the Haber
process.
a. State the conditions used in the Haber process [2]
Temperature__________________________________________________

Pressure_____________________________________________________

Catalyst_____________________________________________________

b. Describe and explain the effect of increasing the pressure on the rate of this reaction.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ [2]

c. Explain how a catalyst speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ [2]

4. Carbon reacts with steam in a reversible reaction.

The reaction reaches equilibrium if carried out in a closed container.

a. Explain, in terms of bond breaking and bond forming, why this reaction is endothermic
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______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ [2]

b. Predict, with a reason, how the position of equilibrium of this reaction changes as the
i. pressure is increased at constant temperature,

_______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________ [2]

ii. temperature is increased at constant pressure

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________ [2]

5. Propanone, CH3COCH3, reacts with iodine, I2, to form colorless products.

The reaction is catalysed by hydrochloric acid. The table shows how the relative rate of this
reaction changes when different concentrations of propanone, iodine and hydrochloric acid
are used.
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a. Describe how increasing the concentration of each of these substances affects the relative
rate of reaction. [3]
Propanone ______________________________________________________________

Iodine _________________________________________________________________

Hydrochloric acid ________________________________________________________

b. Increasing the temperature increases the rate of this reaction. Explain why, in terms of
collision theory.

________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ [2]

c. Iodine has several isotopes. What are isotopes?

________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ [1]

d. Aqueous hydrogen iodide reduces hydrogen peroxide to water.

Explain how iodide ions act as a reducing agent in this reaction.

________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ [2]

6. A student reacts magnesium ribbon with excess hydrochloric acid. She follows the course
of the reaction by measuring the volume of gas produced against time.
a. Write the equation for the reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid.

___________________________________________________________________ [1]

b. On the axes below draw a sketch graph to show how the volume of gas produced
during the reaction varies with time and label this line ‘A’. Label the axes with the
appropriate units. [2]
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c. The student then carries out the experiment at a lower temperature. All the other
conditions remain the same. On the axes above draw another line to show how the
volume of gas produced varies with time and label this line ‘B’. [2]