AVIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY – AVS 2104

Answer all the questions given.

1) What is the right designation for ICAO and which Annex is related with aviation safety?

International Civil Aviation Organization and Annex 17 is related with aviation safety

2) Define the meaning of safety and security.

Safety is a condition or situation in which people feel safe and free from any threat or
danger. Security is the procedure or action taken to ensure the safety .

3) How is security related to safety?

Security leads towards safety @ The tighten the security the safer it will be.

4) Air marshal also acts as the last line of defense. Describe air marshal.

Air marshal is a federal agent who disguised like a passenger. Air marshal is allowed to
bring gun / weapon so that they can act or do something if hijacking occur.

5) There are a number of items that cannot be carried on a plane and some of them cannot be
packed in bag. List two (2) of the items:

Explosives, weapon, corrosives n many more

6) Airport need to be secured in order to prevent any untoward incidents from happening. Thus
many types of equipment have been used to protect airport and aviation industries. List down
two (2) equipments used for passenger screening.

i) Metal Detector

ii) Backscatter x-ray

 AVIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY – AVS 2104

7) Almost all airport metal detectors are based on PI system. What does PI stand for?

P = Pulse

I = Induction

8) Photo, identity card, passenger details (such as driving license, ticket) and passport must be
produced as it acts as the first line of defense. Why is it important to check all those items in
the first line of defense? Provide two (2) reasons

To avoid any false identity from passenger and to detect if there is any suspicious
person.

9) List down three (3) advantages of CT scan compared to Fluoroscopy machine.

(i) CT Scan can provide 2-D image from all angles and every side or edges of the bag.

(ii) The combination of 2-D images can produce 3-D image.

(iii)CT Scan can calculate mass and density of every object inside the bag. If the object
is fall under range of dangerous thing characteristic, it produce alarm/signal.

10) Backscatter x-ray is the latest x-ray technology base equipment use in the airport. There
are four more equipments that use x-ray technology. Name four (4) of them.
Computed Tomography (CT Scan), Single energy, dual energy, fluoroscopy

11) What is the definition of terrorist?

Terrorist is a person or group that use violence and usually for the political
purpose/view and for their own interest/benefit.
 AVIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY – AVS 2104

12) Aviation world is exposed to many potential threats. Terrorism and hijacking are two
examples of possible threats that might occur. Besides these two, name four (4) other
potential threats to the aviation industry.

Bird striking, icing, lightning, engine failure, volcanic ash, ground damage and etc

13) There are three main originators of threats. One of them is hostile nation-state. Name the
other two (2) originators and give two (2) examples of hostile nation state.

Threat originator: 1. Terrorist 2. Criminal. Example of hostile nation-state: Palestine-

Israel, Pakistan-India, North Korea-South Korea