CAD TECHNIQUES FOR RF ELECTROMAGNETICS

EXPERIMENT 01, NETWORK ANALYSER

INTRODUCTION:

The main objective of the experiment is to measure the S-parameters. S-parameters

have got an important position in the field of RF Electromagnetics. S-parameters
measurements are complex functions of frequency and are used for high-frequency
measurements, for example microwave design etc. S-parameters are defined and
measured with the ports terminated in characteristic reference impedance. Modern
network analyzers are well suited for measuring S-parameters. Because the networks
being analyzed are often employed by insertion in a transmission medium with
common characteristic reference impedance, S-parameters have the additional
advantage that they relate directly to commonly specified performance parameters
such as insertion gain and return loss. S-parameters can be easily measured using an
s-parameter test set. S-Parameters are the reflection and transmission coefficient of
waves, normalized to the incident wave. They describe the input/output behaviour of a
device under linear conditions at microwave frequencies. S-parameters are measured
based on properly terminated transmission lines (and not open/short Circuit
conditions).
Network analyzers have become one of the most important measurement tools for
characterizing the performance of high-frequency components and devices.
We used Hewlett Packard HP8720 Network Analyser to measure the S-parameters for
some simple devices. Beside this tool we used one another important tool, which is
coaxial cable with small SMA connectors. It should be remember that these cables
cannot be correctly mated unless tightened by a spanner (but not over tightened),
although hand tight is not good.

THEORY

RESULT
1. Amplitude response for matched load

0
-5 0 5E+09 1E+10 1.5E+1 2E+10 2.5E+1
0 0
-10
DB
-15
-20 Series1
-25 Series2
-30
-35
HZ
-40
-45

2. Amplitude open circuit

4
3
2

db 1
0 Series1
-1 0 5E+09 1E+10 1.5E+1 2E+10 2.5E+1 Series2
0 0
-2
hz
-3
-4
-5

3. Phase open circuit

 2.50E+02
2.00E+02
1.50E+02
dg
1.00E+02
5.00E+01
Series1
0.00E+00
Series2
-5.00E+01 0 5E+0 1E+1 2E+1 2E+1 3E+1
9 0 0 0 0
-1.00E+02
HZ
-1.50E+02
-2.00E+02
-2.50E+02

4. Phase matched load (106)

1.60E+02
1.40E+02
1.20E+02
DG
1.00E+02
8.00E+01
6.00E+01 Series1
4.00E+01 Series2
2.00E+01
0.00E+00
HZ
-2.00E+01 0 5E+0 1E+1 2E+1 2E+1 3E+1
-4.00E+01 9 0 0 0 0
-6.00E+01

5. Amplitude response RF cable 107

 Amplitude Response

0
0 5E+09 1E+10 1.5E+1 2E+10 2.5E+1
-5
0 0
-10
-15 dB
db

-20

-25
-30
f(Hz)

6. Forward Amplitude Response S11 jpg 00

7. Forward phase response S21 text109

 Forward Phase Response S21

0
0 5E+09 1E+10 1.5E+1 2E+10 2.5E+1
-10 0 0

-20 dB
dg

-30

-40
f(Hz)

8. Reverse Amplitude Response S12

Reverse Amplitude Response S12

0
0 5E+09 1E+10 1.5E+1 2E+10 2.5E+1
-10 0 0

-20 dB
db

-30

-40
Hz

9. Reverse phase response S22

Reverse Phase Response S22

0
-10 0 5E+09 1E+10 2E+10 2E+10 3E+10
-20
-30 dB
dg

-40
-50
-60
Hz
 PART TWO

REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION TEST SET

TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENT

In this section, we will investigate the transmission properties of a microwave

waveguide device. This is would be important in the design of microwave system to
ensure that the device operates correctly.

1. Attenuator at 0 dB, attenuation is –2.044 dB, Frequency 10GHz

Value of attenuation at 10 GHz

2
0
-2 0 5000000000 1E+10 1.5E+10
-4
dB

-6 dB
-8
-10
-12
-14
Hz

2. Attenuator 10 dB, Attenuation is –10.97dB, Frequency 10GHz

Value of attenuation at 10 GHz

0
0 5000000000 1E+10 1.5E+10
-5

-10
dB

dB
-15

-20

-25
Hz

3. Attenuator 20 dB, Attenuation is –28.00, at 10GHz

 Value of Attenuation at 10 GHz

0
0 5E+09 1E+10 1.5E+10
-10

-20
dB

dB
-30

-40

-50
Hz
.

4. Attenuator at 0 db and phase shifter range is set to 0 at 10 GHz frequencies the

response would be –2.2030 dB

5. Attenuator at 0 dB, phase shift range is set to 5, frequency 10 GHz the response
would be –1.1080
6. Attenuator at 0 dB, phase shift range is set to 10 dB, frequency at 10 GHz the
response would be –1.7070
7. Attenuator at 10 dB, phase shift range is set to 0 dB, frequency at 10 GHz the
response would be –12.220 dB

8. Attenuator at 10 dB, phase shift range is set to 5 dB, frequency at 10 GHz the
response would be –11.992 dB
9. Attenuator at 10 dB, phase shift range is set to 10 dB, frequency at 10 GHz the
response would be –11.697dB
10. Attenuator at 20 dB, phase shift range is set to 0 dB, frequency at 10 GHz the
response would be –27.628dB

11. Attenuator at 20 dB, phase shift range is set to 5 dB, frequency at 10 GHz the
response would be –27.608dB

12. Attenuator at 20 dB, phase shift range is set to 5 dB, frequency at 10 GHz the
response would be –27.006dB