Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
On the Move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Great Moves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Types of Physical Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Working Together for Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A Complete Activity Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Three Moves for Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Intensity Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Choosing Your Moves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Getting in Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Exploding the Myths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Taking Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Choosing the Right Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Smart Moves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Tracking Your Target Heart Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Finding Your Target Heart Rate Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A Sample Walking Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
A Sample Jogging Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Playing It Safe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Avoid Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Eat Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Check the Weather Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Taking Too Much Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Seek Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Contents
Staying Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Motivation Makers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Creating Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Family Fitness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Measuring Your Mileage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
To Learn More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1
On the Move
Chances are, you already know that physical activity is good for
you. “Sure,” you may say. “When I get out and move around, I
know it helps me to feel and look better.” But you may not realize
just how important regular physical activity is to your health.
The good news is that physical activity can protect your heart in a
number of important ways. Moreover, to get benefits, you don’t
have to run a marathon. Regular activity—something as simple as a
brisk, 30-minute walk each day—can help you to reduce your risk
of heart disease.
”
fit for the years ahead.
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you may want to reconsider. Let’s start with the ways that physical
activity affects your heart.
Risk factors are conditions or habits that make a person more likely
to develop a disease. They can also increase the chances that an
existing disease will get worse. Certain risk factors for heart
disease, such as getting older or having a family history of early
heart disease, can’t be changed. But physical inactivity is a major
risk factor for heart disease that you have control over. You can
make a decision to get regular physical activity, and this booklet can
help you create a workable, enjoyable program that will help you
protect your heart.
Other major risk factors for heart disease that you can change are
smoking, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, overweight,
and diabetes. (See the box, “You Have Control,” on page 6.)
Every risk factor counts. Research shows that each individual risk
factor greatly increases the chances of developing heart disease and
having a heart attack. A damaged heart can damage your life, by
interfering with enjoyable activities and even keeping you from
doing simple things, such as taking a walk or climbing steps.
But it’s important to know that you have a lot of power to protect
your heart health. (See the box, “Eight Tips for Heart Health,” on
page 7.) Getting regular physical activity is an especially important
part of your healthy heart program, because physical activity both
directly reduces your heart disease risk and reduces your chances
Physical Activity and Your Health
Smoking. People who smoke are up to six times more likely to suffer a
heart attack than nonsmokers, and the risk increases with the number of
cigarettes smoked each day. Quitting will greatly reduce your risk.
Check with local community groups for free or low-cost programs
designed to help people stop smoking.
your health. The good news: Losing just 5–10 percent of your current
weight will help to lower your risk of heart disease and many other
medical disorders.
Diabetes greatly increases your risk for heart disease, stroke, and other
serious diseases. Ask your doctor whether you should be tested for it.
Many people at high risk for diabetes can prevent or delay the disease
by reducing calories as part of a healthy eating plan, and by becoming
more physically active. If you already have diabetes, work closely with
your doctor to manage it.
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heart disease.
Physical Activity: The Calorie Connection
One way that regular physical activity protects against heart disease
is by burning extra calories, which helps you to lose excess weight
or stay at your desirable weight. To understand how physical
activity affects calories, it is helpful to consider the concept of
“energy balance.” Energy balance is the amount of calories you take
in relative to the amount of calories you burn. Per week, you need
to burn off about 3,500 more calories than you take in to lose
1 pound. If you need to lose weight for your health, regular
physical activity can help you through one of two approaches.
First, you can choose to eat your usual amount of calories, but be
more active. For example, a 200-pound person who keeps on
eating the same amount of calories, but begins to walk briskly
each day for 11/2 miles, will lose about 14 pounds in 1 year. Staying
active will also help to keep the weight off.
Physical Activity and Your Health
Second, you can eat fewer calories and be more active. This is the
best way to lose weight, since you’re more likely to be successful
by combining a healthful, lower-calorie diet with physical activity.
For example, a 200-pound person who consumes 250 fewer calories
per day, and begins to walk briskly each day for 11/2 miles, will lose
about 40 pounds in 1 year.
Most of the energy you burn each day—about three quarters of it—
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■ Builds stamina.
■ Improves balance.
Regular physical activity can also boost the way you feel. It may:
Your Guide to Physical Activity and Your Heart
■ Build confidence.
■ Allow you to fall asleep more quickly and sleep more soundly.
Hiking 370
Light gardening/yard work 330
Dancing 330
Golf (walking and carrying clubs) 330
Bicycling (less than 10 mph) 290
Walking (3.5 mph) 280
Weight lifting (light workout) 220
Stretching 180
Running/jogging 590
Bicycling (more than 10 mph) 590
Swimming (slow freestyle laps) 510
Aerobics 480
Walking (4.5 mph) 460
Heavy yard work (chopping wood, 440
for example)
Weight lifting (vigorous workout) 440
Basketball (vigorous) 440
Source: Adapted from the 2005 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report
Physical Activity and Your Health
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L I LY KRAMER
Great Moves
While aerobic activities benefit the heart most, all three types of
Great Moves
A Complete
Activity Program
A Sample Weekly Schedule
Intensity Levels
Great Moves
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RICARDO ELEY
Getting in Motion
Even when you know physical activity is good for you, it’s easy to
keep dragging your feet—literally. We all have reasons to stay
inactive, but sometimes those reasons are based more on myth than
reality. Here are some of the most common myths about physical
activity and ways to replace them with a more realistic, can-do spirit.
Physical activity does take some time, but there are ways to make
it manageable. If you don’t have 30 minutes in your daily schedule
for an activity break, try to find three 10-minute periods. If you’re
aiming for 60 minutes daily—a good goal if you’re trying to avoid
Getting in Motion
weight gain—perhaps you can carve out some “fitness time” early
in the day, before your schedule gets too busy. Another idea is to
combine physical activity with a task that’s already part of your
daily routine, such as walking the dog or doing yard chores.
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Once you begin regular physical activity, you’re likely to have even
more energy than before. As you progress, daily tasks will seem
easier. Regular, moderate-to-brisk physical activity can also help you
to reduce fatigue and manage stress.
Myth 3: “The older you are, the less physical activity you need.”
Most people become less physically active as they age, but keeping
fit is important throughout life. Regular physical activity increases
older people’s ability to perform routine daily tasks and to stay
independent longer. No matter what your age, you can find a
physical activity program that is tailored to your particular fitness
level and needs.
Taking Precautions
If you’ve been inactive for a while, you may want to start with
walking, biking, or swimming at a comfortable pace. Beginning
with less strenuous activities will allow you to become gradually
more fit without straining your body. If you’re not sure how
physically fit you are, you may want to visit a qualified exercise
professional at a local health club or recreation center to receive a
fitness assessment. A brief series of physical tests can estimate your
current aerobic capacity, strength, and flexibility, as well as measur-
ing your height, weight, and blood pressure. This information can
give you a good picture of the shape you’re in and allow you to
choose activities and goals that are right for you.
■ Ask to speak to a few current clients to find out about the quality,
size, and availability of sessions.
BILL KIRWAN
■ Find out about all costs in advance. Fees for fitness services
can vary greatly, so be sure to do a cost comparison of gyms
and fitness professionals in your area.
Do you feel more like being active in the morning, afternoon, or evening?
If you can, schedule your workouts for times when you feel reasonably
energetic. Remember that physical activity sessions can be spread out
over the day and needn’t take more than 10 minutes at a time.
Smart Moves
Once you find a physical activity that’s a good match for you,
you’re ready for action! But be sure to pace yourself. Each session
to condition your heart and lungs should include the following:
Be active. Slowly increase your physical activity time until you reach
your goal of 30 to 60 minutes daily. To condition your heart and
lungs, you should engage in your activity in your “target heart rate
zone.” (See “Tracking Your Target Heart Rate” on page 24.) But
don’t focus on big goals in the beginning. If you haven’t been active
in a while, you might start with just 5–10 minutes of activity per
day—or whatever amount of time you’re comfortable with. Build
up gradually. Enjoy yourself.
■ Calf wall push. Stand facing a wall, about 11/2 feet away from
it. Then lean forward and push your hands against the wall,
keeping your heels flat. Count to 10 (or to 20 for a longer
stretch). Rest. Repeat.
■ Hamstring toe touch. Place your right leg level with your hip
on a stair, chair, or other steady object. With your other leg
slightly bent, lean forward and slowly try to touch your right
toe with your right hand. Hold and count to 10 or 20. Repeat
with your left hand. Then switch legs and repeat with each hand.
Rest. Repeat the entire stretch.
■ Overhead triceps stretch. Bend your right elbow and use your
left arm to bring it up behind your head. You should feel a
gentle stretch on the outside of your upper right arm. Hold for
10 to 20 seconds. Repeat with the left elbow behind your head.
Rest. Repeat.
Your Guide to Physical Activity and Your Heart
As you become more physically active, how will you know whether
you’re improving your heart and lung fitness? The best way is to
track your target heart rate during your activity. Your target heart
rate is a percentage of your maximum heart rate, which is the fastest
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your heart can beat, based on your age. Unless you’re in excellent
physical condition, any physical activity that boosts your heart
rate above 75 percent of your maximum rate is likely to be too
strenuous. By the same token, any activity that increases your heart
rate to less than 50 percent of your maximum rate gives your heart
and lungs too little conditioning.
Keep in mind that “getting into the zone” doesn’t mean pushing
yourself to the limit. For example, while walking briskly or jogging,
you should be able to keep up a conversation without trouble.
If you can’t, move a bit more slowly. Overall, a gentle, gradual
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■ As soon as you stop your activity, place the tips of your first
two fingers lightly over one of the two blood vessels on your
neck, located to the left and right of your Adam’s apple.
Another convenient pulse spot is on the inside of your wrist,
just below the base of your thumb.
During each week of the program, try to walk briskly at least 5 days per
week. Always start with a 5-minute, slower-paced walk to warm up,
and end with a 5-minute, slower-paced walk to cool down. (Warm-up
and cool-down sessions totaling 10 minutes are included in the “total
time” column.) As you walk, check your pulse periodically to see
whether you’re moving within your target heart rate zone.
As you become more fit, try to walk within the upper range of your
Getting in Motion
As you become more fit, try to jog within the upper range of your target zone.
Gradually, increase your jogging time from 20 to 30 minutes (or up to 60 min-
utes, if you wish). Keep track of your goals—and keep on enjoying yourself.
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JOSE HENRIQUEZ
Playing It Safe
By and large, physical activity is a very safe way to help protect your
heart. But like anything else you do, getting fit requires taking a few
common-sense precautions. Following are some important safety tips:
Avoid Injury
■ If you jog or walk on the street, watch for cars. Wear light-
colored clothing with a reflecting band at night so that drivers
can see you more easily. Always face oncoming traffic. Remember,
drivers can’t see you as well as you can see their cars.
Playing It Safe
Eat Right
On cold days:
■ When dressing for outdoor activity, wear one layer less than you’d
wear if you were outside but not physically active. Ideally wear
several layers of clothing rather than one heavy jacket, so you can
remove a layer if you get too warm.
Dizziness Dizziness
Headache Headache
Nausea Nausea
Confusion Confusion
Body temperature below normal Muscle cramps
Sweating stops
High body temperature
Seek Company
■ Check out the hours of nearby shopping malls. Many malls are
open early and late for people who prefer to walk or jog at those
times of day, but in a safe, well-lit area. (Indoor malls also make
it possible to stay active during summer heat, winter cold, and
allergy seasons.)
get right back on the “activity track.” But do wait until you recover.
If you come down with a minor illness, such as a cold, wait until
you feel normal before you resume your activity. If you suffer a
minor injury, wait until the pain disappears before continuing.
When you do resume your fitness sessions, start at one-half to
two-thirds of your previous level, depending on the number of days
you’ve missed and how you feel while moving.
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Playing It Safe
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JEANETTE GUYTON-KRISHNAN
AND IAN
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tennis, baseball, and soccer.
NOT FINAL
Your Guide to Physical Activity and Your Heart
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Staying Active
Motivation Makers
for the gym, yoga class, or walking trail on the way home.
Make a “personal activity checklist” and stick it on the fridge
or another spot where you’ll see it daily.
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■ Recall your original reasons for getting fit. Why did you decide
to start your activity program in the first place? Do these
reasons still apply, or are others now more important? Taking a
look at your original goals and desires can help to rev up your
motivation, or allow you to pinpoint where to make changes.
If you find that you’re no longer enjoying a particular activity,
consider trying out a new one.
Creating Opportunities
It’s easier to stay physically active over time if you take advantage of
everyday opportunities to move around. For example:
■ Park a few blocks from the office or store and walk the rest of the
way. If you take public transportation, get off a stop or two early
and walk a few blocks.
■ Do housework, gardening, or
yard work at a more vigorous
pace.
Family Fitness
When it comes to getting in shape, what’s good for you is good for
your whole family. Children and teenagers should be physically active
for at least 60 minutes per day. A great way to pry kids off the
couch—and help you to stay fit as well—is to do enjoyable activities
together. Some ideas:
● Kick up your heels. Take turns picking out your favorite music
and dance up a storm in the living room.
● Explore the outdoors. Hit your local trail on weekends for some
biking or hiking. Pack a healthy lunch and let the kids choose the
picnic spot.
● Get classy. Join family members in an active class, such as
martial arts, yoga, or aerobics.
● Play pupil. Ask one of your children or grandchildren to teach you
an active game or sport. Kids love to be the experts—and you'll get
a workout learning a new activity!
● Use online resources. Check out the “We Can!” Web site at
http://wecan.nhlbi.nih.gov—There you’ll find more family-friendly
ideas for making smart food choices, increasing physical activity,
and reducing “screen time” in front of the TV and other electronic
attractions. Staying Active
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■ Keep moving while you watch TV. Lift hand weights, do some
gentle yoga stretches, or pedal an exercise bike.
To Learn More
Also, check out these NHLBI Web sites and Web pages: