CALCULATION OF LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF PILE

Founding Level = RL -28.5

MSL = RL -4.339
diameter of pile = 1.5 m
Depth of over burden considered = 20d = 20 X 1.5

Vertical load carrying capacity

As per IRC:78-2014

Axial load carrying capacity of pile is given by

Qu = Ru + Rf

Where Ru = ultimate base resistance

Rf = Ultimate shaft resistance Ng
The ultimate base resistance of pile as follows
Ru = Ap Nc Cp +Ap(0.5 D Ng +Pq Nq)
= X' + Y' where
X' = ApNcCp
Y' = Ap X (0.5 XD X ϒ x Nϒ
The ultimate side resistance of pile due to friction as follows
Rf = a C' As + K Pdi tanδ Asi
= X + Y a C' As
X = K Pdi tanδ Asi

Ap = Cross section of pile toe

Nc = Bearing capacity usually taken as 9
Cp = Avg cohesion of pile tip
Ap = Reduction factor
C' = Average cohesion through out pile length
As = Surface area of pile shaft
Ap = Cross sectional area of pile toe
D = Stem diameter
δ = effective unit weight of soil at pile toe
Pd= = effective over burden pressure at pile toe
K = coefficient of earth pressure
Pdi = effective over burden pressurefor the ith layer
d = angle of friction between pile and soil in degrees
Asi = surface area of pile stem in the ith layer where I varies from 1 to n

Layer level C f Moisture Bulk Specific Dry void ratio saturated

content density gravity density density

-4.339 t/m2 degrees ratio t/m3 t/m3

1 -5.924 2.5 12 0.22 1.872 2.65 1.53 0.727 1.955
 2 -10.924 2.5 13.5 0.2 1.881 2.65 1.57 0.691 1.976
3 -13.424 0 20 0.18 1.89 2.65 1.60 0.654 1.997
4 -18.724 0 20 0.19 1.908 2.65 1.60 0.653 1.998
5 -19.224 2.5 6 0.19 1.883 2.66 1.58 0.681 1.987
6 -21.424 0 12.5 0.18 1.887 2.64 1.60 0.651 1.993
7 -22.924 0 20 0.18 1.916 2.64 1.62 0.626 2.009
8 -26.924 3 6 0.23 1.862 2.6 1.51 0.718 1.932
9 -28.5 0 20 0.14 1.796 2.66 1.58 0.688 1.983

Q safe due tp frictiom

Layer level depth of Y
strata for Avg over
a C Asi a C' As k burden K Pdi
over
burden t/m2 pressure tanδ Asi
0 -4.339 3
1 -5.924 1.585 0.3 2.5 7.469 5.602 1.5 0.757 1.80
2 -10.924 5 0.3 2.5 23.562 17.671 1.5 3.954 33.55
3 -13.424 2.5 0.3 0 11.781 0.000 1.5 7.641 49.15
4 -18.724 5.3 0.3 0 24.976 0.000 1.5 11.533 157.26
5 -19.224 0.5 0.3 2.5 2.356 1.767 1.5 14.425 5.36
6 -21.424 2.2 0.3 0 10.367 0.000 1.5 15.765 54.35
7 -22.924 1.5 0.3 0 7.069 0.000 2.5 17.614 113.29
8 -26.924 5.5 0.3 3 25.918 23.326 1.5 20.094 82.11
9 -28.5 1.576 0.3 0 7.427 0.000 1.5 26.785 108.60

-30.75
Q safe due end bearing
Pile diameter = 1.5 m
K = 1.5
a = 0.3

Qu safe due to end bearing

End bearing capacity pile at foundation level

Ap X (0.5 XD X ϒ x Nϒ+ Pd XNq)+ApNcCp

End bearing capacity of pile at founding level

For cohesive soil End bearing capacity of pile at founding level
Ap Nc Cp For Granular soil
Ap = 1.767146 Ap = 1.7671
Nc = 6 D = 1.5
Cp = 0 Pd = 23.754
Qultimate = 0 ϒ = 1
f = 20
Corrected N value Nq = 6.4
Ng = 5.39
Q ultimate= 275.80

Ultimate capacitydue to end bearing = 275.80

Q safe due to end bearing = 275.80 / 2.5 = 110.32

Total Qsafe = X + Y

= 371.86 Ton
 = 30 m

2.25 X 2.25 X
= 75.8565

2.25 X 2.25 X
5.239688

0.785398 X 0.5625 X
26.50719
For cohesive soil
For Granular Soil
107.6034

For cohesive soil

For Granular Soil

es from 1 to n

submerge depth of length over cumulativ Avg over Avg SPT

d density strata for burden e over burden value 'N'
over pressure burden pressure
burden pressure

0.955 1.585 1.585 1.514 1.514 0.757 CLAYEY SAND

 0.976 5 6.585 4.880 6.394 3.954 CLAY WITH GRAVELS
0.997 2.5 9.085 2.493 8.887 7.641 SAND n>30
0.998 5.3 14.385 5.291 14.179 11.533 CLAY
0.987 0.5 14.885 0.494 14.672 14.425 CLAYEY SAND
0.993 2.2 17.085 2.186 16.858 15.765 SAND
1.009 1.5 18.585 1.513 18.371 17.614
0.932 8.2 22.585 7.639 26.010 20.094
0.983 1.576 24.161 1.549 27.559 26.785

Factor of
QU= safety
X+Y 2.5
t t

45

654 261.5

BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS

f Nc Nq Ng
0 5.14 1 0
5 6.49 1.57 0.45
10 8.35 2.47 1.22
N value boring Driven 15 10.98 3.94 2.65
<4 0.7 1 20 14.83 6.4 5.39
4 to 8 0.5 0.7 25 20.72 10.66 10.88
8 to 15 0.4 0.4 30 30.14 18.4 22.4
> 15 0.3 0.3 35 46.12 33.3 48.03
40 75.31 64.2 109.41
45 138.88 134.88 271.76
50 266.89 319.07 762.89

25
of pile at founding level

m2
m

27.25333 10 30
t 15 31.2
20 33
25 34.8
30 36
35 37.2
t 40 38.5
45 39.8
50 40.8
55 41.8
60 42.6
65 43
139.5029 70 44
189.918 75 44.2
77 44.3
 1.6 X 9.365

1.15 X 0.9

2.5 X 24
237.6714 t/m3

6.25 N/mm2
2.0 Material Properties ( As per IRC:112)

Grade of Concrete = M 25
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Ecm) = 25000 N/mm²
Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete (єcu3) = 0.0035
Partial material safety factor for concrete (gm) = 1.5 Basic
Concrete

Tensile Strength of Concrete(fctm) = 3.7 N/mm²

Coeff. to consider the influence of the concret strength (a) = 0.67 Cube
Factor (l ) = 0.8
Factor (h) = 1.0
ABUTMENT

fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 11.17 N/mm²

coefficient of friction (μ) = 0.05

Grade of Steel = Fe 500 N/mm²

Modulus of elasticity of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000 N/mm²
Partial material safety factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15 Basic
Ultimate tensile strain in the steel (єs) = fy/(gs x Es)+0.002 = 0.00417391304
Steel

Modular ratio ae =(Es/Ecm) = 8.00

Grade of Concrete = M 35
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Ecm) = 34000 N/mm²
Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete (єcu3) = 0.0035
Partial material safety factor for concrete (gm) = 1.5 Basic
Concrete

Tensile Strength of Concrete(fctm) = 3.3 N/mm²

Coeff. to consider the influence of the concret strength (a) = 0.67 Cube
Factor (l ) = 0.8
Factor (h) = 1.0
fcd = (a*fck/gm)
FOOTING

= 15.63 N/mm²
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 12.51 N/mm²

Grade of Steel = Fe 500 N/mm²

Modulus of elasticity of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000 N/mm²
Partial material safety factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15 Basic
Ultimate tensile strain in the steel (єs) = fy/(gs x Es)+0.002 = 0.00417391304
Steel

Modular ratio ae =(Es/Ecm) = 5.88

Design yield strength of shear rein. fywd = 0.8*fyk/gs = 348 N/mm²
 Steel
Density of Reinforced Concrete = 2.5 t / m3 Density of Soil = 1.8 t / m²
3
Density of Water = 1.00 t/m
 0.3 0
3.870 60 m F.L. 8.115
0.415 0.3 R.L. 8.115
0.623 R.L. 7.700
0.208 R.L. 7.492
0.300 0.3 0.73 1.07 R.L. 7.192
0.000 R.L. 7.192
2.1 0.15 6.18
2.788 5.492 0.853 2.165 H.F.L. 1.700
2.10
1 : 2
-3.627
3.870 4.83 0
2.1 R.L. 5.327
2.250 0
cg of cap R.L. 3.077
0.5 Top plug L.W.L. 3.077

0.5 Bed level 3.000

5.40 M.S.L. -4.339

1.5

F.L. -28.500

DESIGN DATA

For 60 m Span on one side

Dead load of superstructure coming on pier : 102.000 T
Live load from superstructure coming on pier : 58.000 T
Effective span length : 60 m
Overall span length : 60 + 2 x 0.73 = 61.46
Expansion gap : 0m
C/C length of span : 61.46 + 0 = 61.46 m
Depth of Beam : 0.340 m
Type of bearings Roller rocker
Weight of bearings 3T
Nos of Neoprene bearings N = 3 nos
Length of bearing L = #N/A mm
Width of bearing W = #N/A mm
Height of bearing T = #N/A mm
Thickness of each steel plate = #N/A mm
Nos of internal elastomeric layers = #N/A

Thickness of each internal elastomeric layer = #N/A mm

Shear modulous of elastomeric bearing G = 0.009 T/cm2
Coefficient of thermal expansion of RCC a = 1.17E-05
Change of temperature t = 17
Shrinkage coefficient Es = 0.0002
Projection of pedestal beyond bearing : 0.100 m
Straight length of pier = 8.400 m
Curved length of pier = 0.000 m
Thickness of dirt wall = 0.300 m
Projection of pier cap beyond pedestal : 0.150 m
Length of pedestal #N/A m
Width of pedestal #N/A m

Mean velocity 2.7 m/s

Height of paraphet wall 0.9 m
Width of carriage way 4.25 m
minimu clearance between road and kerb(for 70 R LOAD) 1.2 m
minimu clearance between road and kerb(class A) 0.15 m
minimum clearance between vehicle (For class A) 1.2 m
width of class A vehicle 1.8 m
eccentricity 0.675
Length of pile cap 10.8 m
width of pile cap 10.8 m
PARAMETERS OF BACKFILL
Angle of internal friction ( f ) = 45 °
Angle of wall friction ( d ) = 22.5 °
Angle of surcharge ( b ) = 0°
Angle of Internal wall slope ( a ) = 0°
Unit weight of soil ( g d ) = 1.8 t/m3
Design velocity = 2 m/s
Unit weight of submerged soil ( g= 1 t/m3

Density of Reinforced Concrete = 2.5 t / m3

Density of Water = 1.00 t / m3

Density of drySoil = 1.8 t / m²

Density of submerged soil = 1 t / m²

No of piles along longitudinal direction = 3

No of piles along the transverse direction = 3
Dia of piles = 1.5 m
c/c between the pile = 4.5
Projection of pile beyond pile cap = 0.15
Lateral Pressure Acting on pile on DRY Condition
Pressure diagram
Angle of Shear Resistance = 30 m/s Top of formation level 9

Ka = 0.333
0.719
Dia of pile = 1.00 m
Bottom of foundation 0
Lateral Pressure Acting on pile on DRY Condition

Pressure at bottom of foundation level = 0.333 X 1.8 X 9

5.3946 t

Force on pile due to earth fill = 0.5 X 5.39 X 9.00 X 1.00

= 24.2757 t

Acting at RL = 0+ 0.333 X 9
3.78 m

Pressure due to live load surcharge = 0.333 X 1.20 X 1.80

= 0.719 t
= 9X 1.00 X 0.719
Force on pile due to live load surcharge = 6.474 t

Acting RL = 4.5 m

Moment about
Earth load Force(t) Acting at Rl bottom of open
foundation

Active earth Force on

24.28 3.78 91.76
Pile due to eathfill

Active earth force on

pile due to live load 6.47 4.50 29.13
surcharge

sum 30.75 120.89

ressure diagram

5.39
 Lateral Pressure Acting on pile on submerged Condition
Pressure diagram
Angle of Shear Resistance = 30 m/s Top of formation level 9

Ka = 0.333
0.400
Dia of pile = 0.60 m
Bottom of foundation 0

Pressure at bottom of foundation level = 0.333 X 1X 9

2.997 t/m2/m

Force on pile due to earth fill = 0.5 X 3.00 X 9.00 X 0.60

= 8.0919 t

Acting at RL = 0+ 0.333 X 9
= 2.997 m

Pressure due to live load surcharge = 0.333 X 1.20 X 1.00

= 0.400 t
= 9X 0.60 X 0.400
Force on pile due to live load surcharge = 2.158 t

Acting RL = 4.5 m

Pressure at bottom of foundation level due to = 1X 1X 9

water = 9 t/m2/m

Force on pile due to earth fill = 0.5 X 9.00 X 9.00 X 0.60

= 24.3 t

Acting at RL = 0+ 0.333 X 9
= 2.997 m
Moment about
Earth load Force(t) Acting at Rl bottom of open
foundation( tm)

Active earth Force on

8.09 3.00 24.25
Pile due to eathfill

Active earth force on

pile due to live load 2.16 4.50 9.71
surcharge

Active earth Force on

Pile due to water 24.30 3.00 72.83
pressure

sum 34.55 106.79

ressure diagram

5.39
 LIVE LOAD CALCULATION FOR

Live load = 0 70 R
= 58 CLASSA
FOR 70R LOADING
8 12 12 17 17 17 17
3.9 1.52 2.13 1.37 3.05 1.37
A
o B
60.00

cg of loading from o = 17 X 1.37 + 17 X 4.42 + 17 X 5.79

+ 12 X 7.92 + 12 X 9.44 + 8X 13
100
= 5.12 m

Maximum reaction Rb = 91.47

= 0.0 t

Maximum ML = ( 0.0 X 0.3

= 0 tm

Maximum MT = 0.0 x 0.68

= 0 tm

FOR Class A loading 2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8

1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3 3 3

A
B
60

cg of loading from o = 6.8 X 3+ 6.8 X 6+ 6.8 X 9

+ 11.4 X 13.3 + 11.4 X 14.5 + 2.7 X 17.7 + 2.7 * 18.8
55.4
= 8.79 m

Maximum reaction Rb =( 65.01 ) X 2

= 58.0 t

Maximum ML =( 58.0 X 0.3 )

= 17.4 tm
1 lane loading
Maximum MT = 29.0 x 1.08
= 0 tm

2 lane loading
Maximum MT = 29.0 X 1.08 + 29.0 X -1
= 0 tm
 -ve towards approach
1 .Dead load
Liver arm Transverse Longitudinal Transverse
Live arm about Longitudinal moment @
Load Vertical load about moment @ moment @ moment @ Remarks
bottom of Abutment bottom of bottom of pile
Abutment pile cap Abutment base base pile cap cap
a Due to super structure 102 0.02 0.5 2.04 0 -51 0
b Due to bearing 3 0.02 0.5 0.06 0 -1.5 0
c Due to abutment cap 15.66 0 -0.48 0 0 0 0
d Due to pier shaft 82.2465 0 -0.48 0 0 -39.47832 0
e Due to Pile cap 656.1 NA 0 0 0 0
f Due to wing wall 4.2128325 0 -16.53928785 LWL
g Due to back fill 163.1 0 -3.465 -565.27368
Due to earth pressure 40.0 0 2.18 87.3009401
Due to earth pressure 47.0 0 -1.351555 -63.45740829

Sum 1113.4 0.04 2.10 0 -649.95 0

2 .LIVE load

Live arm Liver arm Longitudinal Transverse

about moment @ Longitudinal Transverse
Load Vertical load about moment @ moment @ moment @ Remarks
bottom of Abutment
Abutment pile cap Abutment base base bottom of bottom of pile
pile cap cap
a Class 70 R loading 0 0.02 0.5 0.0 0 0.000 0
b Class A loading(2 lane) 0.00 0.02 0.5 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.00 LWL/HF
c Class A loading(1 lane) 72.50 0.02 0.5 1.5 0.00 -36.250 0.00 L
Sum 72.5 0.06 1.450 0.00 -36.250 0.000

3.Braking Force
Horizontal Transverse
Longitudinal Longitudinal Transverse
Load Vertical load load(Along Acting RL moment @ moment @
longitudinal moment @ moment @ Remarks
Abutment base Abutment bottom of bottom of pile
direction) base
pile cap cap
a Class 70 R loading 0 0.00 7.7 0.000 0 0.000 0
b Class A loading(2 lane) 0.00 10.870 9.315 43.350 0 67.807 0.00
LWL/HFL
c Class A loading(1 lane) 0.00 6.97 9.315 27.776 0 43.448 0.00
Sum 0 10.87 43.350 0.00 -67.807 0.000

4.Lateral loads

Horizontalforce Horizontal Transverse

Longitudinal Longitudinal Transverse
Load (Along force(Along Acting RL moment @ moment @
transverse longitudinal Abutment moment @ moment @ Remarks
direction) direction) Abutment base base bottom of bottom of pile
pile cap cap
a Earth pressure 0.00 30.75 120.893 0.00 0.000 0.00 LWL
b Wind force #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 62.55 LWL
C Seismic force 161.00 161.00 45.855 45.85 408.107 #REF! LWL
 Pier Design
Longitudinal Transverse Moment
Description Axial force Longitudinal force (t) Transverse force (t)
Moment (t-m) (t-m)
Superstructure 202.9065 2.1 0.00 0.00 0
Live Load 72.5 1.45 0.00 0.00 0
Braking Force 43.34956 0.00 10.87 0
Wind - LWL 11.98 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
Wind - kWL #N/A 0.00 0.00
Seismic 45.85455225 45.85 161.00 161.00
Eartk Pressure - LWL 120.892986 0.00 30.75
Eartk Pressure - kWL 0.00 0.00
Water current force 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
Description LC-1 LC-2 LC-3 LC-4 LC-5 LC-6 LC-7 LC-8 LC-9 LC-10 LC-11 LC-12 LC-13
Superstructure 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35
Live Load 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Wind - LWL 1.50
Wind - kWL 1.50
Seismic - Longitudinal 1.50 1.50 0.75 0.75
Seismic - Transverse 1.50 1.50 0.75
Eartk Pressure - LWL 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.50
Eartk Pressure - kWL 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.50
Water current force (Long.) 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Description Longitudinal Transverse Moment Longitudinal force (t)

Axial force Transverse force (t)
Moment (t-m) (t-m)
Load Combination - 1 382.67 251.374 0.000 62.429 0.000
Load Combination - 2 5.01 70.03 0.00 16.31 0.00
Load Combination - 3 400.64 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
Load Combination - 4 #N/A 70.03 0.00 16.31 0.00
Load Combination - 5 288.42 201.47 68.78 274.43 241.50
Load Combination - 6 288.42 80.58 68.78 243.68 241.50
Load Combination - 7 80.58 80.58 68.78 243.68 241.50
Load Combination - 8 80.58 80.58 68.78 243.68 241.50
Load Combination - 9 2.84 2.84 0.00 0.00 0.00
Load Combination -10 37.23 37.23 34.39 120.75 120.75
Load Combination -11 37.23 37.23 34.39 120.75 120.75
Load Combination - 12 2.84 2.84 0.00 0.00 0.00
Load Combination - 13 37.23 37.23 34.39 120.75 120.75
#N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

Design for ULS - Strengtk

DEPTk CkECK
Overall deptk provided = 2.100 m
Cover provided = 50.000 mm
Reinforcement bars provided = 25.000 mm
Effective deptk provided = 2.038 m
Fck = M 25
b = 8.400 m
Minimum steel = 0.0012

#N/A x 1E+07 R = 0.1658 x fck

dreq = =
4.145 x 8400 = 0.166 X 25
= 4.15 MPa
= #N/A ### 2037.5 mm ###

Mu,lim = 0.1658 x fck x b x d2

= 14454 t-m/m ###
 CALCULATION OF REINFROCEMENT

R=√(&𝑀𝑢/(𝐹𝑐𝑘 𝑏 𝑑^2 ))

R = #N/A
25 X 8400 X 4151406.25

= #N/A

Pt = #N/A

Ast = #N/A X 8400 X 2037.5

= #N/A mm2 fyk = = Mpa

No of steels required = #N/A #N/A nos

=
490.8738521234

No of steels provided = #N/A nos

CkECK FOR SkEAR

Design Skear Resistance : [Cl.10.3.2 (2) , Eqn. 10.1 , IRC : 112 -2011 ]

Subject to a
minimum of

wkere, fck = 25 Mpa Asl vmin = 0.031 K3/2 fck1/2

ρl = ≤ 0.02
bw = 8400 mm bw d = #DIV/0!
d = 2100 mm = #DIV/0!
Asl
NEd
=
=
2000
0
mm2 / m widtk
N
K = 1+ √ 200
d
≤ 2.0

\ σcp = #VALUE! Mpa = #DIV/0!

VRdc = 0.12 x #DIV/0! ( 80 x #DIV/0! x 0 ) 0.33 + 0.15 x 0.00 x 0 x 0.0

= #VALUE! T per m widtk

or

VRdc = #DIV/0! + 0.15 x 0.00 x 0 x 0.0

= #DIV/0! T per m widtk

\ VRd.c = #VALUE! T ### #N/A T \ #N/A

 Pier Design

Longitudinal Moment (t- Transverse Moment (t-

Description Axial force Longitudinal force (t) Transverse force (t)
m) m)
Superstructure 1113.3552057 -649.95 0.00 0.00 0
Live Load 72.5 -36.25 0.00 0.00 0
Braking Force -67.80706 0.00 10.87 0
Wind - LWL 13.54 #N/A 62.55 #N/A #N/A
Wind - HWL 13.54 #N/A 62.55 #N/A #N/A
Seismic 408.11 408.11 163.75 163.75
Earth Pressure - LWL 0.00 0 0.00 30.75 0
Earth Pressure - HWL
Water current force 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

Load Combinations :
Load Combination - 1 DL + LL + BF + EP (LWL)
Load Combination - 2 DL + LL + BF + EP (HWL) + WC (Long.)
Load Combination - 3 DL + LL + BF + EP + WL (LWL)
Load Combination - 4 DL + LL + BF + EP + WL (HWL) + WC (Long.)
Load Combination - 5 DL + LL + BF + EP + EQ-LONG. (LWL)
Load Combination - 6 DL + LL + BF + EP + EQ-LONG. (HWL) + WC (Long.)
Load Combination - 7 DL + LL + BF + EP + EQ-Trans (LWL)
Load Combination - 8 DL + LL + BF + EP + EQ-Trans. (HWL) + WC (Long.)
Load Combination - 9 DL + EP (LWL) (Construction Stage)
Load Combination -10 DL + EP + EQ-LONG. (LWL) (Construction Stage / Span Dislodged Stage)
Load Combination -11 DL + EP + EQ-TRANS. (LWL) (Construction Stage / Span Dislodged Stage)
Load Combination - 11 DL + EP (HWL) (Construction Stage / Span Dislodged Stage) + WC (Long.)
Load Combination - 12 DL + EP + EQ-LONG. (HWL) (Construction Stage) + WC (Long.)

Description LC-1 LC-2 LC-3 LC-4 LC-5 LC-6 LC-7 LC-8 LC-9
Superstructure 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35
Live Load 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Wind - LWL 1.50
Wind - HWL 1.50
Seismic - Longitudinal 1.50 1.50
Seismic - Transverse 1.50 1.50
Earth Pressure - LWL 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.50
Earth Pressure - HWL 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00
Water current force (Long.) 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00

Description Longitudinal Moment (t-

Axial force Transverse Moment (t-m) Longitudinal force (t) Transverse force (t)
m)
Load Combination - 1 1611.78 -1033.515 0.000 62.429 0.000
Load Combination - 2 1611.78 -1033.52 93.83 #N/A 0.00
Load Combination - 3 1632.09 #N/A 93.83 #N/A #N/A
Load Combination - 4 1632.09 #N/A 93.83 #N/A #N/A
Load Combination - 5 1517.53 1483.28 612.16 278.55 245.63
Load Combination - 6 1517.53 -286.08 612.16 247.80 245.63
Load Combination - 7 1517.53 -286.08 612.16 278.55 245.63
Load Combination - 8 1517.53 -286.08 612.16 247.80 245.63
Load Combination - 9 1503.03 -877.43 0.00 46.12 0.00
Load Combination -10 1503.03 -571.35 306.08 168.94 168.94
Load Combination -11 1503.03 -571.35 306.08 168.94 122.81
Load Combination - 12 1503.03 -877.43 0.00 0.00 0.00
Load Combination - 13 1503.03 -571.35 306.08 122.81 122.81
Data :
Pile Cap Top RL = 5.327 m Pile Tip RL = -28.500 m
Pile Cap Bott. RL = 3.077 m Ground RL = -4.339 m
Free Soil RL = 80.000 m Pile cap depth = 2.250 m
Pile cut off RL = 80.075 m Pile Length = 31.58 m
Soil Ht. above pile cap = 0.0 m Density of Soil = 1.8 kN / m3
Density of Reinforced Concrete = 2.5 kN / m3
Y
LOAD DISTRIBUTION ON PILE MT (+ve) 1.50 dia pile
10.800

Traffic Direction
0.75
1 2 3 4 5
0
-750

x X

ML(+ve)
2.1

3
10.80

3.93

4.3500

6 7 8 9 10 7.05

-5.400 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 -5.400

Y
For the design of pilecap , the design moments are taken at the face of the Abutment.
Geometrical Data :
Pile Dia Distances
(m) rL (m) rL2 (m) rT (m) rT2 (m)
1 4.5 4.50 20.25 -4.5 20.25
2 4.5 4.50 20.25 0 0
3 4.5 4.50 20.25 4.5 20.25
4 -4.5 -4.50 20.25 -4.5 20.25 where,
5 -4.5 -4.50 20.25 0 0
rL = distance of pile centre to pile group cg in long. direction
6 -4.5 -4.50 20.25 4.5 20.25
7 0 0 0 -4.5 20.25
8 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 4.5 20.25
10 0 0 0 0
11 0 0 0 0
12 0 0 0 0
 13 0 0 0 0
rT = distance of pile centre to pile group cg in trans. direction
14 0 0 0 0
15 0 0 0 0 no. of piles = 9
16 0 0 0
17 0 0
18 0 0
ƩrL² = 121.5 ƩrT² = 121.5
4.50 4.5

Description Longitudinal Moment

Axial force (t-m) Transverse Moment (t-m) P/n Ml r/ƩrL² Mt r/ƩrL² Pmax
Load Combination - 1 1611.78 -1033.515 0.000 179.1 -38.28 0.00 140.81
Load Combination - 2 1611.78 -1033.515 93.832 179.1 -38.28 3.48 144.28
Load Combination - 3 1632.09 #N/A 93.832 181.3 #N/A 3.48 #N/A
Load Combination - 4 1632.09 #N/A 93.832 181.3 #N/A 3.48 #N/A
Load Combination - 5 1517.53 1483.279 612.161 168.6 54.94 22.67 246.22
Load Combination - 6 1517.53 -286.080 612.161 168.6 -10.60 22.67 180.69
Load Combination - 7 1517.53 -286.080 612.161 168.6 -10.60 22.67 180.69
Load Combination - 8 1517.53 -286.080 612.161 168.6 -10.60 22.67 180.69
Load Combination - 9 1503.03 -877.429 0.000 167.0 -32.50 0.00 134.51
Load Combination -10 1503.03 -571.349 306.081 167.0 -21.16 11.34 157.18
Load Combination -11 1503.03 -571.349 306.081 167.0 -21.16 11.34 157.18
Load Combination - 12 1503.03 -877.429 0.000 167.0 -32.50 0.00 134.51
Load Combination - 13 1503.03 -571.349 306.081 167.0 -21.16 11.34 157.18
#N/A

Description Longitudinal Moment

Axial force (t-m) Transverse Moment (t-m) P/n Ml r/ƩrL² Mt r/ƩrL² Pmax

Load Combination - 1 911.75 377.945 143.544 101.3 14.00 5.32 120.62

Load Combination - 2 911.75 381.697 148.027 101.3 14.14 5.48 120.93
Load Combination - 3 927.15 434.089 143.544 103.0 16.08 5.32 124.41
Load Combination - 4 927.15 437.841 148.027 103.0 16.22 5.48 124.72
Load Combination - 5 842.16 1228.000 432.451 93.6 45.48 16.02 155.07
Load Combination - 6 842.16 1231.751 436.934 93.6 45.62 16.18 155.38
Load Combination - 7 842.16 1228.000 432.451 93.6 45.48 16.02 155.07
Load Combination - 8 842.16 1231.751 436.934 93.6 45.62 16.18 155.38
Load Combination - 9 824.76 -21.681 0.000 91.6 -0.80 0.00 90.84
Load Combination -10 824.76 281.126 302.807 91.6 10.41 11.22 113.27
Load Combination -11 824.76 281.126 302.807 91.6 10.41 11.22 113.27
Load Combination - 12 824.76 -18.909 4.483 91.6 -0.70 0.17 91.11
Load Combination - 13 824.76 283.897 307.290 91.6 10.51 11.38 113.54

Maximum moment = #N/A X 3.93 X 3 = #N/A tm (along transverse direction)

Maximum moment = #N/A X 3.93 X 3 = #N/A tm (along transverse direction)
Calculation of Reinforcement =

Depth Check :

Moment Resistant Constant = 0.134 x fck = 0.134 x 35 = 7.461 MPa

Clear cover to r/f = 75 mm
Dia of r/f (Long.) = 32 mm Dia of r/f (Trans.) = 20 mm
Overall Depth Provided = 2.25 m
Effective Cover (long.) = 91 mm Effective Cover (trans.) = 105 mm
Effective Depth (Long. ) = 2.159 m Effective Depth (Trans. ) = 2.145 m

√R
M Effective
Equation : D = +
x b cover
 LONGITUDINAL TRANSVERSE

√ √
= #N/A = 0.00 x 10 ^ 6
+ 91 + 117
7.5 x 10800.0 7.5 x 1000
= #N/A + 91 = 0.00 + 117.00
= #N/A mm = 117.00 mm

Provided Depth of pilecap = 2.250 m ###

Calculation of Reinforcement

MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT
Longitudinal Reinforcement (cl. 16.5.1.1, IRC : 112-2011)
Maximum of
Asmin = 0.26 fctm bt.d fctm = Mean axial tensile strength
fyk = 0.259 fck 2/3

0.26=x 2.80 / 500 x 1 x 2.159 = 2.804306 MPa

= 3148.338 mm2 fyd = yield strength of r/f
Asmin = 0.0013 btd = 500 MPa
= 0.0013 x 1,000.00 x 2159 bt = 1000 mm
= 2806.7 mm2 d = 2159 mm

Hence, Asmin = 3148.34 mm2

R/f in Longitudinal Direction

Ast = 0.5 x fck 4.6 Mu bxd

1 - 1 -
fyk fck x b x d2

Ast = 35 X 0.5 4.60 X #N/A x 2159.0 X 1000

1 - 1 -
500 35 X 1000.0 X 4661281.00

= #N/A mm2 / m ### 3148.33792 mm2

Ast (Required) = #N/A mm2 / m

Spacing = 1000 x 3.14 X 1024 mm X 0.25

#N/A
= #N/A

Provide 32 dia @ 125mm c/c + 0 dia @ 200mm c/c (in 2nd layer)
Hence,Ast prov. = 6434.0 mm2 / m ρt = 0.2980075

R/f in Transverse Direction

Ast = 0.5 x fck 4.6 Mu bxd

1 - 1 -
fyk fck x b x d2

Ast = 35 X 0.5 4.60 X #N/A 2145.0 X 1000

1 - 1 -
500 35 X 1000 X 4601025

= #N/A mm2 / m #N/A 3148.338 mm2

Ast (Required) = #N/A mm2 / m

Spacing = 1000 x 3.14 X 400 mm X 0.25

#N/A
 = #N/A

Provide 20 dia @ 200mm c/c + 20 dia @ 200mm c/c (in 1st layer)

Hence,Ast prov. = 3141.6 mm2 / m ρt = 0.1464612

MINIMUM TOP REINFORCEMENT (AT COMPRESSION SIDE)

Asmin = 0.00065 btd
= 0.00065 X 1000 X 2159 d = 2159 mm
= 1403 mm2

Provide 16 dia @ 250mm c/c + 12 dia @ 250mm c/c

Hence,Ast prov. = 1256.6 mm2 / m ρt = 0.0582046
 LC-10 LC-11 LC-12 LC-13
1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35

0.75 0.75
0.75
1.50 1.50
1.50 1.50
1.00 1.00

Transverse force (t)

0.000
0.00
#N/A
#N/A
245.63
245.63
245.63
245.63
0.00
168.94
122.81
0.00
122.81
 Pmax

217.4
213.9
#N/A
#N/A
91.0
156.5
156.5 ULS
156.5
199.5
176.8
176.8
199.5
176.8

Pmax

82.0
81.7
81.6
81.3
32.1
31.8
32.1 SC
31.8
92.4
70.0
70.0
92.2
69.7

(along transverse direction)

(along transverse direction)
 Pier Design

Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse force

Description Axial force Moment (t-m) Moment (t-m) force (t) (t)
Superstructure 1113.355206 -649.95 0 0 0
Live Load 72.5 -36.25 0 0 0
Braking Force 0 -67.80706 0 10.87 0
Wind - LWL 0 #N/A 62.55 #N/A #N/A
Wind - HWL 0 0 0 0 0
Seismic 0 408.10747725 0.00 161.00 161.00
Earth Pressure - LWL 0 30.75 0 0 0
Earth Pressure - HWL 0 0 0 0 0
Water current force 0 0 0 0 0

Load Combinations :
Load Combination - 1 DL + LL + BF + EP (LWL)
Load Combination - 2 DL + LL + BF + EP (HWL) + WC (Long.)
Load Combination - 3 DL + LL + BF + EP + WL (LWL)
Load Combination - 4 DL + LL + BF + EP + WL (HWL) + WC (Long.)
Load Combination - 5 DL + LL + BF + EP + EQ-LONG. (LWL)
Load Combination - 6 DL + LL + BF + EP + EQ-LONG. (HWL) + WC (Long.)
Load Combination - 7 DL + LL + BF + EP + EQ-Trans (LWL)
Load Combination - 8 DL + LL + BF + EP + EQ-Trans. (HWL) + WC (Long.)
Load Combination - 9 DL + EP (LWL) (Construction Stage)
Load Combination -10 DL + EP + EQ-LONG. (LWL) (Construction Stage / Span Dislodged Stage)
Load Combination -11 DL + EP + EQ-TRANS. (LWL) (Construction Stage / Span Dislodged Stage)
Load Combination - 11 DL + EP (HWL) (Construction Stage / Span Dislodged Stage) + WC (Long.)
Load Combination - 12 DL + EP + EQ-LONG. (HWL) (Construction Stage) + WC (Long.)

Description LC-1 LC-2 LC-3 LC-4 LC-5 LC-6 LC-7 LC-8 LC-9 LC-10 LC-11 LC-12 LC-13
Superstructure 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Live Load 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Wind - LWL 1.00
Wind - HWL 1.00
Seismic - Longitudinal 1.00 1.00 0.75 0.75
Seismic - Transverse 1.00 1.00 0.75
Earth Pressure - LWL 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50
Earth Pressure - HWL 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.50
Water current force (Long.) 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Description Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse force

Axial force Moment (t-m) Moment (t-m) force (t) (t)
Load Combination - 1 1185.86 -723.26 0.000 10.870 0.000
Load Combination - 2 1185.86 -754.00 0.00 10.87 0.00
Load Combination - 3 1185.86 -754.00 0.00 10.87 0.00
Load Combination - 4 1185.86 -754.00 0.00 10.87 0.00
Load Combination - 5 1127.86 -262.65 0.00 163.18 161.00
Load Combination - 6 1127.86 -262.65 0.00 163.18 161.00
Load Combination - 7 1127.86 -262.65 0.00 163.18 161.00
Load Combination - 8 1127.86 -262.65 0.00 163.18 161.00
Load Combination - 9 1113.36 -649.95 0.00 0.00 0.00
Load Combination -10 1113.36 -343.87 0.00 120.75 120.75
Load Combination -11 1113.36 -343.87 0.00 120.75 120.75
Load Combination - 12 1113.36 -649.95 0.00 0.00 0.00
Load Combination - 13 1113.36 -343.87 0.00 120.75 120.75
DESIGN OF PILE SECTION

Benidng moment in pile section is worked out by the method explained

𝑅=√(4&𝐸𝐼/𝐾𝐵)

Type of soil = Granular soil

Grade of concrete = M 35
where E = Modulus of elasticity of concrete = 33722 MN/m2
r = Diameter of pile section = 1.00 m
I = moment of inertia of pile section = 3.142 X 1 4/ 64
= 0.049 m 4

For sand
K1 = 12 X 1000 Kn/m3

T = (EI/K1)^0.2
= 2.679 m

R /T 2.68

Length of pile projecting above scour level L1 = 9 m

L1 / R = 9 / 2.678795
= 3.36

LF / R = 1.8

LF = 1.8 X 2.679
= 4.822

Fixed end moment for pile = ( 4.822 + 9) X Q x 0.5

= 6.911 Q

Actual max moment for pile MF = m MF

= 0.95 Mf
= 6.565 Q

Deflection if restricted to 1 % at the scour level i.e. bottom of foundation

Free head piles Y = Q ( L1 + Lf ) 3

3E I

Free head piles Y = Q ( L1 + Lf ) 3

12 E I

Considering 1 percent of deflection Q = 12 X E XI

( L1 + Lf ) 3

= 12 X 33721.65 X 0.049087 x 1x 1
2640.564 x 100
= 1.772 Mn
Lateral load carrying capacity = 177.2 t
Total length of pile may kept 5.2 m below foundation as LF = 4.822

Total length of pile = 5.2 + 9

= 14.2 m

Reinforcement design of pile

Grade of concrete M 35
Grade of steel HYSD 500
Calculation of design of moment = 106.79 + 34.55 X 4.821831
= 273.38 tm
Factored M = 410.07

Vertical load on each pile = 9.77 t

Factored V = 14.66 t
d'/D = 0.05

Pu = 146551.15232356 = 0.004 N
FckX D2 35 X 1000000

Mu = 4100727327.3148 = 0.1172
FckX D3 35 X 1E+09

p/fck = 0.11
p = 3.85 %

Ast = 30237.829290802 mm2

using 32 mm = 37.60 nos

Calculation of reinforcement in each pile

Cross section of each pile = 8E+05 mm2

minimum reinforcement as per is code = 1.25 X 8E+05
100
= 9817 mm2
No of reinforcement bars = 31.25 nos
No of reinforcement bars provided = 12
Area of bars = 3770 mm2
properties of each pile

Crosssection of pile = 7854 cm2

Cross sectional area of concrete = 7854 - 38

= 7816 cm2

Moment of inertiaof gross section = 5E+06 cm4

effective distance of reinforcement of grosssection = 41.5

Effective area Ag + (1.5m-1) Asc = 8382 cm2

Effective moment of inertia I + (1.5m-1) Asc X R2 = 5E+06 + 14 X 37.7 X 1722
= 6E+06 cm4

Check of stresses
σ o,cal σ c,cal
+ < 1
σ,o σ,c

σ o,cal = 9770.0768 = 1 kg/cm2

8381.7692

σ c,cal = 27338182.182 X 50 = 235

5817721

Effective length of pile 0.8l = 11.06 m

radius of gyration = 0.25
Effective length /radius of gyration = 44.23 < 50 SHORT COLUMN
Reduction factor 1.5 - l/100/r = 1.058
1
Corrected σo = 87.5 kg/cm2
Corrected σc = 116.7 kg/cm2

σ o,cal σ c,cal
+ = 0.013 + 2.014 = 2.027 > 1 UNSAFE
σ,o σ,c

Axial load carriying capacity ( σ oX Ac + σ sc X Asc ) X B

= 702774.2766
= 702.7743 t > 9.77
SAFE
 CALCULATION OF LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF PILE

Founding Level = RL -28.5

MSL = RL -4.339
diameter of pile = 1.5 m
Depth of over burden considered = 20d = 20 X 1.5

Vertical load carrying capacity

As per IRC:78-2014

Axial load carrying capacity of pile is given by

Qu = Ru + Rf

Where Ru = ultimate base resistance

Rf = Ultimate shaft resistance Ng
The ultimate base resistance of pile as follows
Ru = Ap Nc Cp +Ap(0.5 D Ng +Pq Nq)
= X' + Y' where
X' = ApNcCp
Y' = Ap X (0.5 XD X ϒ x Nϒ
The ultimate side resistance of pile due to friction as follows
Rf = a C' As + K Pdi tanδ Asi
= X + Y a C' As
X = K Pdi tanδ Asi

Ap = Cross section of pile toe

Nc = Bearing capacity usually taken as 9
Cp = Avg cohesion of pile tip
Ap = Reduction factor
C' = Average cohesion through out pile length
As = Surface area of pile shaft
Ap = Cross sectional area of pile toe
D = Stem diameter
δ = effective unit weight of soil at pile toe
Pd= = effective over burden pressure at pile toe
K = coefficient of earth pressure
Pdi = effective over burden pressurefor the ith layer
d = angle of friction between pile and soil in degrees
Asi = surface area of pile stem in the ith layer where I varies from 1 to n

Layer level C f Moisture Bulk Specific Dry void ratio saturated

content density gravity density density

-4.339 t/m2 degrees ratio t/m3 t/m3

1 -9.572 3 6 0.29 1.86 2.59 1.44 0.796 1.885
 2 -10.672 2.5 12.5 0.2 1.878 2.64 1.57 0.687 1.972
3 -16.472 0 12.5 0.18 1.968 2.64 1.67 0.583 2.036
4 -16.972 2.5 12.5 0.19 1.877 2.65 1.58 0.680 1.982
5 -19.372 2.5 12.5 0.23 1.97 2.68 1.60 0.673 2.004
6 -23.472 0 12.5 0.23 1.97 2.66 1.60 0.661 2.000
7 -27.415 4 6 0.18 1.862 2.6 1.58 0.648 1.971
8 -28.5 0 25 0.23 1.796 2.65 1.46 0.815 1.909

Q safe due tp frictiom

Layer level depth of Y
strata for Avg over
a C Asi a C' As k burden K Pdi
over
burden t/m2 pressure tanδ Asi
0 -4.339 3
1 -9.572 5.233 0.3 3 24.660 22.194 1.5 2.316 9.00
2 -10.672 1.1 0.3 2.5 5.184 3.888 1.5 5.167 8.91
3 -16.472 5.8 0.3 0 27.332 0.000 1.5 8.706 79.13
4 -16.972 0.5 0.3 2.5 2.356 1.767 1.5 11.956 9.37
5 -19.372 2.4 0.3 2.5 11.310 8.482 1.5 13.406 50.42
6 -23.472 4.1 0.3 0 19.321 0.000 1.5 16.660 107.04
7 -27.415 3.943 0.3 4 18.581 22.297 1.5 20.526 60.13
8 -28.5 1.085 0.3 0 5.113 0.000 1.5 29.343 104.94

-30.75
Q safe due end bearing
Pile diameter = 1.5 m
K = 1.5
a = 0.3

Qu safe due to end bearing

End bearing capacity pile at foundation level

Ap X (0.5 XD X ϒ x Nϒ+ Pd XNq)+ApNcCp

End bearing capacity of pile at founding level

For cohesive soil End bearing capacity of pile at founding level
Ap Nc Cp For Granular soil
Ap = 1.767146 Ap = 1.7671
Nc = 6 D = 1.5
Cp = 0 Pd = 21.966
Qultimate = 0 ϒ = 1
f = 25
Corrected N value Nq = 10.66
Ng = 10.88
Q ultimate= 428.21

Ultimate capacitydue to end bearing = 428.21

Q safe due to end bearing = 428.21 / 2.5 = 171.29

Total Qsafe = X + Y

= 366.31 Ton
 = 30 m

2.25 X 2.25 X
= 75.8565

2.25 X 2.25 X
5.239688

0.785398 X 0.5625 X
26.50719
For cohesive soil
For Granular Soil
107.6034

For cohesive soil

For Granular Soil

es from 1 to n

submerge depth of length over cumulativ Avg over Avg SPT

d density strata for burden e over burden value 'N'
over pressure burden pressure
burden pressure

0.885 5.233 5.233 4.632 4.632 2.316

 0.972 1.1 6.333 1.069 5.701 5.167 CLAYEY SAND
1.036 5.8 12.133 6.009 11.711 8.706 SAND n>30
0.982 0.5 12.633 0.491 12.202 11.956 CLAY
1.004 2.4 15.033 2.410 14.611 13.406 CLAYEY SAND
1.000 4.1 19.133 4.098 18.709 16.660 SAND
0.971 10.443 23.076 10.141 28.850 20.526
0.909 1.085 24.161 0.986 29.836 29.343

Factor of
QU= safety
X+Y 2.5
t t

45
488 195.0

BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS

f Nc Nq Ng
0 5.14 1 0
5 6.49 1.57 0.45
10 8.35 2.47 1.22
N value boring Driven 15 10.98 3.94 2.65
<4 0.7 1 20 14.83 6.4 5.39
4 to 8 0.5 0.7 25 20.72 10.66 10.88
8 to 15 0.4 0.4 30 30.14 18.4 22.4
> 15 0.3 0.3 35 46.12 33.3 48.03
40 75.31 64.2 109.41
45 138.88 134.88 271.76
50 266.89 319.07 762.89

30
of pile at founding level

m2
m
 27.25333 10 30
t 15 31.2
20 33
25 34.8
30 36
35 37.2
t 40 38.5
45 39.8
50 40.8
55 41.8
60 42.6
65 43
139.5029 70 44
189.918 75 44.2
77 44.3
 1.6 X 9.365

1.15 X 0.9

2.5 X 24
237.6714 t/m3

6.25 N/mm2
Design of Pedestal
Grade of Concrete, fck = M 30
Grade of Steel, fy = Fe 500
Length of bearing = Err:509 m
Width of bearing = Err:509 m
Length of Pedestal = 0.800 m
Width of pedestal = 0.625 m
Thk. Of Pedestal = 0.070 m

Loads from Superstructure on Pedestal Factor Load

Dead Load = 105.00 t 141.75 t
Live Load = 72.5 t 108.75 t
Total Load Err:509 t

IRC 21:2000

σco = 7.5 N/mm2

A1 = = Err:509 mm2
A2 = Err:509 mm2
Therefore, Allowable Pressure
σcc = = Err:509 N/mm2

Pressure at base of pedestal due to Load:

σL = = Err:509 N/mm2 ###

Longitudinal reinforcement for pedestal columns shall not be less than 0.15 percent
of cross-sectional area of concrete. (IRS 112:2011)
Clear Cover = 40 mm
Minimum Reinforcement Ast = 750 mm2 along periphery of column

Along
Length = 800 mm
Provided : 6 Nos. bar on one side @ 144 mm spacing
Along
Width = 625 mm
Provided : 6 Nos. bar on one side @ 109 mm spacing
Therefore Provided:
12 mm dia of bar with 20 Nos. = 2261.947 mm2 OK
 KE = 500 x Ch X W X V 2 1.05 0.6

= 500 x 1.05 x 1000 x 2.1 x 2.1 1.25 0.12

= 2315250 nm 1.1 0.48

ab = 3100 X ( ( 1+ 1.3 X ### X 2E+06 ) ^0.5 - 1

= 435.88 mm

Pb = 6X 1000000 + 1600 X ab

= 6697407 N

= 669.74 T
0.6

0.12

0.48

6X 10000 x ab Kn
6X 1000000 + 1600 X ab
Kn