TRELLEBORG MARINE & INFRASTRUCTURE

Fending off
the Fakes
4-STEP AUTHENTICATION GUIDE TO FENDER SYSTEMS
The Genuine
Article
Effective and reliable fender systems are
mission critical equipment. They have a
direct impact on the safe and efficient
operation of our ports, helping improve
berthing management procedures and
increase vessel throughput.
However, not all fenders are created equal. Rubber
compounds are changing. New manufacturing bases
are emerging. Testing procedures need to keep
pace to ensure fender performance standards are
maintained. Regulations and guidelines do exist,
but how can you be sure that the product you buy is
genuine? Is the test certificate enough to guarantee
performance? Can you really trust catalog claims?
In light of these developments, Trelleborg has
developed a 4-step guide to authenticating fenders
to help designers, operators and owners of port
infrastructure procure these systems confidently,
safe in the knowledge that they are investing cost-
effectively in equipment that guarantees quality
and reliable performance over the long-term.
2 3
WHY IT MATTERS TO YOU
Contents
PIANC’s announcement at its 2018 congress of a
new Working Group (MarCom Working Group 211)
to look at updating its 2002 Guidelines for the
Design of Fender Systems is a welcome CHAPTERS
development. Advances in the design of fender
AUTHENTICATION STEP 1: 4
systems, as well as evolutions in vessel design
BERTHING VELOCITY
and industry applications, now have the opportunity
to be fully reviewed and incorporated into the AUTHENTICATION STEP 2: 6
fender guidelines to ensure they reflect improving TEMPERATURE
performance capability and rising standards. AUTHENTICATION STEP 3: 8
Trelleborg has lobbied for and supports the need ANGLE
to update these guidelines to ensure they include AUTHENTICATION STEP 4: 10
the latest best practice in design, manufacture, INDEPENDENT TESTING
materials and full-scale testing of fender systems.
DECLARATION OF INTENT 12
Our representatives will be contributing to the group
and sharing Trelleborg’s ongoing research into all of SAFE AND SECURE 16
these areas.
MarCom Working Group 211 may have been formed
recently, but changes are on the horizon, and future-
proofing is required. Organizations need to factor this
into their procurement processes, exploring advanced
compliance through criteria such as specifying
fender systems that both meet and exceed the
current guidelines.
CHAPTER 1
Authentication Step 1:
Berthing Velocity
Berthing velocity has a significant impact
on fender performance. Understanding the
factors that affect velocity factor (strain rate
and rubber compound) will ensure that the
highest quality of fender system, and one
that is truly fit for purpose, is secured.
VELOCITY FACTOR (VF)
Compression of fender at various velocity is critical to
understanding how a fender will perform once in situ.
While it is impossible to replicate the actual berthing
velocity of vessels in testing, as this is normally
anywhere between 20mm/sec and 500 mm/sec,
it is possible to carry out rigorous testing that
simulates these berthing conditions.
For testing to meet the relevant Active Standard
ASTM F2192 and PIANC 2002 guidelines, rated
performance data (RPD) must show fender
performance with an initial deflection (berthing)
velocity of 0.15 m/s, decreasing to no more than
0.005 m/s at the test end. In addition to this,
catalogs should also clearly indicate VF for other
berthing velocities. VF calculations should be
generated by testing fenders at different speeds
i.e. 0.001, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30m/s.
Data from some manufacturers can be ambiguous
and may not clearly state if the performance is based
on a berthing velocity of 0.15m/s or 0.001m/s.
Manufacturers may try to make up any shortfall
with velocity factors which do not provide a proper
indication of actual fender performance within the
port environment.
4 5
STRAIN RATE AND RUBBER COMPOUND
There are two factors that significantly influence VF and
are critical to simulating fender performance at a given
velocity, and correctly identifying operational capability
on the wharf or quayside: Strain Rate (compression
time) and the type of rubber used.
Compression time is a direct measure of strain rate
and, if all other parameters are constant, strain rate
has a significant impact on VF. For a given velocity, large
fenders need more time to be compressed than smaller
fenders. This means the strain rate on a large fender,
and the magnitude of VF, will be lower than on a smaller VELOCITY TESTING:
fender. This should be factored in during testing and KEY CONSIDERATIONS
clearly indicated in all fender performance data.
❙❙Have Active Standard ASTM F2192 and PIANC
The type of raw rubber used in compound formulation 2002 guidelines requirements been fully met?
significantly influences VF. Testing shows VF is highly
❙❙Does fender testing include simulations at 0.05,
dependent on the blend and ratio of natural rubber (NR)
and synthetic based rubber (SBR) used in the overall
0.10, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30m/s? “Applying velocity factor is critical
rubber compound formulation. Fender manufacturers ❙❙Does fender performance data adequately include to understanding how a fender will
should always provide commentary in relation to the advice on the effects of VF? perform in situ.”
application of VF in their rubber compounds and fender ❙❙How is Strain Rate factored in?
designs. By performing this kind of research and making
❙❙Have both chemical and analytical testing been
the data available, fender suppliers and manufacturers
applied to verify type, quality and composition?
can increase understanding and improve standards
across the industry. ❙❙Is it clear that Constant Velocity (CV) or Decreasing
Velocity (DV) has been used in the performance
Robust chemical and physical material testing is
calculations and fender selection process?
also required to ensure that reclaimed rubber and
nonreinforcing fillers are not used in fender production.
These substitutions may not always be declared in
supplier documentation, but will negatively impact the
fender’s ability to absorb designated berthing energy
of a vessel and the VF.
CHAPTER 2
Authentication Step 2:
Temperature
Changes in temperature have a tremendous
effect on fender performance. It is therefore
essential that manufacturer testing
procedures comprehensively accommodate
any variations in temperature that fenders
will be exposed to under actual operating
conditions. This ensures that the optimum
fender system is acquired.
TEMPERATURE FACTOR (TF)
Temperature factor is vital in understanding changes
to reaction force and energy absorption of fenders
in normal operating conditions. This is because
the stiffness (modulus) of the rubber compound
changes dramatically with temperature which, in
turn, impacts how the fender performs in situ. Ideally,
rubber elements for fender systems should be tested
on a case-by-case basis in accordance with the
temperatures they will be subjected to in the field.
For fenders to meet Active Standard ASTM F2192
and PIANC 2002 guidelines requirements, rated
performance data (RPD) must include the testing
of fenders stabilized at 23°C±5°C. For any other
application, TF must be applied to adjust the
fender performance. TF should be created and
indicated in the catalog by testing fenders at various
temperatures, i.e. +50°C, +40°C, +30°C, +10°C,
0°C, -10°C, -20°C and -30°C. It is important to
ensure that tables have not been copied from
elsewhere. As well as verifying that the full range
of temperature factors have been applied during
testing, it is also necessary to check that all data
relates specifically to the fenders in question.
6 7
TEMPERATURE AND RUBBER COMPOUND
Similar to VF, TF is highly sensitive to the type of
rubber used – Natural rubber or Synthetic rubber,
or a blend of the two, as well as the inclusion of
recycled rubber. Temperature factor therefore varies
with the rubber compound and from manufacturer
to manufacturer, meaning factors are unique to
each individual fender. Care should be taken when
comparing products from different manufacturers,
as factors will differ depending on the type
of rubber compound used during production.
This is not always taken into consideration by
manufacturers and suppliers due to a lack of
testing data for their compounds.
At high temperatures, the fender is effectively
softer with a lower energy absorption capacity and
at low temperatures the opposite occurs. Design
and selection of fender systems must take into
account both energy absorption and reaction force.
The most suitable fender is one that does not exceed
the reaction force limits under normal operating
conditions, while at the same time providing more
than the minimum energy requirement. The converse
situation applies to low temperature application.
TEMPERATURE FACTOR:
KEY CONSIDERATIONS
❙❙Have Active Standard ASTM F2192 and PIANC
2002 guidelines requirements been fully met?
❙❙Is performance data shown for temperature
variables at +50°C, +40°C, +30°C, +10°C, 0°C, “Rubber elements should be
-10°C, -20°C and -30°C?
tested in accordance with
❙❙Has the rubber type been chemically determined? the temperatures they will
❙❙Has TF been applied based on the fender’s be subjected to in the field.”
individual rubber compound?
❙❙Does TF performance data relate specifically
to the manufacturer? How is this verified?
❙❙Does the fender system optimize the balance
between energy absorption and reaction force?
❙❙Is bespoke fender testing that reflects temperature
exposure in the field available?
CHAPTER 3
Authentication Step 3:
Angle
Differing port infrastructures and vessel
sizes mean that the angle of impact
during berthing will vary depending on
circumstances. A fender system must be
designed to have enough energy absorption
capacity to accommodate the appropriate
berthing patterns.
8 9
ANGLE FACTOR (AF)
Fender performance will vary depending on the
angle of contact that results from a vessel’s berthing
approach. Therefore the capacity requirements in
a fender system designed to accommodate parallel
berthing will differ significantly from one with an acute
angle of approach. Understanding how well a fender
is able to absorb energy at different angles is critical
to its performance at the quayside.
For fenders to meet Active Standard ASTM F2192
and PIANC 2002 guidelines requirements, rated
performance data (RPD) must include the testing
of fenders at zero degree angle of approach.
By zeroing the angle factor, this should allow for
ANGULATION:
KEY CONSIDERATIONS
easier comparison of fender performance data
using other testing parameters (temperature, ❙❙Have Active Standard ASTM F2192 and PIANC
velocity, deflection). However, this is just the first 2002 guideline requirements been fully met?
step. In addition, manufacturers must also provide
❙❙Does RPD indicate testing of fenders
adjustment factor information for contact angles at
3, 5, 8, 10, 15 and 20 degrees – for each fender
at zero degree angle of approach? “Understanding how well a fender
type. This makes it possible to determine if there is ❙❙Is additional testing data available for contact can absorb energy at different
a reduction in performance (energy absorption) at angles at 3, 5, 8, 10, 15 and 20 degrees? angles is critical to quayside
large berthing angles. ❙❙Does testing give a like-for-like comparison performance.”
Manufacturers should clearly indicate in their RPD of how AF affects fender performance?
if chain restraints are factored in, as this will impact ❙❙Are AFs applied for both transverse and longitudinal
results data. Similarly, manufacturers should show angular berthing for leg type of fenders?
angle factor testing data in relation to both transverse
and longitudinal angular berthing to illustrate
performance under different berthing conditions.
CHAPTER 4
Authentication Step 4:
Independent Testing
Given the critical role that fenders play
in the operations of ports, it is perhaps
surprising that the current industry practice
of verifying performance of rubber fenders
lies with suppliers themselves. With the
associated expenses of manufacturing some
of the world’s largest rubber parts, there
are clearly commercial gains to be had for
unscrupulous manufacturers to cut corners.
FLAWED PRACTICES
Performance verification testing is usually performed
in a large press or test frame with either load cells
or pressure transducers. Outside of manufacturers’
facilities, these test frames are extremely rare.
As a result, performance testing usually occurs in
manufacturers’ own factories, meaning results can
be manipulated to suit their aims.
During testing it is not uncommon for fenders to
be specifically selected for the test rather than
chosen at random. These fenders will be built to
pass performance tests, but when it comes to
creating the products that actually go to market,
these manufacturers will use low cost, substandard
materials in production. Similarly, some unethical
manufacturers may also simply manipulate test
results before going on to build and sell low quality
fenders which aren’t fit for purpose.
The industry’s response to this has been to introduce
independent witnessing to verify the authenticity of
results. However, the implementation of this process
has also been flawed.
10
UNRELIABLE WITNESSES
Common practice in the industry has relied on
factory testing with witnessing by either a third party
or a consultant. However, there is no easy way for
witnesses to verify the results independently of
what the manufacturer is reporting. Modern data
acquisition methods rely on computers to interpret
the data and produce a report. The witness rarely
has any understanding of how the data acquisition
system functions, making it easy for unscrupulous
manufacturers to manipulate the recorded data in
the computer without the witness knowing.
Many project specifications require a third party
inspection agency to witness the test. The This will remove any uncertainty from the results and INDEPENDENT TESTING:
shortcoming here is that witnesses do not provide enable end users to have confidence that the lifecycle KEY CONSIDERATIONS
oversight on how the test data was acquired or if and performance of fenders meet specification, and that
the report they are asked to endorse is even from fenders are therefore fit for purpose. ❙❙Have the fenders been tested using an
the test they observed. The inspection agencies independent rig?
are not in any way guaranteeing the validity of the ❙❙Is the real time testing data shown on an external
data they are endorsing - essentially rendering their display and are the results printed in real-time so
endorsement useless. the witness has direct access to the data?
❙❙Can the load cell and deflection measuring devices
be calibrated on the spot or by an independent
TRUE INDEPENDENT TESTING external party?
The fender industry involves big contracts and vast ❙❙Can the test data obtained from the rig be
sums of money and there is too much at stake to “There is too much at stake to allow compared with the test data reported by the
allow manufacturers to serve as their own regulators.
manufacturers to serve as their manufacturers using their measuring devices.
Our industry must move towards true independent Can manipulations of data by manufacturers
testing, rather than just witnessed testing, and the own regulators.” be easily traced?
simplest way to get objective, trustworthy results is
❙❙Can witnesses consult with well-known third party
to conduct tests in an independent laboratory.
inspection agencies to certify results?
The long term goal for the industry is for
manufacturers to have testing at their own facilities
but with independently recorded results.
11
CHAPTER 5

Declaration
TESTING METHOD

of Intent FIxeD FenDeRs – sPc cone FenDeRs

Competitor Performance Table

PERFORMANCE FENDERS TABLE

Is it clear which testing method has
been used to calculate compression
time and produce the rated
performance data (RPD).
Fender
Size
Rubber Grades Check whether the Constant
Velocity (CV) or the Decreasing
E/R G 0.9 G 1.0 G 1.1 G 1.2 G 1.3 G 1.4 G 1.5 G 1.6 G 1.7 G 1.8
CoRRECTIoN
FIxeD FenDeRs – FACToRS
sPc cone FenDeRs
EA 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12
spc 300 0.16
Velocity (DV) method has been
Fender perFormance aT InTermedIaTe deFlecTIon rF 55 57 60 62 65 68 70 73 76 78

When it comes to providing information deflection of original fender height [%] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 72 73 74 spc 350
EA
rF 0.17
13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18

used in testing. This affects the

76 78 91 93 96 98 100 102 104 107
COMPETITOR
CoRRECTIoN PERFORMACE
Energy Absorption of original
FACToRS value [%] 0 TABLE
1 5 10 17 25 34 44 53 62 71 78 85 92 100 104 107 110
EA
about the critical factors affecting fender spc 400 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
reaction Force of original value [%] 0 27 48 65 79 90 97 100 99 93 84 73 68 76 100 132 148 165 rF 0.21
98 102 106 111 115 120 125 129 134 138
Fender perFormance aT InTermedIaTe deFlecTIon
spc 500
EA
0.26
40 42 44 46 47 49 51 53 55 57 results and is therefore crucial
performance, many unscrupulous suppliers
TemperaTure FacTor
deflection of original fender height [%] 0 rF 153 159 166 173 180 188 195 202 209 217
to understanding overall fender
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 72 73 74
temperature [°c] of original
Energy Absorption -60 value-50
[%] 0 -40
1 5-3010 -20 25 -10
17 34 44 053 10 71 23
62 78 853092 100
40 10450107 60
110 EA 69 72 75 79 82 85 88 92 95 98
spc 600 0.31
rF 220 229 239 249 260 270 281 291 302 312

come up short. In this chapter we compare performance.

reaction Force contact
of original your[%]
value local sFt office
0 for27 48 65 1.375
79 90 97 100
correction Factor special compound consultation 1.559 1.182 1.083991.034
93 84 73 0.976
1.000 68 760.945
100 132
0.918148 165
0.917
EA 111 114 120 125 130 136 141 146 151 156
spc 700 0.36
rF 300 312 325 340 354 368 382 397 411 425
TemperaTure
vEloCITy FacTor
FACToR
best practice examples from a Trelleborg
EA 165 170 179 187 194 202 210 218 226 233
spc 800 0.42
temperature [°c]
compression time [s] -60 1 -502 -40
3 -30
4 -20
5 -10
6 70 810 ≥ 1023 30 40 50 60 rF 392 407 425 444 462 481 500 518 537 555
Contact
contact your locallocal
your officesFt
for office
special for EA 234 243 254 265 277 288 299 310 321 332
correction Factor 1.050 1.020 1.012 1.005
1.559 1.000
1.375 1.000
1.182 1.000
1.083 1.000
1.034 1.000
1.000 0.976 0.945 0.918 0.917 spc 900
catalog against a competitor’s.
compound
special consultation
compound consultation 0.47
rF 496 515 538 562 585 609 632 656 680 703
vEloCITy
ANGlE FACToR
FACToR EA 321 333 349 364 379 394 410 425 440 455
spc 1000 0.52
rF 612 636 665 694 723 752 781 810 839 868
compression time
Angle[s]
[°] 1 2 30 34 6 5 9 610 7
12 158 ≥ 10
20 EA
spc 1100 427 443 465 484 504 524 546 566 586 606
correction Factor of original
1.050 1.020 rF 0.57
Energy Absorption value [%] 1.012
100 1.005 1.000100
100 100 1.000
1001.000
96 1.000
92 1.000
80 741 767 805 840 875 910 945 980 1,015 1,050
reaction Force of original value [%] 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 EA 487 506 529 552 575 599 622 645 668 691

TYPE OF RUBBER
spc 1150 0.60
ANGlE FACToR rF 810 841 879 918 956 995 1,033 1,072 1,110 1,149
compression Angle [°] 0 3 6 9 10 12 15 20 EA 554 575 601 628 654 680 706 733 759 785
spc 1200 0.62
INSTAllATIoN ClEARANCES100
Energy Absorption of original value [%] 100 100 100 100 96 92 80
rF 882 916 958 1,000 1,042 1,083 1,125 1,167 1,209 1,251
EA 706 732 766 799 833 866 900 933 967 1,000
Fender H i j k ED spc 1300 0.68
TableSizedoes [mm] not[mm] reference
reaction Force of original value [%]
[mm] [mm]PIANC
[mm] guidelines
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Table does not provide enough information about testing methods
rF 1,030 1,070 1,118 1,167 1,216 1,265 1,314 1,363 1,412 1,461
EA 881 914 956 998 1,040 1,082 1,123 1,165 1,207 1,249
spc 300 300 225 540 45 ≥ 300 spc 1400 0.74
rF 1,201 1,247 1,304 1,361 1,418 1,475 1,532 1,589 1,646 1,703
INSTAllATIoN
spc 350 350 ClEARANCES
263 630 53 ≥ 350 EA 1,316 1,364 1,426 1,489 1,551 1,616 1,682 1,744 1,807 1,869
spc 1600 0.84
spc 400
Fender 400
H 300
i 720
j k60 ≥
ED400 rF 1,567 1,628 1,702 1,780 1,855 1,929 2,004 2,078 2,152 2,227
Size
spc 500 [mm]
500 [mm]
375 [mm]
900 [mm]
75 [mm]
≥ 500 EA 1,874 1,942 2,031 2,120 2,208 2,301 2,395 2,483 2,572 2,661
spc 1800 0.94
300
spc 600 300
600 225
450 540
1,080 45
90 300
≥ 600
rF
EA
1,984
2,570
2,061
2,664
2,156
2,786
2,255
2,908
2,350
3,029
2,445
3,157
2,539
3,285
2,633
3,407
2,729
3,529
2,823
3,650
Super Cone Fenders
350
spc 700 350
700 263
525 630
1,260 53
105 350
≥ 700 spc 2000 1.04
spc 800
400 400 300 720 60 ≥ 800
400
rF 2,450 2,544 2,661 2,784 2,901 3,018 3,135 3,252 3,369 3,485 pERFoRMANCE DATA*
800 600 1,440 120
Performance values for single units | energy Absorption (eA) in knm, Reaction Force (RF) in kn | nominal rated deflection is 70 %, max. deflection is 74 % | Actual deflection at
500
spc 900 500
900 375
675 900
1,620 75
135 500
≥ 900 Rated Performance Data may vary | Properties, tolerances, and testing standards can be found on pages 123 ff. F 0.9^ F 1.0 F 1.1 F 1.2 F 1.3 F 1.4 F 1.5 F 1.6 F 1.7 F 1.8 F 1.9 F 2.0
600
spc 1000 600
1,000 450
750 1,080
1,800 90
150 ≥ 600
≥ 1,000 1050 cV e 392.0 435.0 446.6 458.2 469.8 481.4 493.0 504.4 515.8 527.2 538.6 550.0
700
spc 1100 700
1,100 The
525
825 1,260 type
1,900 105
165 ≥of
700 rubber used in
≥ 1,100
GENERIC PERFoRmANCE CuRvE SPC FENDERS
rPD
r 626.0
427.3
695.0
474.2
713.4
486.8
731.8
499.4
750.2
512.1
768.6
524.7
787.0
537.4
813.4
549.8
839.8
562.2
866.2
574.6
892.6
587.1
919.0
599.5
800
spc 1150 800
1,150 600
863 1,440
2,070 120
175 ≥ 800
≥ 1,150 er

900 each fender ≥ 900 must always be

Super Cone Fenders
120 200
rr 682.3 757.6 777.6 797.7 817.7 837.8 857.8 886.6 915.4 944.2 972.9 1001.7
spc 900
1200 1,200 900 675 1,620
2,160 135
180 ≥ 1,200
180 1100 cV e 450.0 500.0 513.6 527.2 540.8 554.4 568.0 581.4 594.8 608.2 621.6 635.0

825 specified in the catalog as

spc 1000
1300 1,000
1,300 750
975 1,800
2,340 150
195 ≥ 1,000
1,300 100
160 r 685.0 761.0 781.6 802.2 822.8 843.4 864.0 893.4 922.8 952.2 981.6 1011.0
spc 1100
1400 1,100 1,900 165 ≥ 1,100
pERFoRMANCE DATA*
1,400 1,050 2,520 210 1,400 rPD er 490.5 545.0 559.8 574.6 589.5 604.3 619.1 633.7 648.3 662.9 677.5 692.2
spc 1150 1,150
1600 1,600 863
1,200
this
2,070
2,880
impacts
175
240 1,150
≥ 1,600
performance. 80
140
rr 746.7 829.5 851.9 874.4 896.9 919.3 941.8 973.8 1005.9 1037.9 1069.9 1102.0

Reaction (%)
1200 1,800
1,200 900 2,160 180 1,200 120

energy (%)
spc 1800 1,350 3,240 270 ≥ 1,800 1150 cV e 514.1 570.3 585.5 600.7 616 631.2 646.4 661.6 676.8 692 707.2 722.4
1300 2,000
spc 2000 1,300 975 It
1,500 should
2,340
3,600 195
300 be clear if
1,300
≥ 2,000 60 100 r 750 833.2 855.1 877.1 899 921 942.9 974.9 1007 1039 1071 1103

spc 1400 1,400 1,050 2,520 210 ≥ 1,400 F 0.9 ^

F 1.0 F 1.1 F 1.2 F 1.3 F 1.4 rPD er
F 1.5
560.3
F 1.6
621.7 638.2
F 1.7
654.8 671.4
F 1.8
688 704.5
F 1.9
721.1 737.7
F 2.0
754.3 770.9 787.4

1,200 natural 240 rubber, synthetic

the fender system design should allow for: 80 rr 817.5 908.2 932.1 956 979.9 1003.9 1027.8 1062.7 1097.6 1132.5 1167.3 1202.2
spc 1600 1,600 2,880 ≥ 1,600 40
increased diameter of sPc Fenders during compression [j] 1050 cV e 392.0 435.0 446.6 458.2 469.8
60 481.4
1200 cV e 493.0
585.0 650.0504.4
667.6 515.8
685.2 702.8 527.2738.0 538.6
720.4 755.4 772.8 550.0
790.2 807.6 825.0

or3,600a[i] blend ≥ 2,000is being used.

spc 1800 1,800 1,350 3,240 270 ≥ 1,800
r 857.5 909.0 933.4 957.8 982.2 1006.6 1031.0 1066.0 1101.0 1136.0 1171.0 1206.0
sufficient
2000 clearance of front panel 40
spc 2,000 1,500 300 20 r 626.0 695.0 713.4 731.8 750.2 768.6rPD er 787.0
637.7 708.5813.4
727.7 839.8
746.9 766.1 866.2804.4 892.6
785.2 823.4 842.4 919.0
861.3 880.3 899.3

the fender system design should

angular compression
PIANC
allow for: guidelines state
minimum edge distance for anchoring and to other protrusions [eD]
0 rPD er 427.3 474.2 486.8 499.4 512.1
0
20
524.7
1300 cV
rr
e
934.7
537.4
743.0
990.8
825.0549.8
1017.4
847.0
1044.0
562.2
869.0
1070.6
891.0
1097.2 1123.8
574.6 935.0
913.0
1161.9
587.1
957.0
1200.1
979.0
1238.2
599.5
1001.0
1276.4
1023.0
1314.5
1045.0

spool piece [k] adjustment

increased diameter of sPc Fenders during compression [j]
sufficient clearance of front panel [i]
factors for 0 10
rr
20
682.3
30
Deflection (%)
40
757.6
50
777.6
60
797.7 70* 817.7 837.8rPD
r
er
1003.8
857.8
806.2
1064.0
895.1886.6
1092.4
919.0
1120.8
915.4
942.9
1149.2
966.7
1177.6 1206.0
944.21014.5 972.9
990.6 1038.3
1246.6 1287.2
1062.2
1327.8
1001.7
1086.1
1368.4
1110.0
1409.0
1133.8

minimum edge distance for velocity and

anchoring and to other temperature
protrusions [eD] 1100 cV e 450.0
Reaction 500.0
energy 513.6 527.2
*nominal rated deflection540.8 554.4
1400 cV
rr
e
1089.1
568.0
927.0
1154.4
581.4
1030.0
1185.3
1057.6
1216.1
594.8
1085.2
1246.9
1112.8
1277.7 1308.5
608.21168.0 621.6
1140.4 1195.4
1352.6 1396.6
1222.8
1440.7
635.0
1250.2
1484.7
1277.6
1528.8
1305.0
angular compression
spool piece [k]
must be provided for every r 685.0 761.0 781.6 802.2 822.8 843.4
rPD
r
er
864.0
1165.1
1001.2
893.4
1235.0
1112.4
1268.0
1142.2
922.8
1301.0
1172.0
1334.0
1201.8
952.2
1367.0
1231.6
1400.0
1261.4
981.6
1447.2
1291.0
1494.4
1320.6
1011.0
1541.6
1350.2
1588.8
1379.8
1636.0
1409.4
rPD 490.5 545.0 559.8 574.6 589.5 604.3 619.1 633.7 648.3 662.91512.0 677.5 692.2
12
rubber compound. 10 er
1600 cV
rr
e
1258.3
1382.0
1333.8
1535.0
1369.4
1576.6
1405.1
1618.2
1440.7
1659.8
1476.4
1701.4
1563.0
1743.0 1784.4
1614.0
1825.8
1664.9
1867.2
1715.9
1908.6
1766.9
1950.0
rr 746.7 829.5 851.9 874.4 896.9 919.3 r 941.8
1517.0 973.8
1608.0 1651.6 1005.9
1695.21738.8 1037.91826.0 1069.9
1782.4 1888.0 1950.01102.0
2012.0 2074.0 2136.0
rPD er 1478.7 1642.5 1687.0 1731.5 1776.0 1820.5 1865.0 1909.3 1953.6 1997.9 2042.2 2086.5
1150 cV e 514.1 570.3 585.5 600.7 616 631.2 rr 646.4
1623.2 661.6
1720.6 1767.2 676.8
1813.9 1860.5 692 1953.8 707.2
1907.2 2020.2 2086.5 722.4
2152.8 2219.2 2285.5
1800 cV e 1967.0 2185.0 2244.0 2303.0 2362.0 2421.0 2480.0 2539.0 2598.0 2657.0 2716.0 2775.0
12
r 750 833.2 855.1 877.1 899 921 r
942.9
1923.6
974.9
2039.0 2094.0
1007
2149.0 2204.0
10392314.0
2259.0
1071
2392.6 2471.2
1103
2549.8 2628.4 2707.0

rPD er 560.3 621.7 638.2 654.8 671.4 688 rPD er

rr
2094.9
704.5
2048.6
2327.0
721.1
2171.5
2389.9
2230.1
2452.7
737.7
2288.7
2515.5
2347.3
2578.4 2641.2
754.32464.4 770.9
2405.8 2548.1
2704.0 2766.9
2631.8
2829.7
787.4
2715.5
2892.5
2799.2
2955.4
2883.0

rr 817.5 908.2 932.1 956 979.9 1003.9

2000 cV e
r
1027.8
2700.0
2368.9
1062.7
3000.0
2511.0
3080.0
2578.0
1097.6
3160.0
2645.0
3240.0
2712.0
1132.5
3400.0 1167.3
3320.0
2779.0
3480.0
2846.0
3560.01202.2
2941.8
3640.0
3037.6 3133.4
3720.0
3229.2
3800.0
3325.0
1200 cV e 585.0 650.0 667.6 685.2 702.8 720.4rPD er 738.0
2862.0 755.4
3180.0 3264.8 772.8
3349.6 3434.4 790.23604.0 807.6
3519.2 3688.8 3773.6 825.0
3858.4 3943.2 4028.0
rr 2511.0 2661.7 2732.7 2803.7 2874.7 2945.7 3016.8 3118.3 3219.9 3321.4 3423.0 3524.5
r 857.5 909.0 933.4 957.8 982.2 1006.6
2250 cV e 1031.0
3844.0 1066.0
4271.0 4385.0 1101.0
4499.04613.0 1136.0
4727.0 4841.0 1171.0
4955.0 5069.01206.0
5183.0 5297.0 5411.0
r 3010.4 3191.0 3276.0 3361.0 3446.0 3531.0 3616.0 3738.0 3860.0 3982.0 4104.0 4226.0
rPD er 637.7 708.5 727.7 746.9 766.1 785.2rPD er
804.4
4036.2 823.4
4484.6 4604.3 842.4
4724.0 4843.7 861.35083.1 880.3
4963.4 5202.8 5322.5 899.3
5442.2 5561.9 5681.6
rr 3160.9 3350.6 3439.8 3529.1 3618.3 3707.6 3796.8 3924.9 4053.0 4181.1 4309.2 4437.3
rr 934.7 990.8 1017.4 1044.0 1070.6 1097.2
2500 cV e
1123.8
4641.0
1161.9
5156.0 5293.6
1200.1
5431.25568.8
1238.2
5706.4
5844.0
1276.4
5981.4 6118.8
1314.5
6256.2 6393.6 6531.0

1300 cV e 743.0 825.0 847.0 869.0 891.0 913.0 r

935.0
3271.7
957.0
3468.0 3560.4
979.0
3652.8 3745.2
1001.0
3837.6 3930.0
1023.0
4062.4 4194.8
1045.0
4327.2 4459.6 4592.0
rPD er 4873.1 5413.8 5558.3 5702.8 5847.2 5991.7 6136.2 6280.5 6424.7 6569.0 6713.3 6857.6
r 1003.8 1064.0 1092.4 1120.8 1149.2 1177.6 rr 1206.0
3435.3 1246.6
3641.4 3738.4 1287.2
3835.43932.5 1327.84126.5 1368.4
4029.5 4265.5 4404.51409.0
4543.6 4682.6 4821.6

^ Fender grades below F0.9 are available upon request. [Units: kNm, kN]
rPD er 806.2 895.1 919.0 942.9 966.7 990.6 1014.5 1038.3 1062.2 1086.1 1110.0 1133.8
*Note:

rr 1089.1 1154.4 1185.3 1216.1 1246.9 1277.7 1308.5

1. cV: performance 1352.6
data at slow speed 1396.6
constant velocity 1440.7at 23 ±5°c
(2-8 cm/min) compression 1484.7 1528.8
temperature and 0° compression angle.
2. rPD: rated performance data, in accordance with PIANc with initial high speed berthing velocity 0.15 m/s.
1400 cV e 927.0 1030.0 1057.6 1085.2 1112.8 1140.4 1168.0 x VF (velocity
rPD = cV (performance) 1195.4 1222.8
factor for Natural and Synthetic1250.2
rubber blend) x TF 1277.6 1305.0
(temperature factor) x AF (angle factor).

Trelleborg example provides critical information on rubber type Trelleborg catalog cites rtesting methods
1165.1 employed
1235.0 in production
1268.0 1301.0 1334.0 1367.0
rPD is reported at 23 ±5°c temperature and 0° compression angle, therefore TF = 1, AF = 1.
1400.0
3. For other initial 1447.2
berthing velocities, temperature and1494.4
berthing angle, VF/1541.6 1588.8
TF/ AF should be calculated 1636.0
separately and apply on cV performance
PIANC Recommended rPD er 1001.2 1112.4 1142.2 1172.0 1201.8 1231.6
to come to the final performance.
1261.4 1291.0 1320.6 1350.2 1379.8 1409.4
rr 1258.3 1333.8 1369.4 1405.1 1440.7 1476.4 1512.0 1563.0 1614.0 1664.9 1715.9 1766.9
1600 cV e 1382.0 1535.0 1576.6 1618.2 1659.8 1701.4
9 1743.0 1784.4 1825.8 1867.2 1908.6 1950.0
r 1517.0 1608.0 1651.6 1695.2 1738.8 1782.4 1826.0 1888.0 1950.0 2012.0 2074.0 2136.0
rPD er 1478.7 1642.5 1687.0 1731.5 1776.0 1820.5 1865.0 1909.3 1953.6 1997.9 2042.2 2086.5
rr 1623.2 1720.6 1767.2 1813.9 1860.5 1907.2 1953.8 2020.2 2086.5 2152.8 2219.2 2285.5
12 1800 cV e 1967.0 2185.0 2244.0 2303.0 2362.0 2421.0 2480.0 2539.0 2598.0 2657.0 2716.0 2775.0 13
r 1923.6 2039.0 2094.0 2149.0 2204.0 2259.0 2314.0 2392.6 2471.2 2549.8 2628.4 2707.0
rPD er 2094.9 2327.0 2389.9 2452.7 2515.5 2578.4 2641.2 2704.0 2766.9 2829.7 2892.5 2955.4
THE FAKES CLEAR DATA

Does the data apply specifically

Competitor Performance Table
to the fenders listed in the catalog
or has the table been copied
PERFORMANCE FENDERS TABLE from another supplier? Check the
Fender
Size
Rubber Grades information matches up. It can
take 1 to 2 years for a company to
E/R G 0.9 G 1.0 G 1.1 G 1.2 G 1.3 G 1.4 G 1.5 G 1.6 G 1.7 G 1.8
EA 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12
spc 300 0.16
secure a certificate in accordance
rF 55 57 60 62 65 68 70 73 76 78
EA 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18
spc 350 0.17
rF
with PIANC guidelines. Trelleborg
76 78 91 93 96 98 100 102 104 107
EA 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
spc 400 0.21
rF 98 102 106 111 115 120 125 129 134 138
spc 500
EA
0.26
40 42 44 46 47 49 51 53 55 57 Marine Systems is unique in that
rF 153 159 166 173 180 188 195 202 209 217
spc 600
EA
rF 0.31
69 72 75 79 82 85 88 92 95 98 it can present testing data
220 229 239 249 260 270 281 291 302 312
spc 700
EA
rF 0.36
111
300
114
312
120
325
125
340
130
354
136
368
141
382
146
397
151
411
156
425
on demand.
EA 165 170 179 187 194 202 210 218 226 233
spc 800 0.42
rF 392 407 425 444 462 481 500 518 537 555
EA 234 243 254 265 277 288 299 310 321 332
spc 900 0.47
rF 496 515 538 562 585 609 632 656 680 703
spc 1000
EA
rF 0.52
321
612
333
636
349
665
364
694
379
723
394
752
410
781
425
810
440
839
455
868
Critical data is displayed clearly
EA 427 443 465 484 504 524 546 566 586 606
spc 1100 0.57
rF 741 767 805 840 875 910 945 980 1,015 1,050
EA 487 506 529 552 575 599 622 645 668 691
spc 1150 0.60
rF 810 841 879 918 956 995 1,033 1,072 1,110 1,149
EA 554 575 601 628 654 680 706 733 759 785
spc 1200 0.62
rF 882 916 958 1,000 1,042 1,083 1,125 1,167 1,209 1,251
EA 706 732 766 799 833 866 900 933 967 1,000
Tablespc 1300
with 0.68
insufficient
r information about rubber used
F 1,030 1,070 1,118 1,167 1,216 1,265 1,314 1,363 1,412 1,461
EA 881 914 956 998 1,040 1,082 1,123 1,165 1,207 1,249
spc 1400
rF 0.74
1,201 1,247 1,304 1,361 1,418 1,475 1,532 1,589 1,646 Super Cone Fenders
1,703
EA 1,316 1,364 1,426 1,489 1,551 1,616 1,682 1,744 1,807 1,869
spc 1600
rF 0.84
1,567 1,628 1,702 1,780 1,855 1,929 2,004 2,078 2,152 pERFoRMANCE DATA*
2,227
EA 1,874 1,942 2,031 2,120 2,208 2,301 2,395 2,483 2,572 2,661
spc 1800 0.94
rF 1,984 2,061 2,156 2,255 2,350 2,445 2,539 2,633 2,729 2,823 F 0.9^ F 1.0 F 1.1 F 1.2 F 1.3 F 1.4 F 1.5 F 1.6 F 1.7 F 1.8 F 1.9 F 2.0
EA 2,570 2,664 2,786 2,908 3,029 3,157 3,285 3,407 3,529 1050 cV
3,650 e 392.0 435.0 446.6 458.2 469.8 481.4 493.0 504.4 515.8 527.2 538.6 550.0
spc 2000 1.04
rF 2,450 2,544 2,661 2,784 2,901 3,018 3,135 3,252 3,369 3,485 r 626.0 695.0 713.4 731.8 750.2 768.6 787.0 813.4 839.8 866.2 892.6 919.0
Performance values for single units | energy Absorption (eA) in knm, Reaction Force (RF) in kn | nominal rated deflection is 70 %, max. deflection is 74 % | Actual deflection at rPD er 427.3 474.2 486.8 499.4 512.1 524.7 537.4 549.8 562.2 574.6 587.1 599.5
Rated Performance Data may vary | Properties, tolerances, and testing standards can be found on pages 123 ff.
rr 682.3 757.6 777.6 797.7 817.7 837.8 857.8 886.6 915.4 944.2 972.9 1001.7

GENERIC PERFoRmANCE CuRvE SPC FENDERS

1100 cV e 450.0 500.0 513.6 527.2 540.8 554.4 568.0 581.4 594.8 608.2 621.6 635.0 Information should be presented
r 685.0 761.0 781.6 802.2 822.8 843.4 864.0 893.4 922.8 952.2 981.6 1011.0
clearly and factually, including how
Super Cone Fenders
120 200 rPD er 490.5 545.0 559.8 574.6 589.5 604.3 619.1 633.7 648.3 662.9 677.5 692.2
746.7 829.5 851.9 874.4 896.9 919.3 941.8 973.8 1005.9 1037.9 1069.9 1102.0 Super Cone Fenders
VF and TF are applied, the type of
rr
180
1150 cV e 514.1 570.3 585.5 600.7 616 631.2 646.4 661.6 676.8 692 707.2 722.4
100
160 pERFoRMANCE DATA*
rubber used, and the appropriate
r 750 833.2 855.1 877.1 899 921 942.9 974.9 1007 1039 1071 1103

pERFoRMANCE DATA*
80
140 rPD er 560.3 621.7 638.2 654.8 671.4 688 704.5 721.1 737.7 754.3 770.9 787.4
F 0.9^ F 1.0 F 1.1 F 1.2 F 1.3 F 1.4 F 1.5 F 1.6 F 1.7 F 1.8 F 1.9 F 2.0
817.5 908.2 932.1 956 979.9 1003.9 1027.8 1062.7 1097.6 1132.5 1167.3 1202.2
compression method when presenting
Reaction (%)

120 rr
energy (%)

1200 cV e 585.0 650.0 667.6 685.2 702.8 720.4 738.0 755.4 772.8 790.2 807.6 825.0 1050 cV e 392.0 435.0 446.6 458.2 469.8 481.4 493.0 504.4 515.8 527.2 538.6 550.0
60 100

F 0.9 ^
F 1.0 F 1.1 F 1.2 F 1.3 80
F 1.4
rPD
r
er
857.5

F 1.5
637.7
909.0
708.5
933.4

F 1.6
727.7
957.8
746.9
982.2

F 1.7
766.1
1006.6
785.2
1031.0

F 1.8
804.4
1066.0
823.4
1101.0

F 1.9
842.4
1136.0
861.3
1171.0

F 2.0
880.3
1206.0
899.3 rPD
r
er
626.0
427.3
695.0
474.2
713.4
486.8
731.8
499.4
750.2
512.1
768.6
524.7
787.0
537.4
813.4
549.8
839.8
562.2
866.2
574.6
892.6
587.1
919.0
599.5
RPD data. Our view is: compression
40
1050 cV e 392.0 435.0 446.6 458.2 469.8
60
1300 481.4
cV e
rr 934.7
743.0
990.8
493.0
825.0
1017.4
847.0504.4
1044.0
869.0
1070.6
515.8
891.0
1097.2
913.0
1123.8
527.2
935.0
1161.9
957.0
1200.1
538.6
979.0
1238.2
1001.0
1276.4 1314.5
550.01045.0
1023.0
rr 682.3 757.6 777.6 797.7 817.7 837.8 857.8 886.6 915.4 944.2 972.9 1001.7 should be done at slow speed CV
40 1100 cV e 450.0 500.0 513.6 527.2 540.8 554.4 568.0 581.4 594.8 608.2 621.6 635.0
20
r 626.0 695.0 713.4 731.8 750.2
20 768.6
rPD e
r
r
1003.8
806.2
1064.0
787.0
895.1
1092.4
919.0813.4
1120.8
942.9
1149.2
839.8
966.7
1177.6
990.6
1206.0
866.2
1014.5
1246.6
1038.3
1287.2
892.6
1062.2
1327.8
1086.1
1368.4 1409.0
919.01133.8
1110.0
r 685.0 761.0 781.6 802.2 822.8 843.4 864.0 893.4 922.8 952.2 981.6 1011.0 (.001m/s) speed, 0 degree angle and
23°+/-5° degree temperature instead
rPD er 490.5 545.0 559.8 574.6 589.5 604.3 619.1 633.7 648.3 662.9 677.5 692.2
0 0 rr 1089.1 1154.4 1185.3 1216.1 1246.9 1277.7 1308.5 1352.6 1396.6 1440.7 1484.7 1528.8
0 rPD 10e
r 427.3
20 30 474.240 486.8
50 499.4
60 512.1 1400 524.7
cV e 927.0 537.4
1030.0 549.8
1057.6 1085.2 562.2
1112.8 1140.4 574.6
1168.0 1195.4 587.1
1222.81250.2 599.51305.0
1277.6 rr 746.7 829.5 851.9 874.4 896.9 919.3 941.8 973.8 1005.9 1037.9 1069.9 1102.0

rr 682.3
Deflection (%)
757.6 777.6 797.7
70*
*nominal rated deflection817.7 837.8
rPD e
r 1165.1
1001.2
1235.0
857.8
1112.4
1268.0
1142.2886.6
1301.0
1172.0
1334.0
915.4
1201.8
1367.0
1231.6
1400.0
944.2
1261.4
1447.2
1291.0
1494.4
972.9
1320.6
1541.6
1350.2 1001.7
1379.8
1588.8
1409.4
1636.0 1150 cV e
r
514.1
750
570.3
833.2
585.5
855.1
600.7
877.1
616
899
631.2
921
646.4
942.9
661.6
974.9
676.8
1007
692
1039
707.2
1071
722.4
1103
of the current practice of presenting
Reaction energy r

1100 cV e 450.0 500.0 513.6 527.2 540.8 1600 554.4

cV e
rr 1258.3
1382.0
1333.8
568.0
1535.0
1369.4
1576.6581.4
1405.1
1618.2
1440.7
594.8
1659.8
1476.4
1701.4
1512.0
608.2
1743.0
1563.0
1784.4
1614.0
621.6
1825.8
1664.9
1867.2
1715.9 1766.9
635.01950.0
1908.6
rPD er 560.3 621.7 638.2 654.8 671.4 688 704.5 721.1 737.7 754.3 770.9 787.4 RPD data. Assuming that RPD is rated
817.5 908.2 932.1 956 979.9 1003.9 1027.8 1062.7 1097.6 1132.5 1167.3 1202.2
performance data to a particular
rr
r 1517.0 1608.0 1651.6 1695.2 1738.8 1782.4 1826.0 1888.0 1950.0 2012.0 2074.0 2136.0
10 r 685.0 761.0 781.6 802.2 822.8 843.4
rPD e 1478.7 864.0
1642.5 1687.0893.4
1731.5 922.8
1776.0 1820.5 952.2
1865.0 1909.3 981.6
1953.61997.9 1011.0
2042.2
2086.5
1200 cV e 585.0 650.0 667.6 685.2 702.8 720.4 738.0 755.4 772.8 790.2 807.6 825.0

speed (0.15m/s) may not be always

r
r 857.5 909.0 933.4 957.8 982.2 1006.6 1031.0 1066.0 1101.0 1136.0 1171.0 1206.0
r 1623.2 1720.6 1767.2 1813.9 1860.5 1907.2 1953.8 2020.2 2086.5 2152.8 2219.2 2285.5
rPD er 490.5 545.0 559.8 574.6 589.5 1800
604.3
cV e
r

1967.0
619.1
2185.0
633.7
2244.0 2303.0
648.3
2362.0 2421.0
662.9
2480.0 2539.0
677.52657.0
2598.0
692.22775.0
2716.0
rPD er 637.7 708.5 727.7 746.9 766.1 785.2 804.4 823.4 842.4 861.3 880.3 899.3

rr 746.7 829.5 851.9 874.4 896.9 r

919.3 1923.6 2039.0
941.8 2094.0 2149.0
973.8 2204.02259.0
1005.9 2314.0 2392.6
1037.9 2471.2
2549.8
1069.9 2628.4
1102.0 2707.0
1300 cV
rr
e
934.7
743.0
990.8
825.0
1017.4
847.0
1044.0
869.0
1070.6
891.0
1097.2
913.0
1123.8
935.0
1161.9
957.0
1200.1
979.0
1238.2
1001.0
1276.4
1023.0
1314.5
1045.0
true for all berthing situations. For any
rPD e 2094.9 2327.0 2389.9 2452.7 2515.52578.4 2641.2 2704.0 2766.9
2829.7 2892.5 2955.4
other berthing speed, the RPD needs
r

r 1003.8 1064.0 1092.4 1120.8 1149.2 1177.6 1206.0 1246.6 1287.2 1327.8 1368.4 1409.0
1150 cV e 514.1 570.3 585.5 600.7 616 631.2
r r 2048.6
646.4
2171.5 2230.1
661.6
2288.7
676.8
2347.3 2405.8
6922548.1
2464.4
707.23640.0
2631.8 2715.5
722.42883.0
2799.2

to be corrected by another VF. This is

2000 cV e 2700.0 3000.0 3080.0 3160.0 3240.0 3320.0 3400.0 3480.0 3560.0 3720.0 3800.0 rPD er 806.2 895.1 919.0 942.9 966.7 990.6 1014.5 1038.3 1062.2 1086.1 1110.0 1133.8

r 750 833.2 855.1 877.1 899 921r 2368.9

942.9
2511.0
974.9
2578.0 2645.0
1007
2712.0 2779.0
1039
2846.0 2941.8
10713858.4
3037.6 3133.4
11034028.0
3229.2 3325.0 rr 1089.1 1154.4 1185.3 1216.1 1246.9 1277.7 1308.5 1352.6 1396.6 1440.7 1484.7 1528.8

often complicated and confusing.

rPD er 2862.0 3180.0 3264.8 3349.6 3434.4 3519.2 3604.0 3688.8 3773.6 3943.2 1400 cV e 927.0 1030.0 1057.6 1085.2 1112.8 1140.4 1168.0 1195.4 1222.8 1250.2 1277.6 1305.0
rPD er 560.3 621.7 638.2 654.8 671.4 688r r 2511.0
704.5
2661.7 2732.7
721.1
2803.7
737.7
2874.7 2945.7
754.3
3016.8 3118.3
770.9
3219.93321.4
787.43524.5
3423.0
r 1165.1 1235.0 1268.0 1301.0 1334.0 1367.0 1400.0 1447.2 1494.4 1541.6 1588.8 1636.0

rr 817.5 908.2 932.1 956 979.9

2250 cV

1003.9
e
r
3844.0
3010.4
4271.0

1027.8
3191.0
4385.0

1062.7
3276.0
4499.0
3361.0
4613.0

1097.6
3446.0
4727.0
3531.0
4841.0

1132.5
3616.0
4955.0
3738.0
5069.0

1167.3
3860.0
5183.0
3982.0
5297.0

1202.2
4104.0
5411.0
4226.0
rPD er 1001.2
1258.3
1112.4
1333.8
1142.2
1369.4
1172.0
1405.1
1201.8
1440.7
1231.6
1476.4
1261.4
1512.0
1291.0
1563.0
1320.6
1614.0
1350.2
1664.9
1379.8
1715.9
1409.4
1766.9
It invites lots of uncertainties
rr

1200 cV e 585.0 650.0 667.6 685.2 702.8

rPD

720.4
r
er
r
4036.2
3160.9
4484.6

738.0
3350.6
4604.3
3439.8755.4
4724.0
3529.1
4843.7

772.8
3618.3
4963.4
3707.6
5083.1

790.2
3796.8
5202.8
3924.9
5322.5 5442.2

807.64181.1
4053.0
5561.9 5681.6

825.04437.3
4309.2
1600 cV e 1382.0 1535.0 1576.6 1618.2 1659.8 1701.4 1743.0 1784.4 1825.8 1867.2 1908.6 1950.0 in the calculations.
2500 cV e 4641.0 5156.0 5293.6 5431.2 5568.8 5706.4 5844.0 5981.4 6118.8 6256.2 6393.6 6531.0 r 1517.0 1608.0 1651.6 1695.2 1738.8 1782.4 1826.0 1888.0 1950.0 2012.0 2074.0 2136.0

r 857.5 909.0 933.4 957.8 982.2 1006.6

r 1031.0
3271.73468.0 1066.0
3560.4 3652.8 1101.0
3745.23837.6 1136.0
3930.04062.4 1171.0
4194.8
4327.2 1206.0
4459.6 4592.0 rPD er 1478.7 1642.5 1687.0 1731.5 1776.0 1820.5 1865.0 1909.3 1953.6 1997.9 2042.2 2086.5
rPD er 4873.1 5413.8 5558.3 5702.8 5847.2 5991.7 6136.2 6280.5 6424.7 6569.0 6713.3 6857.6 rr 1623.2 1720.6 1767.2 1813.9 1860.5 1907.2 1953.8 2020.2 2086.5 2152.8 2219.2 2285.5
rPD er 637.7 708.5 727.7 746.9 766.1 785.2
r r 3435.3 804.4
3641.4 3738.4823.4
3835.4 842.4
3932.5 4029.5 861.3
4126.5 4265.5 880.3
4404.54543.6 899.34821.6
4682.6 1800 cV e 1967.0 2185.0 2244.0 2303.0 2362.0 2421.0 2480.0 2539.0 2598.0 2657.0 2716.0 2775.0
^ Fender grades below F0.9 are available upon request. [Units: kNm, kN] r 1923.6 2039.0 2094.0 2149.0 2204.0 2259.0 2314.0 2392.6 2471.2 2549.8 2628.4 2707.0
rr 934.7 990.8 1017.4 1044.0 1070.6 *Note: 1097.2 1123.8 1161.9 1200.1 1238.2 1276.4 1314.5
Table shows Trelleborg approach is in line with PIANC rPD er 2094.9 2327.0 2389.9 2452.7 2515.5 2578.4 2641.2 2704.0 2766.9 2829.7 2892.5 2955.4

1300 cV e 743.0 825.0 847.0 869.0 891.0 1.

913.0 935.0 957.0 979.0 1001.0 1023.0 1045.0
cV: performance data at slow speed constant velocity (2-8 cm/min) compression at 23 ±5°c temperature and 0° compression angle. rr 2048.6 2171.5 2230.1 2288.7 2347.3 2405.8 2464.4 2548.1 2631.8 2715.5 2799.2 2883.0
2. rPD: rated performance data, in accordance with PIANc with initial high speed berthing velocity 0.15 m/s. 2000 cV e 2700.0 3000.0 3080.0 3160.0 3240.0 3320.0 3400.0 3480.0 3560.0 3640.0 3720.0 3800.0
r 1003.8 1064.0 1092.4 1120.8 1149.2 1177.6 1206.0 1246.6 1287.2 1327.8 1368.4 1409.0
rPD = cV (performance) x VF (velocity factor for Natural and Synthetic rubber blend) x TF (temperature factor) x AF (angle factor). r 2368.9 2511.0 2578.0 2645.0 2712.0 2779.0 2846.0 2941.8 3037.6 3133.4 3229.2 3325.0
rPD is reported at 23 ±5°c temperature and 0° compression angle, therefore TF = 1, AF = 1. rPD er 2862.0 3180.0 3264.8 3349.6 3434.4 3519.2 3604.0 3688.8 3773.6 3858.4 3943.2 4028.0
rPD er 806.2 895.1 919.0 942.9 966.7 3. 990.6 1014.5 1038.3 1062.2 1086.1 1110.0 1133.8
For other initial berthing velocities, temperature and berthing angle, VF/ TF/ AF should be calculated separately and apply on cV performance rr 2511.0 2661.7 2732.7 2803.7 2874.7 2945.7 3016.8 3118.3 3219.9 3321.4 3423.0 3524.5
to come to the final performance.
2250 cV e 3844.0 4271.0 4385.0 4499.0 4613.0 4727.0 4841.0 4955.0 5069.0 5183.0 5297.0 5411.0
rr 1089.1 1154.4 1185.3 1216.1 1246.9 1277.7 1308.5 1352.6 1396.6 1440.7 1484.7 1528.8 r 3010.4 3191.0 3276.0 3361.0 3446.0 3531.0 3616.0 3738.0 3860.0 3982.0 4104.0 4226.0

1400 cV e 927.0 1030.0 1057.6 1085.2 1112.8 1140.4 1168.0 1195.4 1222.8 1250.2 1277.6 1305.0 rPD er 4036.2 4484.6 4604.3 4724.0 4843.7 4963.4 5083.1 5202.8 5322.5 5442.2 5561.9 5681.6
rr 3160.9 3350.6 3439.8 3529.1 3618.3 3707.6 3796.8 3924.9 4053.0 4181.1 4309.2 4437.3
r 1165.1 1235.0 1268.0 1301.0 1334.0 9 1367.0 1400.0 1447.2 1494.4 1541.6 1588.8 1636.0 2500 cV e 4641.0 5156.0 5293.6 5431.2 5568.8 5706.4 5844.0 5981.4 6118.8 6256.2 6393.6 6531.0
r 3271.7 3468.0 3560.4 3652.8 3745.2 3837.6 3930.0 4062.4 4194.8 4327.2 4459.6 4592.0
rPD er 1001.2 1112.4 1142.2 1172.0 1201.8 1231.6 1261.4 1291.0 1320.6 1350.2 1379.8 1409.4 rPD er 4873.1 5413.8 5558.3 5702.8 5847.2 5991.7 6136.2 6280.5 6424.7 6569.0 6713.3 6857.6

rr 1258.3 1333.8 1369.4 1405.1 1440.7 1476.4 1512.0 1563.0 1614.0 1664.9 1715.9 1766.9 rr 3435.3 3641.4 3738.4 3835.4 3932.5 4029.5 4126.5 4265.5 4404.5 4543.6 4682.6 4821.6

^ Fender grades below F0.9 are available upon request. [Units: kNm, kN]
1600 cV e 1382.0 1535.0 1576.6 1618.2 1659.8 1701.4 1743.0 1784.4 1825.8 1867.2 1908.6 1950.0
14 r 1517.0 1608.0 1651.6 1695.2 1738.8 1782.4 1826.0 1888.0 1950.0 2012.0 2074.0 2136.0
*Note:
1. cV: performance data at slow speed constant velocity (2-8 cm/min) compression at 23 ±5°c temperature and 0° compression angle. 15
2. rPD: rated performance data, in accordance with PIANc with initial high speed berthing velocity 0.15 m/s.
rPD er 1478.7 1642.5 1687.0 1731.5 1776.0 1820.5 1865.0 1909.3 1953.6 1997.9 2042.2 2086.5 rPD = cV (performance) x VF (velocity factor for Natural and Synthetic rubber blend) x TF (temperature factor) x AF (angle factor).
rPD is reported at 23 ±5°c temperature and 0° compression angle, therefore TF = 1, AF = 1.
1623.2 1720.6 1767.2 1813.9 1860.5 1907.2 1953.8 2020.2 2086.5 2152.8 2219.2 2285.5
CHAPTER 6
Safe and
Secure
Fending off
the Fakes in 5
1. DON’T JUDGE A BOOK BY ITS COVER
Tables showing the impact of temperature factor and
velocity factor can look impressive in a product catalog,
but these tables are easily copied and may not necessarily
correlate with the specified product and should not be
accepted verbatim. It’s important to interrogate the
information shown and to check that the correction factors
and equations really do add up and have been properly
applied. This will ensure that the fender being sourced
will deliver the expected performance once installed.
2. THE RIGHT MIX
With the availability of new raw materials, rubber
compounding is changing and this has a significant impact
on fender performance and lifecycle. Understanding the
role of the type of rubber used – natural or synthetic,
virgin or recycled – and within that, the compound
composition of the rubber, is essential to avoid procuring
underperforming fenders and the subsequent effect on port
infrastructure. Care should be taken to note the different
types of rubber compound when comparing products from
different manufacturers and material testing should include
comprehensive chemical and physical analysis.
16
Counter-measures to protect your port
and fender investments
Procuring and installing an effective, safe fender system
that will deliver high quality performance over the long-
term represents a sound investment. To achieve this,
buyers need to be confident that the fenders they select
based on available performance testing data are genuinely
the ones that are installed on-site. The stakes are high
and therefore greater understanding of authentication
procedures is essential.
3. WHOLE-LIFE MATTERS
There is now a movement away from a culture of
procurement that is focused on up-front costs to one that
is based on whole-life costs that takes into consideration
rubber grade and compound formulation. The longevity of
fender performance is a key factor in delivering best value
on this mission critical equipment, supporting safe and
efficient port operations over the long-term.
4. A CREDIBLE WITNESS
The phrase ‘third party witness’ is not enough to reassure
buyers that the complete fender testing procedure has
been validated. It should be understood that third party
witnessing does not verify the validity of the testing and the
subsequent results could mean the difference between a
sound investment and an expensive mistake. Be familiar
with the different fender testing available and interrogate
any data that is presented. Third party independent testing
that is performed away from the manufacturing premises
and that independently records the results, rather than
simply witnessing the procedure, is recommended.
5. A GUIDING HAND
It is important to recognize that PIANC is an industry body
whose “Guidelines for the design of fender systems, 2002”
represent best practice and should, as a minimum, be
adhered to. At the same time, PIANC is not a regulatory
body and it does not enforce the guidelines or certify
products in any way. Fenders that claim PIANC certification
are misrepresenting themselves.
17
 Trelleborg is a world leader in engineered polymer solutions
that seal, damp and protect critical applications in
demanding environments. Its innovative solutions accelerate
performance for customers in a sustainable way.

W W W.T REL L EB O R G .C O M / M A R INE A NDINF R A S T RUC T URE

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