11

Chemistry
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
“Chemical formulas, structural
formulas and models”
Chemistry – Grade 11
Self- Learning Module
Quarter 1 – Module 6 “Chemical formulas, structural formulas and models”
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Author: Norman S. Lo

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 11

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
“Chemical formulas, structural
formulas and models”
 II. Learning Competency
Represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural formulas and models
(STEM_GC11AMIc-e-21)

Objectives:

In this activity, you should be able to:

1. Identify the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in an organic compound

2. Draw structural diagram of alkane groups of organic compounds
3. Write condensed structural formulas for alkanes given complete structural formula

III. Pre-Test - Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following describes writing name of compound through molecular

formula?
a. It consists of chemical symbol only c. Consist of chemical symbols & numbers
b. Contains three-dimension drawing d. All of the choices are correct

2. What do you call the inorganic compound containing four (4) carbon atoms and ten (10)
hydrogen atoms?
a. Butane b. Propane c. Methane d. Ethane

3. If an organic compound (hydrocarbons) has five (5) carbon atoms and been paired with
hydrogen through single bond (alkane-series), how many hydrogen atoms are there?
a. 10 b. 12 c. 14 d. 16

4. What is the name of the following formula?

a. Methane b. Ethane
c. Propane d. Butane

5. What is the molecular formula of Propane?

a. CH3CH2CH3 c. CH3CH3CH3

b. CH2CH3CH2 d. CH2CH2CH2
 IV. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Engage
Did you know that you can write a simple compound name into different identity,
structures and formula, let’s see how can we accomplish this through the illustrations below!

Simply writing Through

its name! Structural
Diagram

3-D diagram
Using Molecular
Illustrations
Formula

There are various ways to represent a single compound name as stated above. Writing
the compound name simply is the most basic of them all, this do not require prior knowledge
in science or chemistry but needs the intelligence of an individual how to read and write.

Three-Dimensional diagram illustrations show how does a compound exist in the living
world. This is the most complex to draw/create for it needs great volume of knowledge and
information for you to exactly describe it. This is the most detailed representation of a
compound compare to the other three modes.

Structural Diagram expresses the chemical symbol of a compound, its alignment and
how they are formed. Drawing a line/lines connecting each symbolic element represents how
they have bond, specifically, in conveys whether the process of bonding consist of single,
double and triple bonds. For now, let’s study the table down below:
 Stems That Indicate the Number of Carbon Atoms in Organic Molecules

STEM NUMBER OF Carbon Atoms

meth- 1
eth- 2
prop- 3
but- 4
pent- 5
hex- 6
hept- 7
oct- 8
non- 9
dec- 10

You should know and be familiarized with these stems/prefixes in order for you to know
the fundamentals of writing structural diagrams. Take time and effort to memorize this table.
After memorizing, you are now ready for the step by step process of drawing structural
diagram.

Writing of structural diagram of Alkanes Compound

1. Identify the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms

The Number of Hydrogen atoms on the

The Number of Carbon Atoms can be
other hand is computed using
determined by familiarizing with the
nomenclature of it stated in the table
CnH2n+2
Let’s try BUTANE!

From the table BUTANE has 4 Carbon ATOMS; Therefore, using the formula CnH2n+2
Hydrogen Atoms = 2 (4 Carbon Atoms) + 2 ( 8 ) + 2 = 10 hydrogen atoms

2. List-down the carbon groups

C C C C
In this step just put the carbon atoms adjacent to each
other. Refer to the illustration at the right
3. All bonds are single when dealing with alkane group
C C
There are few types of organic groups namely, “Alkane Series”
alkane, alkene and alkyne. The word “ane” means C C
single, “ene” means double and “yne” means triple. “Alkene Series”
Therefore, concluding that alkane series must have C C
“Alkyne Series”
only single bond on all of its structural diagram.
 4. Carbon has oxidation number of (+4, -4), Hydrogen on the other hand has (-1, +1)

Oxidation Number can be determined through the CARBON (4) HYDROGEN (1)
use of periodic table. It shows how many electrons
C H
an element can give or accept. It represents how
many bonds (line) can we draw from each element

5. Complete by combining carbon and hydrogen through series of single bond

H H H H
C C C C C C C C
H H

H H H H

Since hydrogen only consist one (1) oxidation number, just write it on all the ends of carbon bonds.

Elicit
Let’s try your understanding!

Fill up the missing component below.

Name of the Organic Number of Carbon Atoms Number of Hydrogen Atoms

Compound

A. METHANE 1 4

B. 4

C. PROPANE

D. 8

E. 16

F. PENTANE
 Explore
Refer to the previous activity. Draw the structural diagram of each organic compound
listed.

A B

C D

E F
 Explanation
Answer the following questions:
1. Which of the following do you prefer to use, Structural Diagram, Molecular Formula
or 3-D Illustration Diagram? Explain the advantages of it compared to others.

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is there a pattern or consistency to the increasing number of carbons as to the

hydrogen atoms? Prove your answer through explanation or formulas.

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

Elaborate
Writing of Molecular Formula

1. Draw the structural diagram first

2. Identify the partial molecular formula through sectioning

Section the structural diagram based from carbon

atoms. Refer to the illustration at the right.

3. Count of the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms per section

We can write it as follows:

Section 1  One (C), Three (H) = CH3

Section 2  One (C), Two (H) = CH2

Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4
Section 3  One (C), Two (H) = CH2

Section 4  One (C), Three (H) = CH3

4. Write down the whole molecular formula section by section from left to right order.

CH3 + CH2 + CH2 + CH3  CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

 Extend
Illustrate the structural diagram and molecular formula of:

1. Buthene and Butyne

2. Pentene and Pentyne

V. Post-Test - Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following describes writing name of compound through molecular

formula?
a. It consists of chemical symbol only c. Consist of chemical symbols & numbers
b. Contains three-dimension drawing d. All of the choices are correct

2. What do you call the inorganic compound containing six (6) carbon atoms and fourteen
(14) hydrogen atoms?
a. Butane b. Propane c. Heptane d. Hexane
3. If an organic compound (hydrocarbons) has seven (7) carbon atoms and been paired
with hydrogen through single bond (alkane-series), how many hydrogen atoms are
there?
a. 10 b. 12 c. 14 d. 16

4. Draw the structural formula and the molecular formula of OCTANE

5. Draw the structural formula and the molecular formula of NONANE

 Answer Key
Pre-Test

1. C
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. A

Elicit

Name of the Organic Number of Carbon Atoms Number of Hydrogen Atoms

Compound
METHANE 1 4
BUTANE 4 12
PROPANE 3 10
ETHANE 2 8
HEXANE 6 16
PENTANE 5 14

Explore

METHANE BUTANE

PROPANE ETHANE
 HEXANE PENTANE

Explore

Answer the following questions. Write your answer on the blank space provided.

For 1:

 Structural formulas are helpful because they explain the properties and the
structure of the compound which empirical and molecular formulas cannot
always present
 Molecular formulas instantly display the number of atoms of certain elements
as well as giving hints about the order of how they are arranged in structural
diagram
 3-D diagrams depict the actual and real structure of elements and
compounds in real word which the other two cannot represent

For 2:

Yes, there is! The number of carbons is directly proportional with the
number of hydrogen atoms. Specifically, in every carbon atom there are 3 hydrogen
atoms added in the alkane group of organic compounds.

Extend

1. Buthene and Butyne

BUTHENE BUTYNE
 2. Pentene and Pentyne

Pentene Pentyne

Post-Test

1. C
2. D
3. D
4.

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

5.

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3