Group of compounds of a different nature from proteins, glycolipids, etc.

that bind to sugars,

classifications are pentoses or hexose sugars that are the most common and bind covalently to
proteins and lipids and there is a subdivision that is in glycolipids located in the cell membrane
with oligosaccharides, glycoproteins and proteoglycans, the differences are that glycoproteins bind
to oligosaccharides and proteoglycans have polysaccharides, the advantages of adding sugars to
them is to promote the adhesion of other structures or proteins.
Glyco-forms: glycan components of each glycoprotein that can be produced in slightly different
forms. They are variant species of a glycoprotein. When the form of a protein or glycoprotein that
adds. Carbohydrates: total set of sugars and glycan produced by a cell or organism. They are
widely distributed in cells in the cell membrane and are widely distributed
With proteins

Proteoglycans: hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate. Glycoproteins: linked by -o

bonds to serine and threonine, linked by -n to asparagine

With lipids

Glycolipids (plasma membrane). Polysaccharides (bacterial membrane) -our body has response
mechanisms to this type of bacteria. Interconversions of glucose, mannose, galactose and their
nucleotide sugars.Example: galactose, glucose, mannose: they are carbohydrates that sugars must
be deformed and this is adding nucleotides to lactose, UDP is incorporated, to glucose UDP and
mannose GDP and sugar interconnections can be made, such as: from the galactose leave
glycoconjugates and lactose
In eukaryotes, these glycoconjugates are biosynthesized thanks to the endoplasmic reticulum and
the Golgi apparatus so that they have a way of being spatially located in line and can cross the
secretory pathway. Glycosylation is very important since a small change in this process can change
the function of proteins and in turn, glucans that have multiple functions from receptors between
ligands and signaling are presented and therefore are vital for health and failure in them or in their
conformation brings very serious consequences that trigger diseases

BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Life is sweet: the cell biology of glycoconjugates
Alex C. Broussard and Michael Boyce
Molecular Biology of the Cell 2019 30:5, 525-529

- Crucho CI, Correia-da-Silva P, Petrova KT, Barros MT. Recent progress

in the field of glycoconjugates. Carbohydr Res. 2015 Jan 30;402:124-32.
doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.10.005. Epub 2014 Oct 20. PMID: 25498012.