Free and Open Source Software - Version03a

Free and Open Source
Software in Engineering
Education
2020
2020
AICTE Model Curriculum of Courses at UG Level in Emerging Areas (Feb 2019)
● The team with experts from industry, R&D and academia, in series of
discussions, convinced themselves with the contents which are presented
here as curriculum for the nine emerging subjects:
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI)

2. Internet of Things (IoT)
3. Block Chain
4. Robotics
AICTE Model Curriculum of Courses at UG Level in Emerging Areas (Feb 2019)
5. Quantum Computing
6. Data Sciences
7. Cyber Security
8. 3D Printing and Design
9. Virtual Reality (VR)
● Source :https://www.aicte-india.org/sites/default/files/UG_Emerging.pdf
FOSS ? Why-- what-- how--
In production and development,open source is a philosophy or
methodology that promotes free redistribution and access to a
products design or ideas of implementation details.
9 Powerful Technologies powered by Open Source
Here's a list of 9 other powerful technologies

powered by Open Source/Linux
(1) The Four Web Bigshots, Google, Amazon, Twitter
and Facebook; They All Use Linux!
The Four Web Players, Google, Amazon, Twitter and Facebook; They
All Use Linux!
The largest search giant Google, the biggest

social networking sites Facebook and Twitter
and the most popular e-merchant Amazon
they all share Linux, for various web and cloud services!
(2) Linux On Air Traffic Control Systems
Linux On Air Traffic Control Systems
The FAA's (Federal Aviation Administration) Common ARTS software

of the United States has been moved to Linux. The air traffic control
computer system, Common ARTS (or Automated Radar Terminal
System), is used to track aircrafts. It automates the air traffic
controllers job by synchronizing various radar and human inputs.
Most of the TRACONs around U.S. are using this system.
(3) Open Source Powers The New York Stock Exchange
Linux Powers The New York Stock Exchange
One of the fastest moving businesses of trading stocks, bonds and

derivatives, the world of financial exchanges are becoming Linux
friendly. Yes, the largest exchange of the world, the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE) has replaced their Unix based systems with Linux.
The systems can generate 1,500,000 quotes and process 250,000
orders every second together with producing acknowledgments of
every transaction within two milliseconds.
(4) In-Vehicle-Infotainment And Communications
Systems Of Toyota Runs Linux
In-Vehicle-Infotainment And Communications Systems Of Toyota

Runs Linux
In-Vehicle-infotainment (IVI) systems which are used in

automobiles is the latest trend in the auto industry which delivers
entertainment and information content to the travellers.
And one of the largest automobile manufacturers, Toyota is using

Linux as the base platform for its IVI technologies!
(5) Linux Helping In Power Particle Physics Research
Linux Helping In Power Particle Physics Research
CERN, the largest particle physics laboratory of the world trusts

upon our beloved Linux to control its huge particle accelerator. The
laboratory makes use of Scientific Linux (SL), the Linux distro
produced by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Scientific
Linux like any other Linux distro is free and open sourced and is
based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
(6) Nuclear Submarines Running On Linux
Nuclear Submarines Running On Linux
The U.S. Department of Defense is using Linux in many of its

technologies and the U.S. Army is “the” single largest install base
for Red Hat Linux. But the most amazing amongst all of these is the
nuclear submarine fleet of US Navy which is powered by Linux. This
nuclear submarine was delivered by Lockheed Martin to the US
government in 2004, and it is powered by Red Hat Linux.
(7) Among top 500 fastest supercomputers,
85 per cent of them run on Open Source Software
Supercomputer (Raijin based in Australia) name

comes from the Japanese God of thunder, lightning
and storms, Speed 1200 trillion calculations per
second, 160 TB RAM, 57472 cores (Intel Xeon Sandy
Bridge 2.6 Ghz)
(8), (9) Other Powerful Technologies powered by Open source
8. Open Source Powers Japan's Bullet Trains
9. High-Tech Road Traffic Control Running On Open Source!

open source vs. closed
Open-source software is based on the idea that the user cannot only
view but also can change the source code of the existing application.
Closed-source software is hidden to prevent the user either viewing or

changing the code.
Four FOSS Freedoms
Freedom 1: The freedom to run the program for any purpose.

Freedom 2: The freedom to study and modify the program.
Freedom 3: The freedom to copy the program and distribute.
Freedom 4: The freedom to improve the program & release new
improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits.
ADVANTAGES OF OPEN Source
● Availability of source code
● Source code to understand and learn from
● Do not have to re-invent the wheel
● Free as in “freedom”
● Does not depend on vendor
● Can choose additional support
● Can fix bugs and adapt to change in requirements
● Quality and Customizability in open source is better.
● Costs much less than proprietary counterparts.
● No Piracy Issues (you can make copies of CD/DVDs & distribute)
● Customize as per your requirements
Major foundation & private sector players
International Context
A Computer Security Institute/FBI report in 2006 stated that the

loss from Virus-related problems for about 300 firms in the US was
close to $50 million.
*Leading Technology companies like Facebook, Oracle, Yahoo,

Google and more taking advantage of OPEN Source/LINUX
*Google (Having more than 4,50,000 systems running linux)
* Cisco (uses more than 4000 copies of linux)
* Oracle (shifted 60% of business on linux, their own Unbreakable

Linux)
* Wikipedia *Metallica.com , * WhiteHouse.gov
* Amazon MichaelJackson.com * *Harvard University
* Yahoo Lucas Arts *New York State
* Disney *Portland State Senate
* Reuters University * Linux Foundation
* Merril Lynch * Duke University * Belgian Govt.
* IBM * Stanford University *Discovery Channel
* CNN
* Rackspace
*US Dept. of Defence, National Security Agency (NSA)

* 65% of active websites on Open source
* 85 out of top 100 supercomputers based on Open Source
* even Microsoft uses it on some of its servers & mainframes
*Source Code For Microsoft's MS-DOS And Word Now

Goes 'Open'! ( March 2014) Source : http://www.efytimes.com
*Bill Gates – Charity of US $28 billion to GNU Linux and Open Source
* Microsoft to go to 'open access' for its researchers' publications

* Bill Gates has invested in a start-up called Research Gate, which is
a social network for scientists
* Microsoft unveils REEF (Retainable Evaluator Execution
Framework) open source framework , runs on top of YARN, the next
generation resource manager for Hadoop
*NASA ( National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA was

started in 1958 )
*NASA launched code.nasa.gov to promote open source initatives
* US Army uses Linux-powered rifles

* UK Schools to have Open Source in their IT Curriculum--
Micheal Gove , the eduction secretary , termed the current

curricula as 'harmful and dull' and open source is beyond Excel,
PowerPoint and Word
( Source: “Open Source For You” Magazine Article )
" Go Ahead and copy our Software" says Red Hat CEO
After spending around US$100 Million on developing software,

companies rarely let competitors clone and reproduce it,
Companies like Apples, Samsung, LG,Windows and Google are
investing a whole lot of energy and funds in fighting to protect their
copyrights.
However, according to Red Hat CEO, Jim Whitehurst, Red Hat is one
company that actually encourages cloning.
In Medical Field
-- Open Source Robotic Surgery Platform for top Medical and

Research Labs across the US
-- Robotics experts at the University of California and the

University of Washington have developed a set of seven
Robotic Surgery Systems
--Open Source Drug Discovery ( OSDD) OSDD for Malaria launched

at Sydney, Australia, Feb 2012
A TV Set that runs on Linux
-- NetUP, a Russian Company , rolled out a new TV that runs on

Linux
-- this device enables access to IPTV features, including surfing,

social networking, gaming, Youtube, Skype, Google Maps and
other similar applications without the aid of a regular set-top box.
Open Source Vs Proprietary Application (Web Server)
Survey
Open Source Vs Proprietary Application (Web Server) Survey
[Source:-
http://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/]
August 2011 Web Server Survey
Total Sites Across All Domains :- 463,000,317 sites

(August 1995 – August 2011)
Developer July 2011 August 2011
Apache 235,326,985 301,771,518
Microsoft 60,086,346 73,415,916
nginx 23,357,497 35,533,439
Google 15,641,574 17,061,003
May 2020 Web Server Survey
Total Sites Across All Domains :- 123,8024212 sites

(August 1995 – May 2020)
Developer April 2020 May 2020
Apache 308,143,708 315,019,262
Microsoft 160,121,865 155,042,311
nginx 23,357,497 445,724,550
Google 42,648,748 44,304,867
Next...
Indian Context
Former HRD Minsiter Sh. M M Pallam Raju launched NROER (

National Repository of Open Education Resources)
* NCERT taken initiative of declaring the NROER will carry CC-BY-SA

license in tune with UNESCO's Paris Declaration on Open Education
Resources and will ensure that all the resources are freely
accessible to all , Creative Common - to reuse, revise, remix and
redistribute
Indian Context
* Aadhaar system is a great example of using open source

technologies and extensive data-driven analytics to achieve its
scale and quality (122,79,24,858 Registered as of March 2019)
* AarogyaSetu
* BOSS
Indian Context
* Aadhaar project, it is a 12-digit individual identification number

issued by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)
About Rs. 35 billion (Rs. 3,500 crore) was spent on Aadhaar program from the
beginning (January-2009) till September 2013 with enrollment of 50 crore (500
million) persons
* https://www.covid19india.org/ ( Source Code : https://github.com/covid19india)
* Aarogya Setu (Source Code: https://github.com/nic-delhi/AarogyaSetu_Android)

UIDAI project
"The approved outlay for UID Scheme is Rs 13,633.22 crore for the
period 2009-2017. The total amount spent on the project up to February
28, 2015 was Rs 5,630.48 crore,and generated as many as 78.65 crore
Aadhaar numbers" Planning Minister Rao Inderjit Singh said in a written
reply to Lok Sabha.
Source:
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/govern
ment-expenditure-on-aadhaar-project-is-rs-5630-crore/articleshow/465
56215.cms?from=mdr
FOSS tools that are powering the UIDAI project
For the Aadhaar project, the UIDAI mainly uses FOSS solutions, a list of which is given below.
RabbitMQ: This is an AMQP (advanced message queuing protocol)
standards-based messaging solution for many of the project’s
asynchronous processing needs, with integration and high scalability
via the SEDA (staged event-driven architecture) implemented in Mule.
Mule: This is a light-weight object broker and SEDA runtime instance
used also in orchestrating various stages in batch processing.
The Hadoop stack: HDFS (Hadoop distributed file system) is used to
provide high data read/write throughput in the order of many
terabytes per day. Distributed architecture enables scale out as
needed.
Hive is used for building the UIDAI data warehouse, HBase for
indexed lookup of records across millions of rows, Zookeeper as a
distributed coordination service for server instances, and Pig as an
ETL (extract, transform and load) solution for loading data into
Hive.
Source:https://opensourceforu.com/2011/12/aadhaar-testimony-to-foss-success-in
-india/
Pentaho is used for report generation and OLAP (on-line analytical

processing) analysis. It has good alignment with the rest of the
UIDAI stack.
Apache Tomcat is used as a Web container wherever HTTP access
of dynamic data is needed.
Source:https://opensourceforu.com/2011/12/aadhaar-testimony-to-foss-success-in
-india/
MongoDB: The distributed document oriented database provides

schema flexibility, low latency data reads, and auto-sharding of
content.
Apache Solr is used for fast search index of full text data.
MySQL is the RDBMS store for all relational data that requires ACID
(atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability) properties, which is heavily
sharded for scaling.
Source:https://opensourceforu.com/2011/12/aadhaar-testimony-t
o-foss-success-in-india/
Indian Context
* Rahul De, Hewlett-Packard Chair Professor, IIM Bangalore
released a study on “Economic Impact of FOSS in India” (involving
sample of 20 Organizations)- September 2009
Outcome: India can save Rs10,000 crore in current year, if half the
PCs sold in India come with FOSS
Report Available at :
fosscommunity.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/rahulde_fossrep2009.pdf
[source: www.iimb.ernet.in/~rahulde/RD_FOSSRep2009.pdf ]
Indian Context
* LIC saved a crore on licensing costs by running around 18000

desktops on free software,apart from thousands of servers
* Kerala saved around 49 crores by placing FOSS on 50,000 desktops
in 2800 schools across the state.
* E-commerce arm of a Mumbai-based retail chain saved Rs 3
million by replacing MS Office with Open Office
Indian Context
* Police Stations all over India (For FIR purpose)

* All Judges in India has been given Linux Based Laptops along with
BSNL Broadband where by click of mouse they can refer to the
cases
* IITs -Bombay ,Roorkee,Chennai, Kanpur
* All schools in Kerala
* Central Bank of India (linux in 3000 branches)
* UTI (certain operations on linux)
* Eveready (batteries manufacturer)
* Naukri.com, yatra.com, Indian Express
Indian Context
* IDBI Bank, Canara Bank, New India Insurance, ABN Amro

* BSNL, IRCTC, Airtel
* 18 states including Punjab are running certain pilot projects on
linux
* National Stock Exchange India deployed Linux Cluster Solution
called Prism (Parallel Risk Machine with 30,000 trade transactions
per minute ) & saved Millions
* Indiabulls (A leading online share trading company, more than
10000 customers, daily transactions 1000 crore, 150000 queries per
minute)
Indian Context
* Gujarat based Firm Saved Millions with FOSS

- Atul Limited , part of Rs 90 billion Lalbhai Group (1952)
optimized IT Costs using FOSS (2009)
- Migrated Oracle E-Business Suite Server from AIX Platform to
Linux Platform using MySql
- Primary Desktop OS- Ubuntu, Many Custom
Solutions on LAMP Platform
Indian Context
* SEW Infrastructure Ltd (1959 Hyderabad) saved Rs 100 million by

using XEN, iptables, snort (IDS) , squid, Nagios(N/w and Device
Monitoring System) , Zci and OCS (Asset Mgmt), VOIP Asterisk
(handles million minutes of voice calls per year)
Indian Context
* 4,965 Schools in Punjab using BOSS Linux (installed on about

46,000 Machines) **
* 2600 Schools in Haryana using BOSS Linux (installed on about
52,000 Machines) **
* 15,000 Schools in Gujarat using BOSS Linux (installed on about
1.5 lakh Machines)**
[Source:-
http://epaper.hindustantimes.com/PUBLICATIONS/HT/HC/2011/09/15/ArticleHtml
s/ht-SPECIAL-No-BOSS-15092011001020.shtml?Mode=1]
Indian Context
Former President, Late Shri APJ Abdul Kalam

urge Indians to adopt Free Software
Thousand of Developers in India are focused on Linux
and Open Source Projects
-- Lux Rao , CTO , HP India- Great values of FOSS can not be

underestimtaed
-- HP has bestowed a significant amount of valuable intellectual
property to the open source community for technolgy advances
Some Contributions
-- HP sponsored and initated over 100 Open source Projects,
over 2,000 open source printer drivers, over 200 open source
tools,utilities, libraries and packages
Indian Banks: Will the End of Life of Windows XP Give
Linux a Boost? ( Article from :Open Source for You Magazine- March 2014)
*
*Around 34,115 Indian PSU bank branches are at risk, as Microsoft
confirm about no longer support for Windows XP from 8 April 2014
onwards
*Major issue of Migration -- as waiting time could loss of business

opportunities worth Rs 11,000 million in a day and a loss of income
worth Rs 3,300 million over a period of 3 days ( assuming a major
incident may take 3 days for the systems to come up to normal
functioning)
* The end of life for Windows Xp is one of those opportunities for
banks to leverage the power of Open Source Technology
Why Open Source/LINUX for banking and financial organizations in

India ???
*Open Source Technology is already powering the back-end
infrastructures of many banking and financial organizations across
the globe.
* The NYSE ( New York Stock Exchange) runs Linux ( RHEL) on its
trading platform
*China has successfully deployed Linux over 20,000 branches of
Bank Sector since 2008
* Union Bank of California standardized IT Infrastructure on Linux ,

since 2007
* Banco do Brasil of Brazil, the biggest bank in that country, moved

almost all desktops on Linux, since 2002 Branch Servers and ATMs
all run on Linux ( OpenSUSE 11.2)
Government of India Initiatives on Open Source
The Indian Government has recently proposed to go the Open

Source way in its e-governance projects, and the Department of
Information Technology has issued a Draft Policy in this regard. The
move has been welcomed by the IT Industry. According to a latest
draft policy on e-governance, all new projects must work on Open
Source Operating Systems only.
Government of India Initiatives on Open Source
Govt suggests to use FOSS
Sending this letter to various educational institutes, Directors and

VCs of Central Universities and specially AICTE for adopting SciLab
and many other FOSS tool.
Some More Developments
* Android OS for Mobile Devices

* Google Chrome OS (Released in June, 2010, almost virus free)
* SELinux (devolped by NSA)
* BOSS (India's own OS supporting regional languages)
BOSS
BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions) GNU/Linux distribution

developed by C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced
Computing) in all the Official Indian Languages such as Assamese,
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya,
Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Bodo, Urdu, Kashmiri, Maithili,
Konkani, Manipuri which will enable the mainly non-English
literate users in the country
Open Source/LINUX Benefits
* Low Cost
* More Secure
* More Reliable & Stable
* Based on Open Standards
* Localization
* No Piracy Issues (one can make copies of CD/DVDs & distribute)
* One can customize LINUX according to their needs
* Almost Virus Free
Open Source in Engineering
Scientific Applications and Research
● Virtualization Software/ Virtualization Technology

( Hypervisor)
● Operating Systems: https://distrowatch.com/
* Source Code :
http://sourceforge.net or ( sf.net )
https://github.com
● Open CourseWare : http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm
● Research Thesis : http://dspace.mit.edu
* Open Access Journals : http://doaj.org
* Open Source Courseware Animation Repository:

http://oscar.iitb.ac.in
● Skills Learning Resources :

http://www.spoken-tutorial.org
● Projects :
leadingindia.ai
http://ekalavya.it.iitb.ac.in/availableprojects.do
● Applications: osalt.com
Open Source Tools in Engineering
● Real Time Open Source Tools/ Implementations in Education,

Industry and R&D
● Scilab
* Scilab is free and open source software for numerical
computation providing a powerful computing environment for
engineering and scientific applications.
* Scilab is specialized in handling matrices (basic matrix

manipulation, concatenation, transpose, inverse, etc.) and
numerical computations. Also it has an open programming
environment that allows users to create their own functions and
libraries
● Grid Computing Tools

* Globus is open source Grid software that addresses the most
challenging problems in distributed resource sharing
* NGrid is an open source (LGPL) grid computing framework

written in C#. NGrid aims to be platform independent via the Mono
project. NGrid aims to provide a transparent multithread
programming model for grid programming.
● Grid Computing Tools

* OGC (Open Grid Computing) provides hardware and software
development services for customers designing, building and
deploying high performance computing applications on Open
Source systems
* P-GRADE Portal — Grid portal software enabling the creation,

execution and monitoring of workflows through high-level Web
interfaces
● Distributed/Cloud Computing Tools

* Globus
* Cloud SIM
* OWNCLOUD--- [http://owncloud.org/install/
Like dropbox, googledrive
● HPCN (High Performance Computing & Networking)

* A Measure of Performance... !
Traditionally HPC systems have been used in the scientific and
engineering fields.These fields are dominated by simulations:
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).

Molecular Dynamics (MD)
Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD).
Codes are almost exclusively written in Fortran 77 (90%) and C.
● Parallel Computing
* Users can benefit greatly from the parallel computing
capabilities available in OpenFOAM
* Almost everything, from meshing, pre-processing, through
simulation, to post-processing, runs in parallel as standard; no
stage is limited to run on a single CPU on the memory allocated to
that CPU.
* The cost of parallel simulation is affordable to all because
OpenFOAM is free.
● DATA MINING Tools

* Environment for DeveLoping KDD-Applications Supported by
Index-Structures (ELKI) - data mining software framework written
in Java with a focus on clustering and outlier detection methods.
jHepWork — Java-based data analysis framework
Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME)
Rattle based on R, open source, GUI
http://rattle.togaware.com/
● Orange (software) — data visualization and data mining for novice
and experts, through visual programming or Python scripting.
Extensions for bioinformatics and text mining.
● RapidMiner — data mining software written in Java, fully
integrating Weka, featuring 350+ operators for preprocessing,
machine learning, visualization, etc.
● Scriptella ETL — ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) and script execution
tool. Supports integration with J2EE and Spring. Provides
connectors to CSV, LDAP, XML, JDBC/ODBC and other data sources.
● Weka — data mining software written in Java featuring machine
learning operators for classification, regression, and clustering.
● Other Tools in Science & Technology
CellProfiler
Endrov
FIJI (software)
ImageJ
● Molecular dynamics
Ascalaph Designer
GROMACS, LAMMPS
MDynaMix, NAMD
● Molecule viewer
Avogadro, BALLView, Jmol, Molekel
MeshLab, able to import PDB dataset and build up
surfaces from them
PyMOL, QuteMol , RasMol
● Nanotechnology
Ninithi - visualize and analyze the carbon allotropes such
as Carbon nanotube, Fullerene, Graphene nanoribbons
Other Resources
* http://en.wikipedia.org/
*http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-linu
xboot/
* http://yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialInitProcess.htm
* https://www.kernel.org/
Linux Foundation launches courses for developers
* Open Stack Cloud Architecture and Deployment

* Linux Enterprise Automation
Useful Websites and Resources
1) http://knowfree.net/
2) http://www.linux-books.us/debian.php
3) http://www.ignouonline.ac.in/websancproj/
4) http://www.ignouonline.ac.in/sakshat/
5) http://www.ftacademy.org/materials
6) http://www.linux.com/directory/Books
7) http://ijeit.com/archive.php
8) http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/home
9) yolinux.com
10) http://opendatacommons.org/guide
Python Resources and Code
● Download & Install Python ,https://anaconda.org/ and https://www.anaconda.com/
● Anaconda (Highly Recommended) →

Default Editor → Spyder , To Start IDLE → Open “Anaconda Prompt” and write “idle”
● Byte of Python Very good and easy tutorial to learn advances in python.
http://python.swaroopch.com/
● Scipy, NumPy, Matplotlib [Important]

Specialised libraries for python for various operations such as interpolation, optimization, linear
algebra, signal processing, Fourier transformation, etc,
http://www.scipy.org → Go to Documentation
http://www.numpy.org, http://matplotlib.org → for Plotting;
● Go to Gallery and ExamplesBasics Plotting using Python

http://www.ast.uct.ac.za/~sarblyth/pythonGuide/PythonPlottingBeginnersGuide.pdf
https://plot.ly/python/ , https://pypi.org
● Machine Learning using Python [Important]
http://scikit-learn.org
● Principal Component Analysis and Least Discernment Analysis using Python
● http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/03/practical-guide-principal-component-analysis-python/
http://sebastianraschka.com/Articles/2014_pca_step_by_step.html
● http://sebastianraschka.com/Articles/2014_python_lda.html
● Graph Theory using Python
● Graph Tools → http://graph-tool.skewed.de → Go to Documentation
● iGraph → http://igraph.org/python/
● NetworkX → https://networkx.github.io → Documentation + Examples + Tutorial
● Python Packages for research [Most Important] https://pypi.org

https://github.com/anujshah1003/useful-scripts-for-handling-data
Useful Libraries in Python
(
https://www.zeolearn.com/magazine/python-libraries-for-machine-learning)
https://www.pythonanywhere.com/batteries_included/
This presentation is the courtesy of
FOSS Community
Details: https://fosscommunity.wordpress.com/python-libraries/
For Further enquiries / knowledge Contribution/Events/Ideas.....
Contact at fosschd@gmail.com
Blog :- FOSSCommunity.wordpress.com

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Free and Open Source

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Here's a list of 9 other powerful technologies

The largest search giant Google, the biggest

Linux On Air Traﬀic Control Systems

The FAA's (Federal Aviation Administration) Common ARTS software

Linux Powers The New York Stock Exchange

One of the fastest moving businesses of trading stocks, bonds and

In-Vehicle-Infotainment And Communications Systems Of Toyota

In-Vehicle-infotainment (IVI) systems which are used in

And one of the largest automobile manufacturers, Toyota is using

Linux Helping In Power Particle Physics Research

CERN, the largest particle physics laboratory of the world trusts

Nuclear Submarines Running On Linux

The U.S. Department of Defense is using Linux in many of its

Supercomputer (Raijin based in Australia) name

8. Open Source Powers Japan's Bullet Trains

9. High-Tech Road Traﬀic Control Running On Open Source!

Closed-source software is hidden to prevent the user either viewing or

Freedom 1: The freedom to run the program for any purpose.

A Computer Security Institute/FBI report in 2006 stated that the

*Leading Technology companies like Facebook, Oracle, Yahoo,

*Google (Having more than 4,50,000 systems running linux)

* Cisco (uses more than 4000 copies of linux)

* Oracle (shifted 60% of business on linux, their own Unbreakable

*US Dept. of Defence, National Security Agency (NSA)

*Source Code For Microsoft's MS-DOS And Word Now

* Microsoft to go to 'open access' for its researchers' publications

*NASA ( National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA was

*NASA launched code.nasa.gov to promote open source initatives

* US Army uses Linux-powered rifles

* UK Schools to have Open Source in their IT Curriculum--

Micheal Gove , the eduction secretary , termed the current

After spending around US$100 Million on developing software,

-- Open Source Robotic Surgery Platform for top Medical and

-- Robotics experts at the University of California and the

--Open Source Drug Discovery ( OSDD) OSDD for Malaria launched

-- NetUP, a Russian Company , rolled out a new TV that runs on

-- this device enables access to IPTV features, including surfing,

Open Source Vs Proprietary Application (Web Server) Survey

Total Sites Across All Domains :- 463,000,317 sites

Total Sites Across All Domains :- 123,8024212 sites

Former HRD Minsiter Sh. M M Pallam Raju launched NROER (

* NCERT taken initiative of declaring the NROER will carry CC-BY-SA

* Aadhaar system is a great example of using open source

* Aadhaar project, it is a 12-digit individual identification number

* https://www.covid19india.org/ ( Source Code : https://github.com/covid19india)

* Aarogya Setu (Source Code: https://github.com/nic-delhi/AarogyaSetu_Android)

Pentaho is used for report generation and OLAP (on-line analytical

MongoDB: The distributed document oriented database provides

* LIC saved a crore on licensing costs by running around 18000

* Police Stations all over India (For FIR purpose)

* IDBI Bank, Canara Bank, New India Insurance, ABN Amro

* Gujarat based Firm Saved Millions with FOSS

* SEW Infrastructure Ltd (1959 Hyderabad) saved Rs 100 million by

* 4,965 Schools in Punjab using BOSS Linux (installed on about

Former President, Late Shri APJ Abdul Kalam

-- Lux Rao , CTO , HP India- Great values of FOSS can not be

*Major issue of Migration -- as waiting time could loss of business

Why Open Source/LINUX for banking and financial organizations in

* Union Bank of California standardized IT Infrastructure on Linux ,

* Banco do Brasil of Brazil, the biggest bank in that country, moved

The Indian Government has recently proposed to go the Open