CRYSTALLIZATION

A hot solution containing 35% MgSO 4 and 65% H2O is cooled to 600F, the temperature at which the
solubility of MgSO4 in water is 0.245 g MgSO4/g solution. During cooling, 4 percent of the total water in
the system evaporates. Assuming that the mother liquor does not adhere to the crystals, how many
kilograms of MgSO4.7H2O crystals are obtained per metric ton of the original mixture? The molecular
weights of MgSO4 and H2O are 120.37 and 18.02 g/mol, respectively. (457.7 kg)

The solubility of barium nitrate at 100 0C is 34 g/100 g of H2O and at 00C is 5.0 g/100 g of H 2O. You start
with 100 g of Ba(NO3)2 and make a saturated solution in water at 100 0C. If the saturated solution is
cooled to 00C, how much Ba(NO3)2 is precipitated out of solution? The precipitated crystals carry along
them on their surface 4 g of H2O per 100 g of crystals. (85.47 g)

An aqueous feed of 25% (by weight) KCl is to be processed using an evaporator-crystallizer system with
recycle stream. The stream coming out of the evaporator is 65% KCl. In the crystallizer, KCl crystals (3%
H2O per kg crystals) are acquired, and a recycled stream (0.45 kg KCl/kg H 2O) is mixed with the feed. If
the fresh feed is supplied at 2000 kg/hr, calculate the ratio of the recycle stream with the water
removed by the evaporator. Answer to 3 significant figures. Assume molar masses of K = 39.10 g/mol, Cl
= 35.45 g/mol. (0.327)

HUMIDIFICATION

Two hundred grams of steam is injected into a large enclosed container containing 50 kg of air. If the
temperature is 300C and the pressure is 1.2 atm, calculate the percentage humidity and relative
humidity. The vapor pressure of water at 30 0C is 30 mm Hg. Use 18 and 29 as the molar masses of water
and air, respectively. (PH=18.95%, RH=19.47%)

DRYING

One drier will dry the material from 45% (wet basis) to 20% (dry basis.) From here, the material enters
another drier where the H 2O content is further reduced to give the final product weighing 100 kg. If the
total evaporation from both driers is 800 kg, the moisture of the final product is ___ . (1%)

A wet material having a critical moisture content of 15 % and an equilibrium moisture content of 3 %
took 6 hours to dry from 45 % to 10 % moisture. The time it will take to dry to 15 % is (all moisture
content is in dry basis). (5 hrs)

Wet solids are to be dried from 36 % to 8 % moisture in 5 hours under constant drying conditions. Xtc =
14 %, Xe = 4%. All moisture contents are on a dry basis. The additional time it will take to dry from 8 % to
5.5 % moisture under the same drying conditions is (1.6 hrs)

A porous material dries in the open air at a rate approximately proportional to its moisture content. If a
sheet hang in the wind loses half of its free moisture in an hour, how many hours will it lost 99% of its
free moisture? (6.6 hrs)

A slab 4 cm thick (x eq=0 and xc=0.1) was dried from x=0.15 to x=0.04 for 3.5 hours. How long did the slab
dry under the falling rate period? (2.19 hrs)
If the rate of drying under constant drying condition with air at 140 OF and absolute humidity of 0.031 lb
water/lb dry air of unknown mass of solid is given by:

R = 0.5 – e-60x lb H2O/hr-ft2

Then equilibrium moisture content of the material is _____ (in dry basis). (X=0.01155)

It takes 6 hours to dry a wet solid from 50% water to the critical moisture content of 15%. How much
longer will it take to dry the solid to 10% water, under the same drying conditions (the equilibrium
moisture content of the solid is 5%)? All given values are on a dry basis. Express answer in minutes and
as a whole number. (71 minutes)

Drying of a sample from 20% moisture to 15% moisture takes 2 hours. If the critical moisture content is
16%, and the equilibrium moisture content is 4%, how long will it take to dry the sample to a free
moisture content of 5%? (5.75 hrs)

HEAT TRANSFER

An oil storage a tank has 20 mm steel walls covered with 50 mm of fiberglass insulation (k = 0.05 W∙m -
1 -1
∙K ). The external air heat transfer coefficient was found to be 5 W∙m -2∙K-1. By how much (%) would the
heat loss be reduced by doubling the thickness f the insulation? Assume all other resistances to heat
transfer are negligible. (45.45%)

A truncated solid cone is of circular cross section, and a diameter that varies with the axial direction (x)
as D = ax3/2, where a = 1.0m-1/2. The sides of the cone are well insulated, while top and bottom surfaces
are maintained at T1 and T2. What is the heat transfer rate across the cone if it was made of pure
aluminum, and given T1 = 100°C; T2 = 20°C; x1 = 0.075m; x2 = 0.225m? Use k of aluminum = 174 W/m-K.
(126.8 W)