In those given scenarios, we need to decide and choose between the moral and immoral act.

When
choosing one moral which results to violating another or doing one thing that could bring positive
results but is morally wrong, is called an ethical dilemma. according to the book ethical dilemma is a
situation a person faces in which a decision must be made about an appropriate behavior. Typically, an
ethical dilemma exists when two or more ethical principles or standards are conflicting with each other.
When we encounter ethical dilemmas our first instinct may be to find a quick fix. However, our desire
for resolution may cause us to misidentify the key issues or overlook important facts, therefore we need
to have a strong foundation on resolving these ethical dilemmas.

in recent years a formal framework have been developed to help people resolve these ethical dilemmas
with the purpose of identifying ethical issues and deciding an appropriate course of action using
person's own values.

6step approach in resolving ethical dilemmas:

Obtain relevant facts

Basically, you have obtain the facts first before jumping to conclusions as these clarifies the assumptions
that you are making.

Identify the issue

State the conflict or dilemma as you currently see it: Try to articulate the issue in one sentence. If you
can’t, it may be better to break the problem down into two questions or issues and tackle them one at a
time. Because there may be multiple ethical issues but you have to focus on one major one at a time.

Determine who is affected by the outcome of the dilemma and how each person or group is affected

Identify who are the primary and secondary stakeholders affected and determine how they are affected
by means of Perspective-taking ㅡ see things thru the eyes of those individuals affected.

Identify the alternatives available to the person who must resolve the dilemma

While identifying alternatives, Write down also the pros and cons of your decision as this gives clear
picture and organized alternatives and easily Identify the consequences of each alternatives which is the
5th step. In deciding the cosequences of each alternative, it is essential to evaluate both short and long
term effects, however there is natural tendency to emphasize the consequences of the short term
because it occurs quickly even tho long terms effects are more important.

For the last step, decide an appropriate course of action thru mapping out the best way to resolve the
problem while considering the potential actions base on consequences, obligations and moral
approaches.
Here is an Illustrative case which is from the book so basically this if for those who dont have their books
yet: