Homework 3

I. Bernoulli’s Equation

Reduce to linear form and solve the following equations.

1 1
1. 𝑦 ′ + 3 𝑦 = 3 (1 − 2𝑥)𝑦 4
2. 𝑦 ′ + 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 −1

II. Substitution Suggested by the Equation

1. (3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0

2. (𝑘𝑒 2𝑣 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑒 2𝑣 (𝑒 2𝑣 + 𝑘𝑢)𝑑𝑣
III. Decomposition/Growth

(The Example 4 that is mentioned in the problem below is the exponential decay problem discussed in
Lesson 3- Application of 1st-Order DE.)

IV. Mixing Problem

1. A tank contains 400 gal of brine in which 100 lb of salt are dissolved. Fresh water runs into the tank at
the rate of 2 gal/min, and the mixture, kept practically uniform by stirring, runs out of the same rate. How
much salt will there be in the tank at the end of 1 hour?

2. What will happen in Mixing Problem Example 2 (an additional problem in Lesson 3) if we replace cos 𝑡
by 𝑒 −0.1𝑡 cos 𝑡? First guess. Then calculate and plot.

V. Newton’s Law of Cooling

A thermometer, reading 5°𝐶, is brought into a room whose temperature is 22°𝐶. One minute later the
thermometer reading is 12°𝐶. How long does it take until the reading is practically 22°𝐶, say, 21.9°𝐶.

VI. Electric Circuits

RL-Circuits
1. (Inductive time constant) Show that 𝜏𝐿 = 𝐿/𝑅 is the time at which the current (5∗∗ ) reaches
about 63% of its final value.
2. (Half of final value) At what time will the current (5∗∗ ) reach half of its theoretical maximum
value?
3. (Choice of L) What 𝐿 should we choose in (4) with 𝐸 = 𝐸0 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡 and 𝑅 = 1000 ohms if we
want the current to grow from 0 to 25% of its final value within 10−4 sec?

RC-Circuit
4. A capacitor (C=0.2 farad) in series with a resistor (R=200 ohms) is charged from a voltage source
(𝐸0 = 24 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠); see Fig. 25 with 𝐸(𝑡) = 𝐸0 . Find the voltage 𝑉(𝑡) on the capacitor, assuming
that at 𝑡 = 0 the capacitor is completely uncharged.
5. (Discharge of a capacitor) Show that (7) can also be written
𝑑𝑄 1
(12) 𝑅 + 𝑄 = 𝐸(𝑡),
𝑑𝑡 𝐶
where 𝑄 is the amount of charge that varies with time. Solve this equation with 𝐸(𝑡) = 0,
assuming 𝑄(0) = 𝑄0 .
6. In (12) in Prob. 5, let R=10 ohms and C=0.1 farad, and let 𝐸(𝑡) be exponentially decaying, say,
𝐸(𝑡) = 30𝑒 −3𝑡 volts. Assuming 𝑄(0) = 0, find and graph 𝑄(𝑡). At what time does 𝑄(𝑡) reach a
maximum? What is the maximum charge?
7. (Periodic electromotive force) Find the steady-state solutions of (12) when R=50 ohms. C=0.04
farad, and 𝐸(𝑡) = 100 cos 2𝑡 + 25 sin 2𝑡 + 200 cos 4𝑡 + 25 sin 4𝑡. (This applied voltage is
periodic)