TM4030

PROBLEMATIKA PRODUKSI

PR #1

NAMA : Anwar Santoso (12217026)

Riyaz Ghulam Anwary (12217052)

Muhammad Fatchurrozi (12217060)

DOSEN : Silvya Dewi Rahmawati S.Si,M.Si.,Ph.D.

TANGGAL PENYERAHAN : 3 February 2020

ASISTEN : 1. Heksa Budi Santoso (12216013)

2. Muhammad Irfan (12216019)

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN DAN PERMINYAKAN

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

2020
1. Turner Equation
The general free settling velocity equation:

2 g m p ( ρ p−ρ)
V t=
√ ρ p ρ Ap Cd

Since the surface tension of the liquid phase acts to draw the drop into spheroidal
shape, it can be written in terms of the drop “diameter”:

d ( ρl −ρg )
V t =6.55
√ ρg Cd

A relationship between the maximum drop diameter and the velocity of a liquid drop
can be written:

30 σ gc
dm=
ρ g V 2t

By substituting the maximum diameter, the terminal velocity equation becomes

1.3 σ 1/ 4 ( ρl−ρ g )1 /4
V t=
C 1/d 4 ρ1/g 2

Equation above requires a knowledge of the interfacial tension and the drag
coefficient.

Based on the drop size prediction of equation maximum drop diameter. This is the
range where the drag coefficient is relatively constant at a value of 0.44. If this value
is used, and the coefficient is corrected to allow the use of the values of surface
tension in dynes per centimeter, The equation becomes:

17.6 σ 1/ 4 ( ρl− ρg )1 /4
V t=
ρ1g/2

Equation above may be used to calculate the minimum gas flow velocity necessary to
remove liquid drops.
 2. Li Min Equation
Critical gas rate equation :

σ ( ρl−ρ g)
V t =2.5
√ ρ2g

Drag coefficient (Cd value) : 1.0

Liquid drop geometry : Ellipsoid

3. New Model by Wang and Zhang

Critical gas rate equation :

σ ( ρ l−ρ g)
V t =2.32
√ ρ2g

Drag coefficient (Cd value) : 1.355

Liquid drop geometry : Disk-like ellipsoid

4. New Model by Ruiqing Ming and Huiqun He ( Transient and Turbulent Flow )
1
σ ( ρl− ρg )
V t =B
( ρ2g ) 4

1
0.1 sinβ+ cosβ
B=4.5 ( Cd ) 4

C d=−3.316 x 10−18 R e3 +7.3 x 10−12 R e2 −4.918 x 10−6 ℜ+ 1.143

References

Turner, R. G., Hubbard, M. G., Dukler, A.E.: Analysis and Prediction of Minimum Flow
Rate for Continuous Removal of Liquids from Gas Wells, SPE 2198, SPE Gas Tech.
Symposium ( 1969 )

Nagoo,A.S.: Gas Velocity-Based Lift Curves for Quantifying Lost Liquids Production in Oil
-Rich Permian and Delaware Basin Horizontal Gas Wells, SPE-191772-MS,SPE Liquids-
Rich Basin Conferences

Luo,S., Kelkar.M.,Pereyra,E.,Sarica,C.: A New Comprehensive Model for Predicting Liquid

Loading in Gas Wells, SPE Production & Operations J.,SPE-172501-PA Nov. ( 2014 )

LI Min, SUN Lei and LI Shi-lun. A new unloading model for gas[J]. Natrual Gas Industry,
2001, 21(5): 61-63(in Chinese).
WANG Li-yang, ZHENG Zhi-chu. Numerical and experimental study on liquid-solid flow in
a hydrocyclone[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2009, 21( 3): 408-414.