HISTORY

Saudi Arabia and the USA  have a relationship that stretches back nearly a century, since

the 1933 kickoff of oil exploration within the kingdom. The two countries have maintained a
baseline of economic and safety cooperation that has stored ties among them . Saudi Arabia
is the USA  biggest overseas military income customer, and the USA  has long had
a physical and advisory army role inside the country. The U.S.-Saudi Arabia alliance
is built on manyyears of security cooperationand strong business ties ruled bywayof U.S. pursuit
s in Saudi oil. the connection has survived excessive demanding situations, such as the 1973 oil
embargo and 11th of September attacks, in which fifteen of the 19 passenger jet hijackers have
been Saudi residents.Successive U.S. administrations have held that Saudi Arabia is a important
strategic companion within the region.In 1933 USA and saudia Arabia establish diplomatic
relations.In 1938 Aramco was established.In1944 USA opens an emabasy in Jeddah.In1945
throughout global warfare II, the U.S. realizes the importance of Saudi oil. As a result, President
Franklin D. Roosevelt meets with the Saudis  an oil-for-safety courting.In 1950 Aramco and
Saudi Arabia begin a 50-50 income-sharing agreement.In 1951 The U.S. and the Saudis begin a
formal mutual defense relationship. A U.S. navy training mission is set up in Saudi Arabia, and
theU.S. army Corps of Engineers aids in its creation.1953 King Abdel Aziz dies and is
succeeded by means of his son, Crown Prince In1960 organization of Petroleum
Exporting nations (OPEC) is set up with Saudi Arabia as a founding member.In1963 at some
stage in the civil war in neighboring Yemen Egyptian aircraft bomb targets internal Saudi
territory. President Kennedy sends an F-a hundred squadron daily Saudi Arabia in reaction.1964
Faisl kingand starts amodernization program.In1973SaudiArabiaAramco begin negotiations leadi
ng day Saudi control of the agency by 1980.In 1973 Saudi Arabia leads an oil boycott by OPEC
states in response everyday Western support of Israel. Oil expenses quadruple.In 1975 King
Faisal is assassinated. he's succeeded by using Crown Prince Khalid. 1979 as a result of day the
Egypt-Israel peace treaty, Saudi Arabia breaks relations with Egypt
and starts searchingfor aid from other Arab countries for economic sanctions in opposition
to Egypt.In1980 Saudi Arabia profits complete control of
Aramco, formerly controlled throughtheUS.In1980Saudi cash, each from authorities investment 
and private charitable giving, supported the U.S.-backed Mujahadeen, Islamic
Islamist soldiers preventing the Soviets in Afghanistan.IN1982 King Khalid dies of
a heart assault and is succeeded via his brother, Crown Prince Fahd.In 1990 Iraq invades Kuwait.
Saudi Arabia condemns the invasion and appeals everyday the U.S. day intervene.
1991 Saudi Arabia contributes land and air forces daily the U.S.-led coalition towards
Iraq throughout the Gulf battle.1994 Osama Bin weighted down is exiled from Saudi Arabia for
his opposition day-to-day the Saudi royal regime, which he asserts is unlawful.
1995 1996 Terrorist bombing at the Khobar Towers U.S. military complicated near Dhahran kills
19 and wounds 300.In, 2001 Crown Prince Abdullah sends a letter daily President Bush
criticizing the U.S. role on Israeli-Palestinian violence.9/11, 2001 the world trade center in new
york and Pentagon in Washington every d DC are goals of a terrorist attack. Of the nineteen Al-
Qaeda hijackers accountable for the assaults, 15 are located  have been Saudi residents,
allegedly operating below the course of Osama Bin Laden .January 2002 even as U.S. aid for
Israel keeps every day anger the Saudi government and populace, Crown Prince
Abdullah continues that Saudi-U.S. relations continue to be strong.
August 20, 2002 a piece of writing in Britian's financial instances reviews that
Saudi investors have pulled out more than $100 billion dollars from U.S. establishments.
greater than three hundred households of the victims of the Sep 11 assaults record a $1 trillion
lawsuit in opposition to Saudi individuals, groups, banks and charities.
2002 The new york-based Council on overseas relations' impartial mission pressure releases
itsreport, "Terrorist Financing," alleging that the Saudi regime has constantly became its back on
Saudi charities and people that fund Al-Qaeda . america seeks to play down reports it
is unhappy with Saudi ASISTANCE  for its war on terrorism. In April 25, 2002 - Bush and Saudi
Crown Prince Abdullah meet in Texas amid Saudi warnings
thaBush should moderate U.S. help for Israel’s battle with the Palestinians
or danger “grave outcomes.” Bush urges Israel to finish a withdrawal from
Palestinian areas without in addition bloodshed The U.S. scrambles to assure Saudi Arabia that
its policy toward its Gulf best friend has now not changed after reports of a July briefing to a
Pentagon advisory panel depicting Riyadh as an emerging enemy and backer of terrorism.
In 2003 - Saudi Arabia vows it will take no part in a U.S.-led battle on “brotherly Iraq”.
Prince Saud warns that Saudi Arabia’s alliance with the U.S. may be damaged if
the war against Iraq drags on or becomes a bloodbath for Iraqi civilians.
 11 - 3 suicide bombers assault a compound in the Saudi capital Riyadh killing as a
minimum 35 americans and Saudis. The U.S. and Saudi Arabia say they will launch a
joint mission pressurein Riyadh to tackle funding of terrorism.
I 2004 Muslim leaders in Saudi Arabia reject a U.S. state department record accusing Saudi
Arabia of severe violations of religious freedom.2005 - Bush meets Crown Prince Abdullah in
Texas, pressing Saudi Arabia to take steps to alleviation -high oil prices, but the Crown Prince
insisted that worldwide elements have been adequate.- Bush offers U.S. condolences for the loss
of life of Saudi King Fahd and promises a near partnership with Saudi
Arabia below the leadership of the new monarch, King Abdullah.- Saudi Arabia says it
will cross ahead with plans to expand oil productiondespite U.S. dreams of slicing dependence
on crude from the middle East. 2007- Saudi Arabia’s former envoy to Washington, Prince Turki
al-Faisal, says that the Bush administration’s talk of breaking its dependency on foreign oil is a
political myth.

Bibliography:
Chughtai, A. (2017). US-Saudia Relations. AlJazeera , 2.

Cutler, D. (2008). US-Saudia rlations since 9/11. Reuters , 2.

Defense and Counterterrorism

Saudi Arabia plays a prominent role in maintaining security in the Middle East, due to its
economic, political, and cultural importance and its strategic location. Given as very complicated
security challenges facing by the region which includes countering violent extremism from the
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), as well as many other extremist groups. The US works
with Saudi Arabia to support counterterrorism efforts and their shared interests in the regional
peace. The United States remains committed to providing the Saudi armed forces with the
equipment, training, and follow-on support necessary to protect Saudi Arabia, and the region,
from the destabilizing effects of terrorism, countering Iranian influence, and other threats. Saudi
Arabia is the United States’ largest foreign military sales (FMS) customer, with over $114 billion
in active cases. Trump signed an agreement for sale of US weapons worth $350 billion to the
Saudis over a period of ten years. Of this, weapons worth $110 billion would be supplied
immediately, the rest being supplied later. The Saudis have agreed to receive training from U.S.
forces on Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) and best practices for preventing civilian casualties
and other conflicts. Planned training events for the Royal Saudi Air Force and other Saudi
security forces will specifically include further training on the armed forces and air-to-ground
targeting processes. Future bilateral and multi-lateral training is designed to improve the Saudi
security forces’ understanding of identifying, targeting and engaging correct targets while
minimizing collateral damage and civilian casualties.

Refrences:

https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-saudi-arabia-relations

https://www.state.gov/t/pm/rls/fs/2019/288671.htm

U.S Interest In Saudi-Arabia Yemen War

Goals of U.S:-
In 2015, the United States has provided intelligence, military advice, and logistical support to
the Saudi Arabia–led military intervention in Yemen. U.S. stated goals for this assistance are to
restore the UN-recognized government of Yemen and preserve Saudi territorial integrity from
incursion by Yemen-based Houthi rebels. The United States, attempting to solidify its
relationship with the Saudis in preparation for its then-pending nuclear deal with Iran. U.S.
support for the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen has raised important questions and implications
about how the United States increasingly relies on partners to achieve common security
objectives in complex operating environments.
America’s controversial relationship with Saudi Arabia:-
America’s controversial relationship with Saudi Arabia was thrust into the spotlight once
again that Saudi Arabia have used the US-manufactured weapons as a form of currency to buy
the loyalties of militias or tribes,” in Yemen, many of which are affiliated with Al Qaeda.
Congress finally poised to consider the merits of America’s military involvement in Yemen,
the decision of its ostensible allies to transfer American-made weapons to its enemies should
be viewed as the last straw. The Saudi-led and U.S.-backed military campaign in support of
beleaguered Yemeni president Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi has failed to materially improve the
conditions on the ground. America should end its support for the coalition and condition
further arms sales to Saudi Arabia their offensive military operations in Yemen and
aggressively pursuing a negotiated peace settlement between the warring parties.
Military support of U.S to Saudi Arabia:-
Saudi Arabia entered the Yemen conflict in March of 2015. It began offering intelligence
sharing, targeting assistance for munitions and midair refueling for Saudi warplanes. America
has also conducted its own air strikes and special forces operations against terrorist groups
operating inside Yemen. Saudi Arabia initially labeled its intervention efforts as “Operation
Decisive Storm,” betraying confidence in its ability to quickly dispatch of anti-government
forces. American support for the coalition and threatening to suspend arms sales to its leading
members would force Saudi Arabia to end or dramatically reduce their military operations in
Yemen. “The Saudi military is heavily dependent on U.S. weapons and support, and could not
operate effectively without them”

Saudi Arabia broadly depends on American military support to guarantee their regional
security. If nothing else, ending weapon sales would drastically disrupt their ability to conduct
military operations in the short-term while putting at risk the supply of weapons they need on
to continue the war in the long-term. The United States has a vested interest in eliminating Al
Qaeda’s foothold in Yemen. It can continue its solo campaign against the terror group even
while withdrawing support for the fight against the Outhits.
Trump’s Administration:-
The Trump administration has launched its most concerted effort yet to pressure Saudi Arabia to
end the conflict in Yemen amid growing opposition in Congress to U.S. military support for the
kingdom’s war there. “It is time to end this conflict, replace conflict with compromise, and allow
the Yemeni people to heal through peace and reconstruction,” Pompeo said. The US House of
Representatives approved a resolutio that would force the Trump administration to withdraw US
troops from involvement in Yemen, in a rebuke of Donald Trump’s alliance with the Saudi-led
coalition behind the military intervention. Lawmakers in both parties are increasingly uneasy
over the humanitarian crisis in Yemen and are skeptical of the US partnership with that coalition,
especially in light of Saudi Arabia’s role in the killing of Jamal Khashoggi, a critic of the royal
family.

References:-

https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/...yemen-saudi-arabia/571465/

https://qz.com/1514582/us-supports-saudi-war-in-yemen-even-after-senate-votes-no/

https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/09/...yemen-saudi.../571465/

CURRENT SCENARIO:

Under Trump Administration:

Upon the appointment of Saudi Prince Muhammad Bin Salman, as the Crown Prince of
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a lot has changed. As per the 2030 vision of Saudi Crown Prince, he
has took giant steps in boosting the economy and increasing the amount and chances of foreign
investments in the country. He has invited a lot of criticism for initiation of counter corruption
drive where many Saudi elites have been arrested without any formal charges. He has also,
eliminated all contenders within the royal family out of fear that they might take over the thrown
that rightfully belongs to MBS.

As far as the new Trump Administration is concerned, they have cozy relations with KSA and
Trump has stood beside the Crown Prince despite all the criticism. Donald Trump went to KSA
on his maiden visit before going anywhere else. He has welcomed and hailed the new Crown
Prince regardless of the incident of the Saudi born, Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi
murdered in the Saudi embassy in Istanbul, Turkey. While many called out the monarch of
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi in November, the U.S. levied
sanctions against several Saudi officials who were under suspicion. However, President
Trump dismissed all proposals to cut arms sales to the Crown Prince and believed in the
assertions that he did not order the killing, overshadowing the reports of the Central
Intelligence Agency of United States of America.

Current Financial Ties:

In regards to financial ties, they have moved beyond oil trade to investments in Silicon Valley.
Saudi Arabia has managed to become one of the biggest investor and backer of the Silicon
Valley and US market. Much of the investment has moved from industrial sector to
technological, where KSA has invested billions of dollars in large scale operating companies,
these are, Uber and Lyft (ride share platforms), Magic Leap (augmented reality), Lucid Motors
(car manufacturing), Virgin Galactic (aerospace), Beam Reach Solar (energy), Twitter and Snap
(social media network), Siluria Technology and Rive Technology (oil and gas), Digital Signal
(face recognition technology) and numerous others. Several international fundraising for
private firms and funds used to make stops in KSA and many American and European firms
either opened or expanded operations in Saudi Arabia since it opened its stock market to
foreign investors in 2015. But since the murder of The Washington Post columnist, many
investors have pulled out of Riyadh as a protest.

This development has left a drastic impact on the Foreign Investment accumulation in Saudi
Arabia and the 2030 vision does not look like it would be completing its course anytime
soon.