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Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology | aoP, published online 9 june 2010; doi:10.1038/nrm2920

A u tO P H AGy Autophagosomal membranes


should contain lipid components of

From one membrane to another mitochondrial outer membranes if


they originate from them. The lipid
mitochondrial
outer
phosphotidylserine is transferred from
During starvation-induced autophagy, not due to mitophagy (the selective the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to membrane
double-membrane structures called autophagic capture of mitochondria), mitochondria, where it is converted to contributes to
autophagosomes engulf cytosol or as inner mitochondrial membrane phosphotidylethanolamine, which is
organelles and deliver them to lysosomes and mitochondrial matrix markers did conjugated to LC3 in autophagosome
[autophago-
to be degraded and released as not overlap with starvation-induced membranes. A fluorescently labelled some]
nutrients. The origin of autophagosome CFP–LC3-positive structures. analogue of phosphotidylserine appeared biogenesis
membranes was unclear, but Hailey et al. So, could the mitochondrial outer on starvation-induced autophagosomes,
present evidence suggesting that membrane be used in autophagosome and perturbing ER–mitochondrion
during
the mitochondrial outer membrane formation during starvation? The contacts to block lipid transfer prevented starvation
contributes to their biogenesis during authors visualized NRK cells expressing the formation of starvation-induced
starvation. Mito-red fluorescent protein (which autophagosomes. This supports the
To identify membranes that localizes to mitochondria) and idea that autophagosome membrane
contribute to autophagosomes, the fluorescently tagged autophagosome lipids originate from mitochondria in
authors expressed fluorescently protein markers (LC3 or autophagy starving cells.
labelled proteins targeted to different protein 5 (ATG5)) under starvation In short, this study suggests that the
organelles in a normal rat kidney and observed that regions of LC3 and mitochondrial outer membrane is at
(NRK) cell line expressing cyan ATG5 staining first appear associated least one source of autophagosome
fluorescent protein (CFP) fused to with mitochondria. Furthermore, membranes during starvation.
the late autophagosome marker LC3 transmission electron microscopy Katharine H. Wrighton
(also known as MAP1LC3B). Only a showed that autophagosomes appear
mitochondrion-targeted isoform of adjacent to mitochondria. Finally, ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Hailey, D. W. et al.
cytochrome b5, which specifically photobleaching of fluorescently labelled Mitochondria supply membranes for
autophagosome biogenesis during starvation.
labels the mitochondrial outer mitochondrial membranes also depleted Cell 141, 656–667 (2010)
membrane, extensively overlapped with signal from associated autophagosomes, fuRtHER REAdING Nakatogawa, H. et al.
CFP–LC3-labelled autophagosomes. indicating that mitochondria and Dynamics and diversity in autophagy
mechanisms: lessons from yeast. Nature Rev. Mol.
This occurred specifically during autophagosomes share membrane, Cell Biol. 10, 458–467 (2009)
starvation-induced autophagy and was at least transiently.

nature reviews | Molecular cell Biology volume 11 | july 2010

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