Problem #1

Saturated steam at 300°C is used to heat a counter-currently flowing stream of

methanol vapor from 65°C to 260°C in an adiabatic heat exchanger. The flow rate of
the methanol is 5500 standard liters per minute (at STP), and the steam condenses and
leaves the heat exchanger as liquid water at 90°C.

a) Draw a diagram of the process.

b) Calculate the required flow rate of the entering steam in m3/min.
c) Calculate the rate of heat transfer from the water to the methanol (kW).

Problem #2
Air at 80°F and 80% relative humidity is cooled to 51°F at a constant pressure of 1
atm.
Use the psychrometric chart to calculate the fraction of water that condenses, and the
rate at which heat must be removed to deliver 1,000 ft3 /min of humid air at the final
conditions.

Problem #3
Wet solids pass through a continuous dryer. Hot dry air enters the dryer at a rate of
400 kg/min and picks up the water that evaporates from the solids. Humid air leaves
the dryer at 50°C containing 2.44 wt% water vapor and passes through a condenser in
which it is cooled to 10°C. The pressure is constant at 1 atm throughout the system.

a) Draw a diagram of the process.

b) At what rate (kg/min) is water evaporating in the dryer?
c) Use the psychrometric chart to estimate the wet-bulb temperature, relative
humidity, dew point, and specific enthalpy of the air leaving the dryer.
d) Use the psychrometric chart to estimate the absolute humidity and specific
enthalpy of the air leaving the condenser.
e) Use the results from part (b) and (c) to calculate the rate of condensation of
water (kg/min) and the rate at which heat must be transferred from the
condenser (kW).
f) If the dryer operates adiabatically, what can you conclude about the
temperature of the entering air? Briefly explain your reasoning. What
additional information if any would you need to calculate this temperature?

Problem #4
A stream containing 100% liquid Acetone at 15ºC is to be vaporized to 100ºC in a
process carried out at atmospheric pressure.
a) Adopt an appropriate reference state for the acetone.
b) Determine the amount of heat needed per kg of acetone.
c) Would the result in part b) change if you adopt a different reference state?
Explain.
Hint: Pick properties for acetone in both phases from appendix B
Problem #5
A stream of hot water at 80°C flowing at a rate of 50 l/min is to be produced by
mixing water at 15°C and steam at 10 bars and 350 °C in a suitable mixer. What are
the required flow rates of steam and cold water? Assume Q = 0.

Problem #6
A stream of pure methanol vapor flowing at a rate of 150L/s at 120˚C and 1 atm
enters a unit where is cooled up to 30˚C at constant pressure. The normal heat of
vaporization of methanol is 35.27 kJ/mol.
Additional Data:
Log10 (P*methanol) {mm Hg} = 7.87863 – 1473.11 / (T{˚C} + 230)
Heat capacities for methanol in both phases are approximately: Cpliquid = 80 kJ/mol-K
and Cpvapor= 45 kJ/mol-K.

What is the state of the methanol leaving the unit? Explain.

Determine the heat exchanged in kJ/s

Problem #7
Saturated steam at 100 bars is needed in a particular process. A source of super
heated steam at 500°C and 100 bars, as well as saturated water at the same pressure
are available. Use the steam tables to estimate the mass ratio of super heated steam
over water required to obtain saturated steam.

Problem #8
Superheated steam at 5 bars and 325˚C is used to vaporize a stream of liquid methanol
flowing at a rate of 0.2 m3/min at 20˚C and 1 atm. Methanol leaves the heat
exchanger at 200˚C and 1 atm, and the steam exits saturated at 5 bars. From appendix
B-1 we obtained the following properties for Methanol:

Compound Formula Mol. SG(20˚/4˚) Tm(˚C)
Hm Tb(˚C)
Hv Tc(˚C) Pc(atm)
Wt. kJ/mol kJ/mol
Methyl CH3OH 32.04 0.792 -97.2 3.167 64.7 35.25 513.20 78.50
alcohol

Heat capacity for methanol in [kJ/mol-˚C] is given by the following empirical

expression:
Cp = a + b T + c T2 + d T3 with T in ˚C, where
State a x103 b x105 c x108 d x1012
liquid 75.86 16.83 0 0
gas 42.93 8.301 -1.87 -8.03

Determine:
a) The mass flow-rate of methanol
b) The mol flow-rate of methanol
c) The mass flow-rate of steam (clearly indicate all assumptions)
d) The heat interchanged by the streams
e) The volumetric flow-rate of the steam entering the heat exchanger
Problem #9
Air at 40˚C and a dew point of 10˚C is used to dry 1,000 kg/hr of a solid initially with
water content of 50% and 25˚C. The solids leave the dryer with 5% water at 30˚C.
The air exits the dryer saturated at 30˚C. Cp (solid)= 1.6 kJ/kg-K Cp (water)= 4.17
kJ/kg-K. Use the humidity chart to determine the following:
a) The relative humidity of the air entering the dryer
b) The absolute humidity of the air entering the dryer
c) The absolute humidity of the air exiting the dryer
d) The molar fraction of water in the air entering the dryer
e) The mass flow-rate of dry air kg/hr.
f) The volumetric flow rate of air entering the system m3/hr
g) The heat transferred to or from the dryer.

Problem #10

Steam at 20 bars and 425˚C is used to heat a stream of methane flowing at a rate of
300 m3/min. The CH4 enters the exchanger at 100˚C and 5 bars and exits at 350˚C.
Steam exits the units as saturated vapor at the same pressure.
a. Draw a sketch of the process (5 pts)
b. Write down an appropriate set of equations representing the mass balances
c. Write the energy balance indicating all the assumptions
d. Establish the reference states for all substances.
e. Determine the molar flow rate of methane.
f. Determine the mass flow rate of steam.
g. Compute the volumetric flow rate of the steam exiting the system

Additional Data:
Cp CH4 (kJ/mol-K)= 0.034+5.5E-5 t(˚C)

Problem #11
Air at 80°F and 80% relative humidity is cooled to 51°F at a constant pressure of 1
atm. Use the psychrometric chart to calculate the fraction of water that condenses,
and the rate at which heat must be removed to deliver 1,000 ft3 /min of humid air at
the final conditions. Notice that the air is saturated when exiting the condenser.

Enter your results in the following tables:

Properties of air entering the condenser

Absolute Humidity lb water/ lb dry air
Enthalpy Btu/ lb dry air
Humid Volume cubic feet/ lb dry air
Wet bulb temperature °F
Dew point temperature °F
Properties of air exiting the condenser
Absolute Humidity lb water/ lb dry air
Enthalpy Btu/ lb dry air
Humid Volume cubic feet/ lb dry air
Wet bulb temperature °F
Dew point temperature °F

Fraction water condensing: ___________________

Heat Removed: ______________________ Btu/min

Problem #12

Situation:
Superheated steam at 10 [bar] (stream 1) is
mixed with saturated steam at 7.5 [bar] (stream
2) in a 2:1 ratio (2 [kg] of stream 1per [kg] of
stream 2). The product stream (3) is at 250 [°C]
and 7.5 [bar]. The process is adiabatic and at
steady state.
Requirements (state any assumptions):
Please, based on the information above, do the
following:
(a) Draw a diagram of the process.
(b) Indicate the state of stream 3 (vapor or
liquid, saturated or not).
(c) Determine the temperatures of stream 1
and stream 2, in [°C].

Problem #13

A continuous rotary dryer is used to dry 700 [kg/h] of wet wood chips at atmospheric
pressure. The chips enter at 19 [°C] with a water content of 40 % by mass. Hot air is
fed to the dryer at 12 [m3(STP)/kg wet chips]. Wet- and dry-bulb thermometers are
mounted in both the inlet and the outlet air lines to indirectly monitor the moisture
contents of the exiting chips, which is determined by a material balance. After the
dryer achieves steady state, the inlet dry-bulb temperature was 100 [°C] and its wet-
bulb temperature was low enough so that the moisture contents of the incoming air
may be neglected. The dry-bulb temperature of the exiting air was 38 [°C], and the
wet-bulb temperature was 29 [°C].
State any assumptions:
 Based on the information above, do or answer the following:
(a) Draw a diagram of the process.
(b) Use the attached psychrometric chart to estimate, for the outlet air: (i) the
absolute humidity, (ii) the dew point in [°C], (iii) the relative humidity, and
(iv) the enthalpy in [kJ/kg DA]. Locate the point on the chart.
(c) Determine the mass of water evaporated from the chips, in [kg/h].
(d) Estimate the moisture contents of the chips at the exit.
(e) Estimate the enthalpy of the incoming air, in [kJ/kg]. See hint below. (8 pts)
(f) If the dryer is adiabatic, estimate the exit temperature of the chips, in [°C].
Additional data and hints:
The reference state for dry air in the psychrometric chart is 0 [°C]. The heat capacity
of dry air is approximately 1 [kJ/kg·K]. The heat capacity of the dry chips is
approximately 2.1 [kJ/kg·K].

Problem #14
A small pilot-plant is being set up to produce 20.8 [mol/s] of sulfur trioxide (SO3) by
oxidizing sulfur dioxide (SO2) with air. Sulfur dioxide and air, with 100 % excess
air, are fed to the reactor at 325 [°C]. The reaction conversion is 62.5 % of the
limiting reagent, and the products emerge from the reactor at 785 [°C].
State any assumptions:

Based on the information above, do or answer the following:

(a) Draw a diagram of the process.
(b) Solve the mass balances and fill out the ni columns in the table below.
(c) Determine the heat of reaction at 25 [oC] in [kJ/mol].
(d) Fill out the rest of the table below.
(e) Determine the heat lost/gained by the reactor in [kW ].
(f) If the reactor operates adiabatically, estimate the exit temperature, in °C
Table for mass and energy balance calculations:

Inlet (Feed) Outlet

Gas
ni Hi ni Hi ni Hi ni Hi
[mol/s] [kJ/mol] [kW] [mol/s] [kJ/mol] [kW]

O2

N2

SO2

SO3

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Problem #15
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is oxidized to sulfur trioxide (SO3) in a small pilot-plant reactor.
SO2 and 150% excess air are fed to the reactor at 450°C. The reaction proceeds to a
65% conversion of the limiting reagent, and the products emerge from the reactor at
550°C. The production rate of SO3 is 1.25 kgmoles/min. A water jacket into which
water at 30°C is fed surrounds the reactor.

(a) Determine the missing quantities in the table below.

(b) Determine the heat of reaction @ 25oC. _________ kJ/gmol

(c) Determine the heat (kJ/min) transferred from the reactor to the cooling water.
_________
(d) If the maximum temperature rise in the cooling water is 15°C, determine the
cooling water flowrate in the water jacket. _____________ kgmol/min

Kgmoles/minute
Reactor Entrance Reactor Exit
SO2
SO3 X 1.25
O2
N2
Total
Problem #16
Carbon monoxide and water vapor react to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Water
at 25˚C is fed to the reactor 50% in excess over the stoichiometric amount. The
carbon monoxide enters the reactor at 100˚C in a stream containing 90% CO, and
10% CO2 in a molar basis. The products exit at 600˚C with a carbon monoxide
conversion of 75%. Determine the total amount of heat added to (or removed from)
the reactor per 1,000 kg of H2 produced.

Heat of formation
at 25ºC, kJ/kmol Cp kJ/kmol-ºC
CO -110,600 30.35
H2O -241,980 36.00
CO2 -393,770 45.64
H2 0 29.30

1 3
REACTOR
CO 90% CO
CO2 10% CO2
100˚C H2O
H2O(v) 25˚C H2
2
600˚C

Enter your results in the following tables:

gmoles

Stream Total CO CO2 H2O H2

1
2
3

HEAT= ________________kJ