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COURSE NAME:
BASIC ANALYTIC CHEMISTRY (CHM256)

EXPERIMENT: 2
DETERMINATION OF ETHANOIC ACID CONTENT IN VINEGAR

LECTURER’S NAME:
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DATE OF EXPERIMENT:
- 2020

STUDENT’S NAME:

GROUP MEMBERS/LAB PARTNER:

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Objective
To determine the percent of ethanoic acid in a vinegar sample.

Procedure

a) Standardization of NaOH solution

1. A burette was filled in with the NaOH solution and the record was recorded.
2. 25mL of potassium hydrogen phthalate KHC 8H4O4 solution were pipette into a conical flask.
And 2 to 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator were added.
3. The KHC8H4O4 were titrate with the NaOH solution until the colour of the indicator turn to
light pink. And the burette reading was recorded.

b) Titration of the vinegar

1. 25mL of given vinegar were pipette and were diluted with distilled water in a 250mL
volumetric flask.
2. 25mL of the diluted vinegar were pipette into a conical flask. And 2 to 3 drops of
phenolphthalein indicator were added.
3. The diluted vinegar was titrated with the NaOH solution.
4. The titration was repeated for 3 times.

Results

a) Standardization of NaOH solution

1 2 3 Average

Initial burette reading (mL) 0 0 0 0

Final burette reading (mL) 30.20 33.20 32.20 31.87

Volume of NaOH used (mL) 30.20 33.20 32.20 31.87

b) Titration of the vinegar

1 2 3 Average

Initial burette reading (mL) 0 0 0 0

Final burette reading (mL) 39.20 37.90 37.60 38.23

Volume of vinegar used (mL) 39.20 37.90 37.60 38.23

Question

Reaction between NaOH and potassium hydrogen phthalate

NaOH + KHC8H4O4 → KNaC8H4O4 + H2O

Reaction between NaOH and ethanoic acid

NaOH + CH3COOH → NaCH3COO + H2O

1. Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution

Molarity of KHC8H4O4 = 0.1M

Volume of KHC8H4O4 = 25.0mL = 0.025L

No. of mole of KHC8H4O4 = MV

= 0.1M * 0.025L

= 0.0025mol

Molarity of NaOH solution = moles / volume

= 0.0025 / (31.87/1000)

= 0.078M

2. Calculate the molarity of ethanoic acid in the diluted vinegar

No. of mole of NaOH = No. of mole of KHC8H4O4

= 0.0025mol

Molarity of CH3COOH in the diluted vinegar

= moles / volume

= 0.0025mol / [25/1000]

= 0.1M
3. Calculate the molarity of ethanoic acid in the vinegar sample

No. of mole of NaOH = No. of mole of KHC8H4O4

= 0.0025mol

M1V1(concentrated) = M2V2 (diluted)

M1 =?

V1 = 25.0mL

M2 = 0.1M

V2 = 25mL + 250mL = 275mL

M1 * 25 = 0.1 * 275

M 1 * 25 = 27.5

M1 = 1.1M

4. Calculate the concentration of ethanoic acid (g/L) in the vinegar

g/L = mol/L *RMM

= 1.1*10-3 * 60.052

= 6.606*10-2 g/L

5. Calculate the percent (w/v) of ethanoic acid in the vinegar

Mass = moles*RMM

= 0.0025mol * 60.052g/mol

= 0.150g

Percent (w/v)

= weight solute/volume solution * 100

= 0.150g/25.0mL*100

= 0.6％
= 0.6％ ethanoic acid refers to ethanoic acid in the vinegar to be titrated with NaOH solution.
Discussion

Determination of ethanoic acid content in vinegar experiment were conducted where it can be
determined by titrating it with NaOH solution which is not a primary standard.

Firstly, the NaOH solution were standardize with potassium hydrogen phthalate and
phenolphthalein as the indicator. In this experiment, the molarity of NaOH solution had not yet to be
known.

The vinegar solution needs to be analyse which involved the reaction between strong base and
weak acid. Vinegar solution is a weak acid which contain acetic acid. The overall reaction shows 1
mol of NaOH reacted with 1 mol of CH3COOH to form 1 mol of NaCH3COO and 1 mol of water

NaOH + CH3COOH → NaCH3COO + H2O

Conclusion
The titration method in this experiment were meant to determine the percent of ethanoic acid
in a vinegar sample. The concentrated vinegar solution was determined to be 1.1M while the diluted
vinegar solution was determined to be 0.1M with a standard NaOH solution. And its mass percentage
of ethanoic acid in the vinegar was determined to be 0.6%.