COLLABORATIVE WORK 3 - Group 12

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA – UNAD
Nombre escuela: Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación, Pregrado

Nombre programa: Licenciatura en inglés como lengua extranjera
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA

DIDACTICS OF ENGLISH
COLLABORATIVE WORK 3
PRESENTED BY:
JULIETH ALEJANDRA MONTOYA
ID: 1127233409
GERMAN ANDRES SANCHEZ
ID: 1’144.146.358
LAURA CAMILA QUESADA
ID: 1116273406
VIVIANA ANDREA OSPINA
ID: 1127227612
JUAN DAVID MONTOYA
ID: 1144145181
TUTOR
MILLY ANDREA MUÑOZ
GROUP: 551026_12
LICENCIATURA EN INGLES COMO LENGUA EXTRANJERA.

MAY 13- 2016
QUESTION STUDENT
Julieth
what are the steps or stages
when planning and It is important after the teacher has chosen the objectives the students will achieve at the end of the
implementing a lesson plan? class, to plan the activities they will use to help obtain the objectives written, it is of great importance in
planning to take into account that the students need to participate meaningfully on their process, in this
case there are 5 phases:
1. Perspective(opening): in this stage is of great importance the previous knowledge students have,
or to know what they have already learned
2. Stimulation: in this stage the teacher warms-up the students to what they are going to learn, in
this stage the teacher can do games, show pictures, a song, etc…. to get students attention on the new
objective.
3. Instruction/participation: in this stage the teacher gives the instructions for the activity to be
done, is necessary clear instructions, if necessary do the instructions for them to understand. Also in
this activity is important for student to work in pairs or in groups to help each other cooperatively
achieve the goals.
4. Closure: in this state the teacher wants to know what student learned during the class, so the
teacher can ask: what did you learn today? Did you like the activities? How did you feel?
5. Follow- up: in this stage they can do activities individually to reinforce what they learn, they can
even do activities that were taken as homework to provide extra practice and have the objective clear.
What’s a lesson plan? German Andres Sanchez

A lesson plan is the teacher’s road map of what students need to learn and how it will be done
effectively during the class time. To summarize, and in very basic terms: a lesson plan is the teacher's
guide for running a particular lesson, and it includes the goal (what the students are supposed to learn),
how the goal will be reached (the method, procedure) and a way of measuring how well the goal was
reached (test, worksheet, homework etc).
Why is it important to plan a Viviana Ospina

lesson?
A lesson plan is important because it helps the teacher to think ahead of difficulties that might arise
during a class, also gives the teacher the chance to keep an organized record of what is being taught as
well as it provides structure to the class itself. Teachers have different reasons why to plan their classes,
both internal and external, these reasons may influence which way to guide class, usually teachers plan
a lesson to feel more confident with what they are going to teach, in term they need to have a better
understanding of the topics to achieve a good class, and foresee what can happen during the
development of a lesson, other teachers plan to follow the school`s curricula and methodology. Finally
lesson planning helps the teacher think, and analyze the content, materials and the sequence previous to
giving the class, also, helps keep a record of the topics and plans being taught, more importantly
planning benefits the students because it takes into account their previous knowledge, interests, abilities
and learning styles.
what are the different Juan David Montoya
elements that must be included
in a lesson plan? In lesson planning there are several elements to be taken into account. The order and the specific
elements vary depending on the type of lesson plan the teacher selects, or if the teacher has a physical
or decides to have a mental lesson plan.
In general, every lesson plan must count with objectives which will let the teacher and the student know
what they want to have achieved by the end of the lesson. By having the objectives clear, teachers can
then move to another element which is the selection of the activities and the materials necessary to
carry out these activities. In the selection of the activities, the type of interaction is also selected (pair
work, group work). A lesson plan must include the way instruction are to be given and how the students
will be monitored.
what are the different models Laura Quesada
of lesson planning?
The most important and dominant is Tyler's (1949) rational-linear framework: which is widely used,
and runs as follows: specification of objectives, selection and organization of learning activities, and
the specification of evaluation methods. Yinger (1980) proposes another model in which planning is
carried out in stages where the problem concepcion is first, second is analyzed and a solution is
proposed and third the plan is carried out and evaluated. As an example there are English teachers who
plan their lessons in sequences of activities, to give greater attention to the needs of their students,
while there are others who deviate from the original plan. Other is Bailey’s (1996, pag. 38) who
through six English teachers with experience, he did the research of why many deviate from the
original plan and concluded:
(1) “Serve the common good.”
(2) “Teach to the moment.”
(3) “Further the lesson.”
(4) “Accommodate students’ learning styles.”
(5) “Promote students’ involvement.”
(6) “Distribute the wealth.”
Julieth Montoya
MODELS OF THE CONTENT MODEL: THE OBJECTIVES THE PROCESS THE ‘NEW
CURRICULUM CLASSICAL HUMANISM MODEL: MODEL: PRAGMATISM’: A
RECONSTRUCTIONIS PROGRESSIVISM MIXED-FOCUS
M CURRICULUM
Definition In this model the main focus It focuses on the objectives It is a model that It focuses on a
is: on the content, in which the of what the teacher teaches focuses on learner- communicative curriculum
students are going to learn and the students learn centered curriculum
something new.
Main goals To provide knowledge that is To bring a social change, The goals are defined in To provide objectives,
universal to students and is not that is why is called terms of process, in what is going to be
going to change reconstructionism which the students gain acquired and the active
knowledge and are able role of participants when
to continue learning in making decisions
the future.
Advantages -It has a long history from -To give goals that are -To understand the -It gives the opportunity to
Aristoteles and Plato. clear to both the teacher students weaknesses teachers to change,
-It comes from theories in and the student and needs according to the learner
which knowledge is of great -To give evaluations if the - Its main concerned is needs
relevance objectives are satisfied that students understand -It also provides a
-It takes into account the and participate, not just supporting structure that
learning goals to acquire knowledge allows the teacher to
- Students feel that they include real-life activities.
are accomplishing their
goals
Disadvantages -It doesn’t know where the -That students have to - In practice they prefer - Not knowing how to use
transmission of culture comes behave according to the the objectives model, the curriculum
from objectives given, like a because it provides appropriately
-It doesn’t take into account machine large-scale curriculum
the weakness or needs a -It limits the creativity, and planning, that the
student can have cognitive, and effective government prefers for
-It is very simplistic, compared implements when learning technical education
to the society we have today a language
-Its main role in language
teaching is: to provide
grammar-based activities.
Example of An activity in this curriculum It works best in technical Activities in which It focuses on
objectives, can be when the teacher reads education, in which students cooperate and communicative learning,
activities, or a sentence and the class students can learn specific make decisions on their an example of this can be
didactic repeats skills process activities in which students
procedures. perform interviews to their
classmates or class
discussions
German Andres Sanchez

Models of Definition Advantages Disadvantages Main goals Example of
curriculum objectives, activities,
or didactic procedures
The ‘new This model is The learner needs and interests This model might It gives great importance I would say that an
pragmatisma methodologically are taken into account, so the be little difficult for to the learning experienceexample of this model
oriented due that it teacher can use different
some teachers due of the student, analyzing would be when a
mixed-focus
has a mix of other strategies to reinforce his/her to its freedom of every step he/she takes and
student writes his
curriculum models mentioned in knowledge. content choosing. making learning
autobiography or when
this chart. meaningful. he talks about his
interests in a
conversation class.
The objectives It is an objective It gives the teacher and the It doesn’t give the It contributes to bring a An example of this
model: centered model learner a clear horizon to student the chance social change through model is when a person
paying less attention follow in terms of achieving to be autonomous education. experiences what it is
reconstructioni
to the contents and objectives because it helps due that the model like to be part of the
sm more to the written identify various needs from shows a type of police or the army. 
aims. the learner. It allows the behavior that has to
teacher discover activities be taken, leaving
that can be done to guarantee creativity aside.
that the learner is going to be
well aimed.
The process This model is mainly It allows a comprehension of According to the It gives the learner a A clear example of this
model: focused on the steps the needs, problems, and reading, the chance to continue model would be when
that are taken by the interests of each learner government learning in the future students participate in
progressivism
learner in order to making him aware that he’s preferred this activates where there’s
acquire knowledge. the most important in the model due to its peer cooperation like:
It’s a learner learning process. model. conversation activities,
centered approach. role-plays or debates.
The content This model has all of Students can develop a better It isn’t certain It promotes the standard I would say that an
model: its attention or the understanding of different about the knowledge and concepts example of this model
focus on the way concepts due that this model precedence of that won’t change; would be when a
classical
knowledge is involves bases of sciences. culture and its role. information that can be teacher uses
humanism transmitted It doesn’t have easily understood and behaviorism or
(Syllabuses & solid bases when it retained because it’s conductism to make
curriculums) this comes to universal knowledge. students retain
model shows various understanding the knowledge in an old
learning experiences learning problems schooled way like
that happen to the that a student might repetition, not giving
learner. have. It is too the student the chance
general in some to actually build his
concepts not giving own learning.
details of relevant
aspects related to
the
Viviana Ospina
MODELS OF THE CONTENT MODEL: THE OBJECTIVES THE PROCESS THE ‘NEW
CURRICULUM CLASSICAL HUMANISM MODEL: MODEL: PRAGMATISM’: A MIXED-
RECONSTRUCTIONISM PROGRESSIVISM FOCUS CURRICULUM
Definition In this model the main focus This model sees education This model has This model is a mixture of the
is to contribute on the overall as a way to reconstruct centered its curricula different models here
learning experience of the society continuously. on the needs, presented, views education
learner, making emphasis on experiences, interests, where learning, and social
what is he or she going to and abilities of the skills go hand by hand giving
learn. students. education a humanistic
approach.
Main goals To give knowledge to the The main purpose of this This model guides the The main goal lays on the
learner, that in term will be model is to focus education learner towards self- learning process of the student,
permanent and toward a social fulfillment, letting giving importance to every
unchangeable. transformation. him or her to develop stage, integrating evaluation,
and aims for the values and interaction.
learning process, so
that the student can
develop knowledge.
Advantages this model presents is the The advantages on this One advantage is that The advantages of this model
general idea of benefiting the model set it apart because it the student develops are that the needs of the learner
cognitive process in the offers the learner clear goals comprehension and are taken into account and
students, also, using the to follow and attain, also the knowledge that will provides the teacher with
definite concepts as an aid teacher knows exactly what benefit his future enough room to create and
for the student in giving him is expected of him, making learning process. It meet specific needs for the
or her the ability to better the the learning process more also worries about the student using a real-life
learning process in sciences effective, the evaluation learner, making him approach to teaching and
such as literature, or physical process is specific and with or her the center of learning, contributing to the
sciences. clear objectives, thus giving the process. development of clear
measurable results. objectives.
The evaluation process in
continuous and integrated.
Disadvantages Some disadvantages that are Some disadvantages have It`s difficulty to The model in itself presents
shown talk about how this been found such as how this include its ideas in an few or no disadvantages, other
model lacks enough tools to model reduces the learner’s education system than the fact that is still under
serve on the education ability to be autonomous which goal is to be construction and there is no
purpose which should be and creative, also, it tends to more specific skills clarity on the concepts or the
making citizens of the world, limit the person`s ability to that can help the way to implement it
and multicultural students develop his or her own learner be part of a successfully in the learning
who can cope to an ever method to learn, because it working force. environment.
changing society that is is already given.
growing and exchanging
cultural experiences, it is
also said that the model is in
itself very simplistic.
Example of One example of this model In a classroom where this One activity that can  The teacher must be
objectives, applied in class could be a method is being applied, the be planned under this creative and analyze
activities, or grammar based lesson, which teacher can focus the model could be correctly the activities that
didactic limits the student to only activities on analysis and making emphasis in can be implemented in the
procedures. receive information from its personal experience, communication, learning process.
source. making the learning process through role play or  Establish clear objectives
vivid, for example when conversation clubs, in and work jointly to achieve
reading one can “travel” which the learner can them.
through time and space apply what is being  An activity to apply this
without moving from the taught in class. method could be working
classroom. by projects.
Juan David Montoya
Models of DEFINITION MAIN GOAL ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES EXAMPLES

Curriculum.
The Model that Contribute to the It is derived from the It doesn’t take into Grammar-based
Content Model: focuses in theintellectual knowledge and account the changing Curriculum: It
Classical content that will be development of the theories of ancient needs and problems of focuses in
Humanism transmitted to the learner with Greece. the learner. transmitting the
learner, which is knowledge, or It focuses in what In a globalized world, a grammar rules to the
considered valued content, which has people consider to be curriculum cannot focus students and leaves
cultural heritage. been identified as “good” education. in one culture.It is out of aside the learner’s
absolute, universal date. needs along with
and unchanging. other factors.
The Model of Bring social change
It provides clear It makes people behave Behavioral
Objectives curriculum that through education.
goals for teachers in a particular way. objectives.
Model: focuses in the and students, It leaves out concepts Good for
Reconstructionis objectives rather facilitating the like self-fulfillment, transmitting
m. than the content. selection of material personal development particular skills.
and activities. and autonomy. It is
It allows evaluation unsophisticated and too
to be easy. linear.
Identifies needs,
establishes purposes
and provides
measurable
outcomes.
The Model which It tries to help the It relies on the needs The objective model is Content is selected
Process Model: focuses in the learner to achieve development preferred by the based on research.
Progressivism procedures by self-fulfillment. It processes and government. Objectives are
which the learner focuses in the interests of the There is a shift related to the
acquires knowledge development of learner. from Process Curriculum procedural
and creates knowledge and not to those that are principles.
possibilities for just the passive considered more
future learning. acquisition of this. communicative.
The New Model which Keep high the needs It responds to the Teacher development The learning
Pragmatism: combines learner- of the learners, learner and its becomes an ongoing objectives are based
Mixed-focus centerness, institution, society, learning needs, the process and not all on course content
Curriculum. product-oriented teachers and needs can focus on teachers might like this. and procedure.
ends-means model administrators. language necessary
and the process- for a particular
oriented approach. purpose or they can
focus on motivation
and learning styles.
Learners find it
relevant to their
needs.
Learning objectives
are negotiated
between the learner
and the teacher.
Laura Quesada
NAME THE CONTENT MODEL: THE OBJECTIVES MODEL: THE PROCESS MODEL: THE ‘NEW PRAGMATISM’:A
CLASSIC HUMANISM RECONSTRUCTIONISM: PROGRESIVISM: MIXED- FOCUS
CURRICULUM.
DEFINITION This model considers the They are the behavioral This approach is defined as Is the curriculum that is based
content, as a cultural objectives established to guide the means by which the on the true and value of
heritage and a largest source the curriculum which describe student develops the ability to thought and mainly
of knowledge to student the behavior to be obtained, understand, which will create communicative.
development. the conditions in that must him learning opportunities for
occur, and the criterion or the future, around toward his
performance level. progress and self-realization.
MAIN GOALS It is focused on what will be To guide educational Effective achievement of life It is going around student
transmitted as content, to approaches to a social change goals or aspirations of a communication and
the student. bearing in mind the objectives person by itself, and interaction in terms of
of behavior that students must satisfaction and pride in it. curriculum design, research
meet. and evaluation.
ADVANTAGES This model represents a The model provides clear It takes into account the needs It takes into account the
major contribution to the objectives for both students and of students who go around possible development that
field of English language teachers, which makes it personal development, is could have the curriculum
because it allows the possible to facilitate the based on objectives focused on language for a
organization of a curriculum evaluation of these and established for this purpose. future.
that includes different increases liability.
aspects of grammar,
vocabulary and lexis of words
that allow the student to
increase their knowledge.
DISADVANTAGES This model has become A disadvantage may be that one of its objectives is to have A wide range of research is
increasingly less force due to according kelly (1989) students absolute understanding, but a needed to establish an
the advance and arrival of are forced to follow the disadvantage is that in that adequate theoretical basis.
other approaches, in addition objectives already established, process the student could
it was found that this model making it difficult for them to eventually become a passive
does not take into account freely carry out their personal recipient of knowledge,
the problems of each of the development. without the opportunity to
students who are in an develop freely.
increasingly contemporary
and modern environment.
EXAMPLES OF This element of the teaching Designing teaching-learning Design activities consistent Forecast groupings and group
OBJECTIVES, unit comprises the specific activities required to have with the objectives and dynamics. Determines what
ACTIVITIES, OR content they will be learning. present the methodological content of the unit. Identify students will do individually or
DIDACTIC In their selection must take criteria arising in the curricular the activities carried out both in groups, the teacher's role at
PROCEDURES. care that they are collected project, the characteristics of teacher and students. Work all times.
contents of different types the group (teachers and activities need three types of
(concepts, procedures and students) and the means content (conceptual,
attitudes) that there is a available. There is no doubt that procedural and attitudinal).
balance between them and the importance of these three Need for activities according
ensure the inclusion of factors will vary from one unit to process (motivation,
content related to cross- to another. diagnosis, synthesis,
cutting topics. In this sense, reinforcement ...)
for example, in the case in
the center are schooled
students with special
educational needs, charged
incorporating important
aspects such as acceptance
and respect for personal
differences.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Richards, J. C., & Renandya, W. A. (2002). Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice. Cambridge
university press.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA – UNAD

Nombre escuela: Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación, Pregrado

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA

LICENCIATURA EN INGLES COMO LENGUA EXTRANJERA.

What’s a lesson plan? German Andres Sanchez

Why is it important to plan a Viviana Ospina

German Andres Sanchez

Models of DEFINITION MAIN GOAL ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES EXAMPLES

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