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1. Functional Overview
Synchronica Mobile Gateway 5 provides next-generation messaging - a single platform providing mobile
access to push email, synchronization, instant messaging, social networking, and web feeds.
People are increasingly using social networking and instant messaging for daily communication. Mobile
Gateway will appeal to your entire customer base with a combination of mobile access to these services, as
well as to more traditional electronic messaging services.
Mobile Gateway 5 provides a clientless, standards-based solution with key advantages which are unmatched
in the market. It combines many mobile and internet industry standards including LEMONADE, IMAP IDLE,
OMA EMN, OMA DS, OMA C P, XMPP, and OMA IMPS for devices with native messaging clients and provides
access to messaging services for more basic phones through Email to SMS, Email to MMS, and WAP Push,
delivering mobile messaging services to any mobile phone in use today.
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delivering mobile messaging services to any mobile phone Gateway - Push Email - Synchr…
in use today.
Mobile Gateway 5 provides mobile access to the most widely used services including Gmail and Google Talk,
Yahoo Mail, Yahoo Messenger, Windows Live Hotmail, Windows Live Messenger, Microsoft Exchange, AIM,
IC Q, Facebook, Facebook C hat, Twitter, LinkedIn, and any RSS-enabled web feed.
Due to its industry standard approach, Mobile Gateway supports all IMAP / POP3 email boxes including
popular ISP email services, such as Gmail, Yahoo, or Windows Live Hotmail. In addition, Mobile Gateway
also provides access to corporate email accounts on Microsoft Exchange, Sun Java C ommunications Suite,
and Lotus Domino without requiring modifications on the corporate firewall.
As part of the operator deployment, Mobile Gateway can feature an operator-branded email service,
enabling an operator-branded email account to be offered to customers.
Mobile Gateway supports contacts, calendar, and tasks synchronization on Microsoft Exchange, Sun Java
C ommunications Suite, and Lotus Domino; accounts, contacts, and calendar on Gmail; contacts on Windows
Live Hotmail.
In addition to email accounts, Mobile Gateway can also feature an operator-branded PIM account which can
be synchronized with SyncML-capable mobile phones.
Due to its industry-standard approach, Mobile Gateway supports all of the most popular instant messaging
communities including IC Q, Google Talk, MSN / Windows Live Messenger, AIM, Yahoo Messenger, Facebook
C hat, and any community which uses Jabber / XMPP.
As a core feature, Mobile Gateway includes an XMPP IM server which can be customized to create an
operator-branded mobile instant messaging community.
In addition, fully brandable IM clients are available for Java-enabled handsets, as well as several
smartphone platforms including the iPhone, Android devices, and Windows Mobile.
Mobile Gateway supports the most popular social networking sites, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. Users
can update their Facebook status, keep up to date with their Facebook friends, and comment and post
pictures. With Mobile Gateway, a user's mobile phone becomes their Facebook. Mobile Gateway access to
LinkedIn network updates and Twitter tweets is also available.
Updates can even be delivered from a wide range of existing social networking communities including
operator-branded communities to any mobile phone.
With a built-in web feed (RSS) connector, Mobile Gateway provides as standard live updates from the most
popular websites including Al Jazeera, BBC , C NN, ESPN, Entertainment and Gossip, The Financial Times,
Mobile World C ongress, Mobile Europe, The East African, and U.K. Weather. In addition, users can create
their own web feed accounts from any website which supports RSS-enabled feeds.
Updates are pushed as emails into a separate mailbox on any phone with a built-in email client. On entry-
level phones, Mobile Gateway sends updates as an SMS, MMS, or WAP Push.
As part of an operator deployment, Mobile Gateway's standard web feed list can be customized to offer
operator-specific, local, and regional content providers.
2. Architecture Overview
The architecture of Synchronica Mobile Gateway 5 is constructed from a number of components as shown in
figure 1 - Synchronica Mobile Gateway architecture overview.
At the front-end, the components connect to the Short Message Service C enter (SMSC ), Multimedia Message
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Service C enter (MMSC ), and General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) of a mobile operator network, as well as
providing the front-end web interfaces for the service. At the back-end, they connect to the servers of email,
synchronization, instant messaging, social networking, and web feed providers. Other components connect
to a database which is used to store metadata about the items which are transferred between the front- and
back-ends.
This section provides a short description of Mobile Gateway's major components. In later sections, all
components are described in greater detail.
The Mobile Gateway administration portal enables customer-care staff to manage customer requests and
system administrators to configure global settings, using any HTML browser.
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devices. It contains the IMAP / POP3 / SMTP Engine, the Transcoding Engine, and the Email-to-MS Engine. It
converts content from back-ends into formats that can be rendered on the mobile phones. For mobile
phones without a built-in email application, it delivers emails as WAP push messages, MMS, or SMS,
depending on handset capabilities. It converts replies back into an email or a response that is compatible
with the back-end.
Mobile Gateway ships with a number of standard connectors, allowing connectivity to the following back-
ends:
Table 1 – Push email and synchronization - Supported email and PIM servers
Web Feeds
Al Jazeera, BBC , C NN, ESPN, Entertainment and Gossip, The Financial Times, Mobile World C ongress,
Mobile Europe, The East African, and U.K. Weather
Any RSS-enabled feed
Operator customizable list of RSS feeds from local and regional providers
3. User Interfaces
The Synchronica Mobile Gateway 5 user interfaces allow end-users and administrators to interact with Mobile
Gateway.
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4. Client Provisioning
The client provisioning module automatically configures user handsets over the air for use with Synchronica
Mobile Gateway 5.
A user enters his phone type and telephone number on the Web or WAP interface. Mobile Gateway refers to
its settings database which contains configuration data for mobile devices. A package containing required
settings is sent to the phone. To save or install these settings, the user enters a four-digit PIN on his
handset. For more information on the Synchronica settings database, please refer to section 12.3.2
SETTINGSDB Database.
How a device is configured depends on the capabilities of the device. It can include configuration of IMAP,
SMTP, SyncML, APN, MMS, and IMPS settings.
Note: If a carrier uses ADD integration, the PIN entry requirement to accept the client
provisioning settings is not necessary, and the user does not have to select the phone model
manually.
Over-the-air client provisioning ensures that the device configures correctly, reducing user errors and
related support overheads. It is a fast and convenient experience for the device user. C lient provisioning can
be done using the web interface, the administration interface, or the WAP interface. If a supported device,
such as Windows Mobile, Android, or iPhone, requires a Mobile Gateway client, the software is installed over
the air. If a device does not support industry-standard protocols, it can still use the Mobile Gateway service
via SMS.
Figure 5 - Synchronica Mobile Gateway client provisioning from the web interface
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5. Observation and Notification
The Synchronica Mobile Gateway 5 observation and notification module contains the observation and
Notification Engines.
Open Mobile Alliance Data Synchronization Server Alert (OMA DS). An SMS-based notification
protocol for PIM content which triggers the mobile handset OMA DS client to initiate a synchronization
session with the server
Open Mobile Alliance Email Notification (OMA EMN). An SMS-based notification protocol for email
content which triggers the mobile handset IMAP email client to initiate a connection to the server
IMAP IDLE. A constant connection between the Mobile Gateway server and a mobile handset, allowing
notification of new events to be transmitted to the handset, triggering its IMAP client to initiate a
connection to the server
Email to MMS. Email messages are automatically converted into MMS format by the Email-to-MS Engine
and delivered to MMS-capable mobile handsets. This allows feature phones to display pictures in email
messages
Email to SMS. Email messages are automatically converted into SMS format by the Email-to-MS Engine
and delivered to mobile phones. Even the simplest and oldest mobile phone that has a screen can display
emails transformed into SMS messages
OMA IMPS (Instant Messaging and Presence Service) Version 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3. Provides the
mobile industry-standard protocol for instant messaging and presence. The standard is widely adopted
and used by the instant messaging applications found on many mobile handsets
XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol). A protocol developed by the Jabber
community and formalized by the IETF. XMPP is an open technology for realtime communication which
powers a wide range of applications including instant messaging, presence, multi-party chat, voice and
video calls, collaboration, lightweight middleware, content syndication, and generalized routing of XML
data
When the Observation Engine detects a change on a server, it adds a corresponding event to the event
queue. The Notification Engine notifies the device either through an OMA DS server alert (OMA DS Push
using an SMS) or by notifying the IMAP client of the device, using IMAP IDLE or OMA EMN. If the delivery
method is Email to SMS / MMS and the Observation Engine detects a change on the server, then the Email-
to-MS Engine extracts text content from new emails and converts it into standard SMS / MMS messages to
be sent to the user's handset.
If the back-end server supports event-based notification, the Observation Engine is notified directly by
the server
If the back-end server does not support event-based notification, the Observation Engine polls the back-
end server frequently, using a time interval specified by the administrator or the user
If the back-end server supports an endless (IMAP IDLE) session between the client and the server, the
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Observation and Notification Engines notify the client as soon as they detect changes
The Observation Engine as standard supports a regular poll-based discovery mechanism. It is also capable
of accepting server-based new event notifications.
Available
Available in next release
To use mobile instant messaging with Mobile Gateway, a user registers his instant messaging account via the
web or WAP interface. Using the user's phone details, Mobile Gateway sends a provisioning message to the
user's handset, using the client provisioning module. The provisioning message configures the built-in instant
messaging client on the handset. Mobile Gateway then uses the OMA IMPS (Instant Messaging and Presence
Service) protocol to interact with the user's handset.
6.1. IMPS
Presence in instant messaging means the current online status of an instant messaging user, for example,
Online (connected to the service), Away (connected, but not currently using the service), or Offline (not
connected to the service).
Mobile Gateway uses IMPS to communicate with the instant messaging client on user handsets from its IMPS
/ XMPP Engine. It receives and stores the current presence status of the user and sends the user device
information about the current presence of any of the user's instant messaging friends. This allows the user to
see whether any of his friends are online - and for any of the user's instant messaging friends to see
whether the user is online.
When a mobile user engages in a chat with one of his instant messaging friends, Mobile Gateway uses IMPS
to deliver chat messages to the user's handset.
Because content is delivered directly to the built-in instant messaging client on the user's handset, the user
needs not learn a new interface on his mobile phone to use instant messaging with Mobile Gateway.
While Mobile Gateway uses IMPS to communicate with user handsets, it must also communicate with the
instant messaging servers which contain the user's instant messaging account. To connect with these
servers, Mobile Gateway uses the XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) and other proprietary
instant messaging protocols.
Mobile Gateway also offers the Synchronica Messenger instant messaging service, an XMPP-based instant
messaging service which can be operator-branded to create an operator instant messaging community.
For other instant messaging services which use proprietary protocols including Yahoo Messenger, Windows
Live Messenger, and AIM, Mobile Gateway has as standard specific UDC -JC R connectors to provide access.
While each UDC -JC R connector is written for a specific instant messaging service, they all plug into the
Mobile Gateway UDC which maintains a uniform interface for interaction with the different service types.
Note: Synchronica Mobile Gateway instant messaging can also be accessed from a PC , using an
XMPP-based instant messaging desktop client.
Enhanced interoperability is provided across a range of devices and systems because of the use of the OMA
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IMPS and XMPP industry standards. In addition, there are downloadable IMPS clients available for devices
which do not have native IMPS support.
Mobile Gateway allows users to connect to up to five instant messaging accounts and manage friends and
incoming messages from a single client. The brandable XMPP Synchronica Messenger service, in addition to
live chat, allows users to transfer files.
7. Email Engine
The Email Engine provides Synchronica Mobile Gateway 5 users with email, social networking, and web feed
functionality on their mobile phone.
IMAP / POP3 and SMTP Engines. For email receipt and delivery
Transcoding Engine. C onverts / downsizes email attachments for MMS delivery
WAP Engine. Provides WAP access to a user's email account
Email-to-MS Engine. C onverts emails to MMS or SMS messages and back
Most popular ISP mailboxes are based on IMAP / POP3 and SMTP, and business email servers, such as Sun
Java C ommunications Suite or Lotus Domino, are also based on these standards. The engines log into these
accounts, collect emails, and send them on to the user's mobile phone.
Note: Because Mobile Gateway supports OMA DS, it is able to offer OMA DS email in conjunction
with IMAP / POP3 and SMTP, providing a very strong combination which addresses a very wide
range of mobile handsets.
To a mobile device, the IMAP / POP3 Engine appears to be a fully functional IMAP / POP3 server. When a
connection arrives, Mobile Gateway performs the necessary authentication and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
negotiation. It then translates the folder and message operations into appropriate UDC commands which,
using the appropriate connector, allow the mobile device to retrieve and exchange messages with its
configured back-end. Mobile Gateway provides support for both available industry standards for push email
notification: IMAP IDLE and OMA EMN.
IMAP IDLE
The IMAP IDLE mechanism is part of the LEMONADE profile (License to Enhanced Mobile Oriented and
Diverse Endpoints) and is an extension of the IMAP protocol, enabling a server to notify a client of new
messages. The standard provides a constant connection between client and server. The IDLE command
works like a keep-alive message to ensure that the client stays connected. The server responds to the IDLE
command when there is a new message, indicating to the client that there is new data available.
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OMA EMN
The OMA EMN (Open Mobile Alliance Email Notification) standard is a binary SMS-based protocol which allows
a server to send an SMS notification of a new email. The supporting email client will silently accept the
binary message and initiate an IMAP connection to the server to collect email. Once collected, the device will
alert the user.
Although the network usage for IMAP IDLE is very low, handset battery life and GPRS network limitations
may affect the decision as to which notification strategy is used.
While the IMAP / POP3 Engine enables users to receive emails on their phone, the SMTP Engine enables
them to send emails from their phone via Mobile Gateway. To a phone, the SMTP Engine is completely
transparent and appears to be a standard RFC 2821 SMTP server.
When an SMTP connection arrives, the SMTP Engine performs authentication and SSL negotiation, followed
by necessary operations to allow the connected client to transmit new messages. The SMTP Engine then
passes any new messages to the UDC layer which relays them to the configured back-end server. Email
messages appear in the Sent Items folder on the user's messaging server as if they had been sent from his
desktop PC .
Note: The capability of appending messages to a mail server's Sent Items folder is dependent on
this functionality being supported by the mail server. Standard POP3 and SMTP mail servers may
not support this functionality.
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7.5. Functionality Provided by the Email Engine
Because of the Email Engine modules described above, Mobile Gateway is able to provide a range of
functionality to users in addition to standard IMAP email. This includes email to SMS / MMS, social
networking, and web feeds.
Email without conversion technologies is limited to phones that have a built-in email application. However,
built-in SMS and MMS clients provide a very good platform to send and receive emails using any handset.
The technologies that underpin the architecture of Synchronica Mobile Gateway are all based on widely used
industry standards, such as SMPP for email to SMS, MM7 for email to MMS, and SMTP for emails.
Synchronica Mobile Gateway provides a channel between email back-ends, essentially corporate and ISP
email accounts, and mobile phone users in operators' networks. For email to SMS and MMS to work, it uses
the MS-to-Email Engine to extract text from an email and convert it into an SMS message and converts and
resizes pictures and attachments so they can be sent as MMS.
The chart below provides a schematic overview of the Mobile Gateway architecture and its components that
take part in the email-to-SMS and email-to-MMS conversion. The Observation Engine identifies new
messages in users' mailboxes. The SMS-to-Email Engine converts emails to text and text to emails. The
MMS-to-Email Engine and transcoder convert emails and attachments to MMS messages and back.
The Observation Engine identifies and collects the new email in the user's email box. The Email-to-SMS
Engine extracts the text content from the email message and converts it to standard SMS messages. Five of
these SMS messages are bundled and forwarded to the recipient with an SMS shortcode, basically a unique
phone number.
If users want to read more of the message, they reply to the SMS to request more of the message, and
Mobile Gateway identifies the message based on the SMS shortcode and the users' MSISDN. It then delivers
the next set of text content to the user's phone.
The flow diagram below summarizes in basic steps how an email message is identified, converted, and then
sent as SMS to the mobile phone.
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When the user replies to an email to SMS, Mobile Gateway identifies the original message based on the
user's MSISDN and the SMS shortcode, fetches the original email message, and appends the response from
the SMS to it. Using the SMTP protocol, this message is then sent to the recipient as a reply email.
The flowchart below shows how a mobile user can reply to an email message in an SMS.
When creating a new SMS-to-email message on a phone that has no email client, the SMS message which
contains the email address of the recipient is sent to a dedicated number. The Email-to-SMS Engine
interprets the SMS and converts it into an email address, a subject line, and the body text of an email.
Based on the user's MSISDN, Mobile Gateway logs into the user's email account and sends the SMS-to-email
message to the recipient. The addressee then receives it as a bona fide email sent from the senders email
account.
After the Observation Engine of Synchronica Mobile Gateway has identified and collected a new email
message from the user's mailbox, the MMS-to-Email Engine extracts the text, images, and attachments and
assembles an email-to-MMS message from the contents. Images and attachments are optimized by the
Transcoding Engine which converts and resizes them so they can be displayed on the mobile handset.
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When the transcoding is complete, Mobile Gateway assembles the MMS messages and sends them to the
mobile phone from a unique phone number, the MMS shortcode. The Email-to-MMS message is displayed in
the MMS client of the phone as a standard MMS message with pictures, text, and sound if the attachments
contain any.
The following chart shows how email messages and attachments are converted into an MMS message and
how the MMS is sent to the mobile handset.
When the user replies to an email-to-MMS message, they can add images as attachments to the response.
When the reply is sent, Mobile Gateway identifies the original email message, using a combination of the
user's phone number and the MMS shortcode. The MMS reply is added to the original email, and the reply is
sent to the sender of the original message as an email.
The following diagram explains what happens when the user responds to an email-to-MMS message and how
an MMS containing images is converted into an email.
When creating a new MMS-to-email message on a phone that only has a built-in MMS client, users enter the
email address of the recipient, the subject line, and body text and add any graphics or voice messages to
the MMS. This message is sent to a unique MMS phone number where the Email-to-MMS Engine interprets
the various components of the message and creates a standard email with an addressee, a subject line,
body text, and image and sound attachments. Mobile Gateway then uses the user's phone number to identify
the email account, logs into the account, and sends the email message to the recipient.
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Social networking content is delivered as email, MMS, or SMS, using the Email Engine. This content is
delivered directly into the inbox of standard clients for email, MMS, or SMS on a user's mobile handset.
Where a social networking site offers instant messaging, for example, Facebook C hat, this is provided to the
standard instant messaging client on a user's handset, using Mobile Gateway's IMPS \ XMPP Engine.
Because email and instant messaging are both delivered to standard clients on users' handsets, users do not
have to learn new interfaces to use social networking with Mobile Gateway.
Because Mobile Gateway makes use of its existing email and instant messaging functionality, it uses the
same setup and configuration processes as described earlier. That is, users register their social networking
account, and with the user's phone details, Mobile Gateway uses its client provisioning module to send a
provisioning message (email or instant messaging) to the user's handset. The provisioning message
configures the built-in clients on the handset. If the user's handset does not have a built-in email client,
Mobile Gateway can deliver social networking content via email to SMS or email to MMS.
Mobile Gateway's Observation and Notification Engine then monitors the user's server, and if new content is
found, this is pushed to the user's handset.
At the back-end, Mobile Gateway connects to social networking servers, using UDC -JC R connectors; these
use a combination of protocols to obtain user content, for example, RSS for news feeds, XMPP for instant
messaging, or APIs for other content.
While each UDC -JC R connector is written for a specific instant messaging service, they all plug into the
Mobile Gateway UDC to maintain a uniform interface for Mobile Gateway to interact with the different service
types.
Mobile Gateway is currently configured to access the most popular social networking sites, Facebook,
Twitter, and LinkedIn, as described in the following sections.
Mobile Gateway allows users to update their Facebook status from their mobile phones, as well as read
status updates from their friends. They can receive instant notification for new wall posts or when the user is
poked. Mobile notification for friend requests allows users to quickly grow their network, comment on, and
like friends' photographs, status updates, and wall posts. Mobile Gateway also allows users to leave posts on
their Facebook walls and instantly upload and share photographs taken from their mobile phone's camera.
Any activity on the user's social networking account, such as status updates, comments, or posts on the wall,
are incorporated into the user's feeds which in turn are detected by Mobile Gateway. Using the API for
Facebook, Synchronica Mobile Gateway checks for new feeds, these updates are then sent over to the user's
phone either as email messages or as MMS or SMS.
For example, if someone from a user's social network adds a new comment to the user's wall, Mobile
Gateway collects the feed and delivers it to the email account on the user's mobile phone. The message
includes who posted the comment, as well as the comment itself. When the user replies to this feed from his
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includes who posted the comment, as well as the comment - Push
itself. When Email
the user - Synchr…
replies to this feed from his
phone, Mobile Gateway converts the reply message into a comment and posts it on the user's wall.
A diagram showing content flow from Facebook through Mobile Gateway to a user handset is shown in Figure
13 - Facebook content flow.
Twitter users can read tweets from those they are following. They receive instant notification whenever
someone follows them or whenever personal @-messages are received. Mobile Gateway receives tweets as
an RSS feed using its built-in UDC -JC R (RSS) connector, it then converts them to email, MMS, or SMS and
sends them to the user's phone.
LinkedIn users receive network updates posted on their LinkedIn user homepage. Mobile Gateway receives
these updates as an RSS feed using its built-in UDC -JC R (RSS) connector, it then converts them to email,
MMS, or SMS and sends them to the user's phone.
Web feed content is delivered to user handsets as email, MMS, or SMS, using the Email Engine. C ontent is
delivered directly into an email, MMS, or SMS inbox and accessed by the user using the standard email /
MMS / SMS client on his handset.
Mobile Gateway uses the same setup and configuration processes as seen with email for web feeds. Users
select from a list of operator pre-configured web feeds or register new web feeds. Using user phone details,
Mobile Gateway sends an email provisioning message to the user's handset with its client provisioning
module. The provisioning message configures the built-in email client on the user's handset. If the user's
handset does not have a built-in email client, Mobile Gateway will deliver web feed content to the user's
device via email to SMS or email to MMS. Mobile Gateway's observation and Notification Engine then
monitors the web feed server, and if new content is found, this is pushed to the user's handset.
At the back-end, Mobile Gateway connects to web feed servers, using a built-in UDC -JC R (RSS) web feed
connector. This connector provides users with live updates from any website that supports RSS feeds.
8. Synchronization Engine
With Synchronica Mobile Gateway 5, there are two ways to initiate the synchronization process. The user can
trigger it manually by selecting the appropriate menu item in his phone's synchronization client. Or the
server can initiate the process (DS Push). As defined by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA), in DS Push, the
server sends a notification message to a phone, causing it to connect back to the server which then
transmits the changes to the phone. To the end-user, this process is completely transparent.
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During the synchronization session, Mobile Gateway receives either an XML byte array or a compressed
format WAP Binary XML (WBXML) which it then converts to XML. The XML or WBXML document is interpreted
as a SyncML request that is part of the SyncML session. The sync core takes the SyncML requests and sends
the client modifications to the back-end via the Universal Data C onnector. It collects any server
modifications, and after matching all modifications, any server modifications are sent back to the client.
Once the synchronization process has started, there are two types of synchronization: Fast sync (normal
synchronization) in which only items modified since the previous synchronization session are updated. Slow
sync in which all items are synchronized; this is normally only required for the initial synchronization session.
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8.2. Client Mapping and Conflict Resolution (Fast Sync)
Fast sync relies on the client / server mapping in the database which contains the client and server keys.
Only modifications are compared and synchronized between the server and client, resulting in short
synchronization sessions. A conflict is detected when the same item is modified on the client or server side.
In automatic conflict resolution mode, the server modification wins and is sent to the client, overriding client
changes.
The content of device items, such as an iC alendar event or a vC ard contact, differ between manufacturers
and models. For example, field lengths may differ, the event may use Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) only, or
local time only. To handle these differences, serializers and deserializers are device-specific.
Alert for each data store which the client wants to synchronize (Package #1)
Put command for the client's device information (Package #1 or #3)
Get command for the server's device information (Package #1 and #3)
Status command for the server's response (Package #3 and #5)
Add, replace, or delete command for data items (Package #3)
Alert for each data store which the server wants to synchronize (Package #2)
Status command for the client's request (Package #2 and #4)
Put command for the server's device information (Package #2 and #4)
Get command for the client's device information (Package #2 and #4)
Add, replace, or delete command for data items (Package #4)
Final acknowledgement (Package #6) - optional
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Gateway via a live update mechanism to stay constantly up to date with changes to these configurations.
Most of the native clients follow the SyncML standard, with only a few device-specific deviations. Most of
these deviations relate to content representation, for example, not all vC ard properties of a contact are
known by a device, or these deviations may relate to the synchronization process.
The UDC is highly flexible, allowing new links to be provided to access a wide range of back-ends and
existing built-in connectors which link to the most popular services.
UDC adaptors are dynamically loaded by Mobile Gateway at runtime and do not need to be linked to the
application. Providing additional scalability, the UDC adaptors can even run on a separate server and may
be load-balanced for horizontal scalability and failover on the data access layer.
DC s are individually developed, mapping one native protocol to the data schema. Multiple adapters can be
grouped to provide customized access where needed. Since each data repository is often considerably
different and accessing each one requires consideration of these differences, the UDC provides a means to
encapsulate the nuances of various data repositories, providing a consistent data view to the Gateway and in
effect bridging the divide. This provides a number of benefits:
Scalability. There are no realistic limitations to the number of connectors associated with a Gateway
installation
Maintainability. Sun Java System Mobile C ommunications gateway requires no modification for any
new data repository; the UDC communicates a defined syntax that provides the gateway with a
consistent data view, regardless of the underlying data structure
Deployment. Due to the distributive nature of the UDC through the use of JAX-WS, the connectors can
be deployed in multiple situations; they are not dependent on either the Gateway or their respective data
repository
Modularity. Due to the modular approach used for the connector development, external organization
can develop customized UDC s
Back-end servers offer access to multiple content platforms, such as email, social networking services,
personal information, news, and sport feeds. Email and PIM servers can range from enterprise servers like
Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Domino, or Sun Java C ommunications Suite to popular ISP services like Yahoo or
Gmail, providing business users, as well as consumers, with mobile access to push email, address book, and
calendar. IM back-ends either have an open standards-based access or feature an API that enables those IM
communities to chat with mobile devices. Similarly, SNS back-ends provide an open standards-based
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access, such as RSS, or an API so Mobile Gateway can check the account for updates.
Back-End Protocols
IMAP(S) Between UDC (JC R) and IMAP email servers
IMAP IDLE Between Mobile Gateway and device
POP3 Between Mobile Gateway and device
Email
SMTP(S) Between UDC (JC R) and SMTP email servers
WebDAV Between UDC (JC R) and Microsoft Exchange
C ORBA Between UDC (JC R) and Lotus Domino
LDAP(S) Between UDC (JC R) and Sun Java C ommunications Suite contacts
PIM WC AP(S) Between UDC (JC R) and Sun Java C ommunications Suite calendar
WebDAV Between UDC (JC R) and Microsoft Exchange
For an XMPP-based community including Google Talk, Facebook C hat and the
IM XMPP (Jabber)
Mobile Gateway built-in XMPP server
Proprietary APIs Windows Live Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, AIM, and IC Q
Front-end protocols
Dynamic device configuration
C ontent model
Synchronica email and IM clients
The protocols on the front-end enable seamless communication among the several parties. These protocols
also make it possible for all users to enjoy and benefit from the best user experience that their handset can
provide. Business users with smartphones can enjoy an almost PC -like experience with the built-in email,
calendar, and address book applications, using HTTP. Mid-tier feature phones can also make the most of the
built-in applications; emails (IMAP, POP3, and SMTP), contacts, and calendar items (SyncML) are managed
with the native clients on the phone. With IM clients available for several mobile platforms including Java,
iPhone, Windows Mobile, and Android, if the phone does not have a built-in IM application, instant messaging
can be added to any of these phones. Even low-end basic phones can send and receive emails with the
email-to-SMS and email-to-MMS technologies and also receive updates from their social networking accounts
or favorite news, sports, or entertainment sites.
The secure SSL version of each protocol makes sure that data is encrypted during transport, adding
industry-standard security to next-generation mobile messaging.
Front-End Protocols
HTTP(S) Between Mobile Gateway and device
IMAP(S) Between Mobile Gateway and device
IMAP IDLE Between Mobile Gateway and device
Email POP3 Between Mobile Gateway and device
SMTP(S) Between Mobile Gateway and device
SMS, MMS Between entry-level mobile phones and Mobile Gateway
WAP Between mid-tier feature phones and Mobile Gateway
PIM OMA DS (SyncML) Between SyncML PIM back-ends and Mobile Gateway
XMPP / Jabber Between XMPP desktop clients
OMA IMPS Between IM clients on mobile phones
IM OMA C SP Between Mobile Gateway server and mobile client
SMS, MMS Between entry-level mobile phones and Mobile Gateway
WAP Between mid-tier feature phones and Mobile Gateway
OTA OMA C P Between mobile phones and Mobile Gateway
Although Mobile Gateway is based on IMAP / SMTP / OMA DS/ OMA IMPS industry standards, individual
device implementations of the standards vary. Dynamic device configuration allows different device
implementations to be managed correctly within Mobile Gateway.
To support the regular launch of new devices and platform versions in the market, Mobile Gateway operates
an automatic update process for handsets and device configurations, allowing new handsets to be added to
the service simply and easily without upgrades to the core Mobile Gateway server.
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10.2. Content Model
The content model defines the internal representation of each content type (email, IM, contacts, calendar,
contacts, tasks, and notes) and maps them to JC R nodes and properties in the Universal Data C onnector.
Palm OS. Synchronica offers a synchronization client for Palm OS-based PDAs and smartphones,
enabling synchronization of emails, contacts, appointments, and tasks via Mobile Gateway
Windows Mobile. Synchronica offers a synchronization client for Windows Pocket PC s and Windows
smartphones to enable wireless synchronization of emails, contacts, appointments, and tasks including
support for Windows Mobile 5 and Windows Mobile 6
In addition, a desktop client is available for Windows (Outlook, Outlook Express, Windows Mail) for users
who do not have a direct connection to their PIM server, but require PIM data on their PC .
The range of Synchronica Mobile Gateway clients is shown in the following diagram:
11. Database
This sections describes architecture components used with the Synchronica Mobile Gateway 5 database.
These components include:
The SETTINGSDB database stores all device- and operator-specific settings that are needed to perform
over-the-air client provisioning of mobile device email and synchronization applications.
During the installation and the first start of Mobile Gateway, the databases with all tables, constraints, and
indexes are created and set up with the needed data. The applied settings and parameters are part of
regular load and performance testing of Synchronica products.
The database schemas are described in more detail in the following sections.
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Database Tables
Unique Constraints
The unique constraint for the database is EMAIL in the gw_user table.
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Database Tables
Mobile Gateway is primarily designed to be deployed in a carrier network or service provider environment;
however, it can also be installed behind a company firewall and connected directly to a company groupware
server.
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12.2. Security
Mobile Gateway supports SSL and TLS for data encryption when communicating with back-end services, SSL
for connections using the HTTPS protocol, and TLS for IMAPS and SMTPS. It uses MD5 for encrypted
authentication. As such, all traffic flowing between Mobile Gateway and back-end servers through the public
internet, is secured.
SSL / TLS encryption mechanisms are widely accepted in industry as secure, and, for example, are used by
banks to secure access to user's bank accounts in the context of online banking. Since Synchronica Mobile
Gateway is based entirely on open industry standards and does not require any additional client to be
downloaded to the handset, Mobile Gateway is focused on industry standards for encryption. Mobile Gateway
currently does not implement additional proprietary encryption mechanisms or string encryption, such as
AES or Triple DES, which would require a proprietary client implementation on the device.
Mobile Gateway does not duplicate user data to a local database on the Mobile Gateway server, so a
compromized Mobile Gateway does not give immediate access to users' data. Instead, Synchronica only
stores metadata (e.g., modification date / time and unique identifiers for user data items). However, Mobile
Gateway's push functionality does require the ability to log in to a user's account and periodically poll it in
order to detect changes and then initiate a synchronization with the device.
Therefore, it is essential that the server environment for Mobile Gateway is secure from unauthorized
access. In the case of operator hosted deployments, Mobile Gateway is typically deployed in the same
security zone as other mission critical applications and therefore secure from external access. In the case of
Synchronica hosting Mobile Gateway on behalf of a carrier, the connection between Mobile Gateway and the
operator's network is secured with an encrypted VPN tunnel established between the Synchronica hosting
center and the operator's data center. Therefore, all data transfer over the public internet targeted at an
end-user device is protected from unauthorized access.
The last leg of the communication, from the operator's data center to the end-user's device, is protected by
the standard encryption of the GSM network. In addition, Synchronica Mobile Gateway supports encrypted
communication with device clients, using the SSL / TLS encryption standards - IMAP(S) for email and
HTTP(S) and SyncML for synchronizing calendar and contacts. Encryption of the wireless leg of the
communication is available on devices where the built-in email and SyncML clients support IMAP(S) and
SyncML over HTTP(S).
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The component parts of network integration are described in the following sections.
It serves as a central repository and can be deployed as a standard Structured Query Language (SQL)
database, such as MySQL or Oracle, running on Solaris or Linux.
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13.11. Back-End Integration
For mobile operators who wish to offer Mobile Gateway alongside an existing or new proprietary back-end
groupware service, Mobile Gateway offers a standard Java C ontent Repository-based API. This allows the
operator to easily support any proprietary groupware server.
In addition, email back-ends can be integrated, using IMAP and POP3, instant messaging back-ends
integrated, using XMPP, and web feed back-ends integrated, using RSS, allowing carrier-branded email and
instant messaging communities to be created.
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