Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1
Disease Severity Hepatitis A Trends
Vaccine was introduced in 1995
Children: 70% have no symptoms The rate of acute hepatitis A in US and LAC
Adults: 30% have no symptoms has steadily decreased since 1996
18
Casesper 100,000
16
No chronic infection
14
12
10
8
4
2
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Ye ar
LAC US
2
Types of Viral Hepatitis- Bloodborne
B C
Virus
fluids
Percutaneous,
fluids
Percutaneous,
Hepatitis B
transmission permucosal permucosal
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Ye ar
LAC US
3
Hepatitis B Outbreaks in LAC Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
4 Hepatitis B Universal vaccination of infants
outbreaks in LAC
Required vaccination for school
since 1999
Skilled nursing Vaccination also recommended for:
facilities and MSM
retirement centers Injection drug users
All associated with Health care workers
contaminated Dialysis patients
diabetic equipment
STD clinic attendees
Disease Severity
Hepatitis C
70-80% get chronic disease
20-30% of those with chronic infection
can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and
liver cancer
Most common reason for liver
transplant
4
Estimated Incidence of Acute Hepatitis C
United States, 1982-2000 Hepatitis C Trends
Surrogate testing of
blood donors
20 Anti-HCV test The incidence rate of acute hepatitis C
18 (1st generation)
licensed in LAC has been very low:
Cases per 100,000
16
14 Five confirmed cases in 2004
12
Anti-HCV test
10 (2ndgeneration) Three confirmed cases in 2005
8 licensed
6 Four confirmed cases in 2006
4 Decline among Decline among
transfusion recipients injection drug users
2
0
93
82
86
87
88
89
90
91
94
95
99
83
84
85
92
96
97
98
00
20
Source: CDC
~160,000 in LAC
Healthcare Transmission
Recognized primarily in context of Prophylaxis- NONE!
outbreaks
Chronic hemodialysis No prophylaxis at this time
Hospital and doctor’s offices Offer vaccination against hepatitis
(procedures) A and B to protect liver
Unsafe injection practices
Modify risk behaviors
Reuse of syringes and needles
Contaminated multiple dose medication
vials
5
Treatment
Depending on the type of hepatitis C virus
that you have, the treatment has a 40% to
80% chance of getting rid of the virus
For people infected with the most common
Thank You
type of hepatitis C (genotype 1) in the United
States, treatment is successful in 50% of
cases
Studies show that African Americans have a
much lower success rate with treatment—only
28%