Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
MEVI 162
Spring 2008
By
Z.Fahmy
Lighting Cameraman
1
Elements of the course
This creates a three-way interaction. A successful interview will include all three groups in
the correct mix.
• Standing
• Seated
• In car
• Walking
• Working
• On phones
• Vox pop
You can also call it (Sound bit) the videotaped quote in television news
• Static
• Walk and talk
• Intro
• Bridge- A transition between segments of audio or video
2
• Sign- off
Static Framing
The 2/3 rule
The triangle rule
Balance
One centre of interest
The depth of the frame
Composing with the lens – wide and tele
Colour harmony
For example, don't have a shot where there's excessive empty space above a person's head.
That's just dead space. There should be just a little room above a person's head in a shot.
And if the person is looking to the side, add space in the direction in which the person is
looking.
3
Background Interference
Avoid objects in the background which can distract from the person you are filming.
Have you ever recorded shots where trees seem to grow out of people's heads or telephone
wires appear to run through their ears?
Maybe you will begin with 2 shots and then zoom in to one shot, you must find the right time
to pan between person A and person B.
Do not let person A and B look at each other the whole time, you must therefore stand so
close to the camera that they can communicate with you.
It is clever of the programme leader to call the guests by their names, it helps the
photographer to find a starting point and gives time for a new frame.
(he needs to keep turning his head backwards and forwards to do both jobs)
4
VOX POP
Vox pop means asking a few people the same questions and then gathering all the answers
into one fast sequence.
Choose a busy area (e.g. the market square/shopping centre), and make the object come to
you, rather than running after him/her.
When you are out on location, try to find a light source, so that you have some exposure on
the interview object.
Try to find alternately where the object is standing against camera left or camera right, if you
would like to give the impression of something controversial.
When you interview a person who is standing up, hold the camera in such a way that you still
have room for the journalist interviewing the person.
The 5 Ws & H
Talking about sounds do remember the 5 Ws &H
The primary questions a news story answers --Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?
Most in-camera microphones do a pretty good job of picking up general sounds during
recording. But please try not to use the on camera mic, it is not that good after all.
Avoid showing the microphone in the shot.
5
The first decision is which type of microphone best suits your situation.
Hand-Held Mics
Hand-held mics are versatile and relatively easy to use. They are well-suited to mobile
interviews, and to situations where the interviewer needs to direct the talking (people can only
speak when the interviewer points the mic at them).
Lapel Mics
Lapel mics (mig) create high quality, consistent sound. Each person has their own mic, the
mics are (theoretically) always in the correct position and unwanted noise is rejected well.
The disadvantage is that they are slower and more difficult to set up, especially if there are a
number of guests coming in and out of the IV setting. Also, if the mic position does happen to
go awry, you have tointerrupt the interview to fix it.
Radio Mics
Any type of microphone can be plugged into a small battery-powered radio transmitter and
sent to a receiver at the recording end. This frees the interviewer and guest from the restraints
of audio cables. It also means the participants can be a long way from the camera (which
would obviously be on a long zoom).
Head phone
If you are on your own, use headphones to adjust the best audio level and monitoring the
sound
Before you start shooting the interview, roll your new tape for 60 seconds color bar combined
with the 1000 Hertz at the beginning of your tape and 30 sec with the lens cap on.
This will avoid having any crinkles at the start of the tape appearing in the video you want to
shoot (if you are using an old camera)and it will give time to adjust the sound level at the
editing disc.
Do not stop or move the camera before you know that you are showing something new or
different.
6
When camera is recording, do not zoom in and out all the time and constantly pan from side
to side, this irritates the viewer, it is best to use the zoom to focus if you have enough
batteries.
When you are on location and many things happen at the same time, the photographer must
have one eye on the view-finder and one eye on what to shoot next.
There's nothing more frustrating than starting to edit and not knowing which tape is of which
shot or what is on each tape.
Cover-up
Since you very often must make a shoot quickly without having a precise script, it is better to
film too much rather than too little.
Inserts
In addition to cover the main theme, do some extra shooting (cut aways) in the area around
you, or a (reaction shot) of the reporter so that the editing person can use the extra material to
cover the reportage or the programme.
Noddies
"Noddy" is the term given to a shot of the interviewer reacting to the guest. The interviewer
may be nodding, smiling, frowning, looking concerned, etc.
Overlay
A sequence of few shots which are laid over an interview, usually showing the interviewee
recorded at another time in another place.
7
Lighting the interview
• Where are you shooting
o Int or Ext
• What do you need?
o A lighting ‘toolkit’ which?
o Modern lighting equipment and the use of colour.
• Existing light sources
o Sealing light
o Window light
• Grip equipments
• Basic portraiture and interviews
o 3 point lighting
o 2 lights
o 1 light
Z.Fahmy
Jan 2008