Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Hour Exam 4
Fall, 2004
There are 120 points on this exam. All multiple choice questions are worth five points
each. For all other questions, the point value is in parentheses at the end of the question.
He Pt P Na S F
4. How many of the following is/are planar (all atoms in the same plane) ?
SO3 PH3 BrF4-1 BCl3 SiH4
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 1
e. 0
5. a. PF5 exists but NF5 does not. Using complete sentences, suggest an
explanation for this. (5)
P is in period 3. The third shell (n = 3) has s, p, and d orbitals available.
So P is able to utilize empty valence shell d orbitals in some way to expand the octet. But
N is in period 2. The valence shell (n = 2) has only s and p orbitals and so cannot
accommodate more than 8 electrons. Both PF5 and NF5 would require 10 electrons on the
central atom. N cannot do this so NF5 does not form.
Notice that only the overlap labeled “in-phase” is the one requested in this question.
H H
_
H - C = C - C - O - C - C - C≡N:
¯
H H H :O: H
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8. In each pair of bonds indicate the more polar bond and use an arrow to show the
direction of polarity in each bond. The point of the arrow should be towards the negative
end of the bond. (3 each)
a. C-O C-N
→ →
b. B-H B–I Either accepted. Using trends of
electronegativity an argument can be made
for either.
c. B-O P–S
→ →
9. Draw any Lewis structures you use to arrive at an answer. Explain. (5 each)
a. Which has the strongest ionic bond: MgO or RbI
Two factors control the strength of an ionic bond: the size of the ions and
the charges on the ions. As charges increase, bond strength increases. As size decreases
bond strength increases. In this case MgO contains smaller, more highly charged (+2,-2)
ions than RbI which has larger, lower charged (+1,-1) ions.
b. Which nitrogen- oxygen bond will require the most energy to completely
break: NO2+1 or H2NOH [:N=N=O:]+1 and _ _
H–N–O–H
H
The N – O bond in NO2+ is a double bond while that in H3NOH is a single
bond. In general when comparing single, double and triple bonds between the same 2
atoms, the single bonds are weakest, requiring the least energy to break. Therefore the
bond in NO2+ will require more energy to break.
c. Which molecule has the higher bond order? CO3-2 or CO2
Explain. (5)
_ _
:O = C = O: bond order = 2
bond order = 1⅓
The C – O bond order is higher in CO2 because of the double bond. Carbonate has
resonance structures showing that one of the bonding pairs is ‘shared’ among three bonds
so the bond order is 1⅓.
10. For each of the following draw the Lewis structure and answer the questions. If
resonance structures are possible, draw them. The first LDS is worth 5 points.
Each question is worth one point. A resonance structure is 3 points.