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1
(f)
√ 2x − 2
Z Z
2 2
x − 1 ln x2 − 2x + 1 dx = (x − 1)3/2 ln x2 − 2x + 1 − (x − 1)3/2 2
dx
3 3 x − 2x + 1
Z
2 4
= (x − 1)3/2 ln x2 − 2x + 1 − (x − 1)1/2 dx
3 3
2 8
= (x − 1)3/2 ln x2 − 2x + 1 − (x − 1)3/2 + C.
3 9
2 4
= (x − 1)3/2 ln x2 − 2x + 1 −
+ C.
3 3
Z 3
2. Use Riemann sums to find (16 − x2 ) dx.
0
n
X n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
[Hint: The following result will be useful: i2 = 12 + 22 + 32 + · · · + n2 = .]
i=1
6
Divide [0, 3] into n subintervals with length ∆x = 3
n and choose x∗1 , x∗2 , . . . x∗n as the right-hand end
points. That is, x∗i = 3i
n . Then
n n 2 ! n
! n
X X 3i 9 X 2 X
Sn = f (x∗i )∆x
= 16 − ∆x = ∆x 16 − 2 i
i=1 i=1
n
i=1
n i=1
3(2n2 + 3n + 1)
9 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 3
= ∆x 16n − 2 = 16n −
n 6 n 2n
3 3 1
= 3 16 − 2+ + 2
2 n n
Thus Z 3
(16 − x2 )dx = lim Sn = 39,
0 n→∞
(a) Find the integral by calculating the signed area under the graph, using the formula for the
area of a trapezium (base x average height).
(b) Find the integral using Riemann sums.
(c) Find the integral by the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
(a) The required integral is the area of the trapezium with base equal to 4 and average height
equal to (11 + 27)/2 = 19. Hence
Z 6
(4t + 3) dt = 4 × 19 = 76.
2
(b) Divide [2, 6] into n subintervals with length ∆t = n4 and choose t∗1 , t∗2 , . . . t∗n as the right-hand
end points. That is, t∗i = 2 + 4i n . Then
n n n
X
∗
X 4i X 4i
Sn = f (ti )∆t = f 2+ ∆t = ∆t 4 2+ +3
i=1 i=1
n i=1
n
n n
!
X 16 X 4 16 n(n + 1) 1
= ∆t 11 + i = 11n + = 44 + 32 1 +
i=1
n i=1 n n 2 n
Hence Z 6
(4t + 3)dt = lim Sn = 44 + 32 = 76.
2 n→∞
2
(c) 2t2 + 3t is an antiderivative of 4t + 3. So
Z 6 6
(4t + 3)dt = 2t2 + 3t 2 = 2 × 62 + 3 × 6 − (2 × 22 + 3 × 2) = 76
2