Extending Equipment Uptime Life Through Contamination Control

Extending Equipment Uptime and Life through Contamination Control
Brian Redpath
Contamination Control
2018 GFX Redpath_Brian_P@cat.com
San Diego, California
June 2018
Agenda
• Background on Contamination Control
• Contamination Control Basics

• Dirt hurts & what’s a micron?
• Oil Oxidation
• Oil Sampling
• Particle Counting/ISO
• Kidney Looping
• Filtration
• CC Guides
• Success Stories
• Questions
What is Contamination Control?
Contamination Control, or CC, is a “Proactive

Product Quality Based Initiative” aimed at
improved reliability through cleanliness design
and practices related to the fluids, parts, and
systems of Caterpillar equipment.
Reactive or Proactive?
Caterpillar: Confidential Green

Contamination Control – Plants
Background/History
Just a few grains of dust – that light film on the funnel used to
fill the crankcase – the almost negligible amount that might
find its way past an improperly serviced crankcase breather.
Could such small quantities possibly have any appreciable In 1949, we had a basic
effect on the life of the engine? The answer is a very positive
understanding of how
YES!
contaminants in oil affected
product reliability and durability.
Contamination Control...
Awareness
Cover of the 1931 Operators’ Guide
Even in the very early days of

diesel technology, we had a basic
understanding of how
contaminants in fuel affected
product reliability and durability.
1931 Operators’ Guide
CARE OF FUEL SYSTEM
The first paragraph on system

care from the 1931 operators
manual states that 90% of
Diesel troubles are due to dirt
or water in the fuel.
Background/History
• Began Early to Mid 90’s
• Track-Type Tractor Division

− Initiated with first time pass test rate
− Cleaned up manufacturing & assembly processes
− Developed commissioning (kidney looping) procedures
• Spread to machine & component plants worldwide
• Specifications & test methods developed

− By 1999 all facilities focused on cleanliness
− Assembly reported 100% “Roll-Off” testing
SUCCESS Formula
CLEAN Facilities
+ CLEAN Components
+ CLEAN Processes
+ CLEAN Fluids
= CLEAN Products
=> Satisfied Dealers & Customers!

Implementation
• Contamination Control Basics

− Training
− Awareness
− Housekeeping
− Culture Change
• Implement Contamination Control:

− Clean Facilities
− Clean Components
− Clean Processes
− Clean Fluids
Training…
Classroom
&
Hands On
Make it Initial & Ongoing

Awareness…
Would You…
Use these funnels to

put oil into your
machine or engine?
Awareness…
Would You…
Add this oil to your

machine or engine?
Awareness…
Would You…
Use these bearings in

your equipment?
Awareness…
Would You…
Install this oil filter on

your engine or machine
Housekeeping…
Professional Image
Perception of Quality
Culture Change…
Is this your current floor

cleaning method?
Culture Change
Albert Einstein

Paradigm – Raise the Bar
• Current: Dirty greasy mechanic working in dirty

greasy cluttered congested poorly lit shop.
• Now / Future: Technicians are technically

competent professionals working in a clean
organized well lit workshop diligently using robust
processes.
Culture Changed…
Alumbrera/Finning
NW Argentina
Nickel Rim
Canada
Culture Changed…
Spence
Chile
Phu Bia Mining

Laos
Culture Changed…
…Being Brilliant In The Basics
Contagem, Brazil
Asansol, India

Culture Changed…
…Being Brilliant In The Basics
Lima, Peru
Dhaka, Bangladesh
What Is Contamination?

How Tough Are Particulates?
Mohs Mineral Brinell
10 Diamond Diamond Dust 10 Mohs
9 Corundum 667 Aluminum Oxide 9 Mohs

Quarry Dust (limestone) 5 - 9 Mohs
8 Topaz 304 Silica Dust 7- 8 Mohs
7 Quartz 178 Bearing Metal Particles 6 - 7 Mohs
6 Feldspar 147
5 Apatite 137 Iron Dust 5 Mohs
4 Fluorspar 64 Copper Oxides 3.5 - 4 Mohs
3 Calcite 53
2 Gypsum 12
1 Talc 3 Fingernail 1 Mohs

The Multiplication of Contaminates
• Abrasion: Hard contaminates will cut

metals, creating new contaminates
• Fatigue: Contaminates will also fatigue

metals, especially at edges and wear
points, again creating new
contaminates
• Multiplication: It is estimated that each

particle creates 8 – 10 more particles
through abrasion and fatigue
Ref: Bosch Rexroth

Effects of Contamination on Oil Oxidation Rate

Chemical – Oxidation Root Causes
Heat
62.8°C = 145°F
Above 65°C (150°F) increasing the

temperature at which lubricant is stored by
10°C (18°F) doubles the oxidation rate, which
cuts the usable life of the oil in half.
Ref: Arrhenius’s Law, Backe, STLE

Contamination Sources
• Built-in
− Manufacturing & Assembly
• New Fluids
− New Fluid may NOT be Clean
• Introduced Contamination
− Pitted Rods
− Broken or Improper Breathers
− Worn Seals
• Service and Maintenance
− Open Systems
− Replacement Parts
− Work Practices

The single greatest opportunity
for increasing component life
and lowering operating costs is
to effectively manage fluid
cleanliness.

Two Types of Contamination
“Dirt You Can See” “Dirt You Can’t See”

• 40 Microns & Larger • Under 40 Microns
• Weld Splatter • Wear Metals

• Shot Blast • Silica
• Paint Chips • Rocks
• Machine Chips • Coal
• Dirt
Ref: Caterpillar
What is a Micron?
1 Millionth of a Meter
1 Thousandth of a Millimeter
• 100 microns (µm) - grain of table salt

• 80 microns (µm) - diameter of a human hair

Size Comparison
Human Hair to a Micron
Ref: Caterpillar
Size Comparison
Hydraulic
System Clearances
Smallest
Visible
Human Hair
to the Eye
3
1 15 40
Fuel
MICRONS (µm) 80
Particles You Can’t See Are Harmful!
Ref: Caterpillar
Operating Effects of Contamination
• Cylinder Drift
• Jerky Steering
• Slower Performance
• Erratic Operation
• Shorter Service Intervals
• Higher Operating Costs

• Lost Productivity
“75-85% of hydraulic system failures are caused by contamination

-- Hydraulics & Pneumatics, June 1998
-- Equipment Today, August 1997

Oil Sampling The Right Way – NOT!
• Sampling Device Clean?

• Sample Hoses Clean?
• Dirty Towel Used - Probably?
• Working Conditions
− Work Bench
 Not Clean
 Clutter
• Doors Open
• Sample Labeling Completed?
• Result!
• Bad Data In
• Bad Data Out!
• Poor Decisions

How To Measure Contamination
Particle Counting
• Two Methods
– Spectrographic Analysis
– Particle Counting
 Microscopic (ISO 4407)
 Automatic Optical (ISO 11500)
 Automatic Pore Blockage (BS 3406)
“You Cannot Control What You Cannot Measure”
Ref: Caterpillar
Understanding Fluid Cleanliness
How do we measure fluid contamination?
21/19/16
20/17/15
18/16/13
24/21/18
16/13/10
Ref: Caterpillar
What is Milliliter (mL)?
1 Thousandth of a Liter
• 1 mL – This Bottle of Oil

• 330 mL – Bottle of Beer
• 960,000 mL – This AD60 Fuel Tank
Ref: Caterpillar
ISO 4406
Cleanliness language
(International Organization for Standardization)
• Cleanliness Language ISO 4406

• Method For Coding The Level Of
Contamination By Solid Particles
• Groups by size and quantity
>4µm / >6µm / >14µm

• Expresses Amount of Contaminant
in one mL of Fluid
• What does ISO 21/19/16 mean?
Ref: ISO, Caterpillar

ISO 4406
Code ranges / Scale numbers
ISO 4406: 1999 (E) - ISO Contamination Code Chart cont…
Number of Particles per 1 ml Scale More Than Up To and
Scale More Than Up To and Number Including
Number Including 14 80 160
28 1,300,000 2,500,000 13 40 80
Very Clean
27 Dirty 640,000 1,300,000 12 20 40
NOTE: Particle
26 320,000 640,000 11 10 count doubles 20
25 160,000 320,000 10 5 at each level 10
24 80,000 160,000 9 2.5 5
23 40,000 80,000 8 1.3 2.5
22 20,000 40,000 7 Very 0.64 1.3
Dirty Clean
21 10,000 20,000 6 0.32 0.64
20 5,000 10,000 5 0.16 0.32
19 2,500 5,000 4 0.08 0.16
18 1,300 2,500 3 0.04 0.08
17 640 1,300 2 0.02 0.04
Ultra
16 Clean 320 640 1 Clean 0.01 0.02
15 160 320 0 0.00 0.01
ISO 4406
Example
2500000
1300000 28
640000 27
Structure of ISO-Code: 320000
160000
26
25
• Number of solid particles per 80000
40000
24
23
Milliliter of fluid 20000
21
22
21
10000
• Equal to or larger than these 5000 20
2500 19 19
specified sizes: 4µm / 6µm / 14µm 1300 18
640 17
320 16 16
160 15
Example: 80 14
13
40
Equal to or larger than 4µm = 11,343 20 12
11
10
5 10
Equal to or larger than 6µm = 4,257 2.5 9
1.3 8
Equal to or larger than 14µm = 548 0.64 7
0.32 6
0.16 5
0.08 4
4µm / 6µm / 14µm 0.04 3
2
ISO Code = 21 / 19 / 16 0.02
0.01 1
0.00 0
≥4 ≥6 ≥ 14

Kidney-loop Filtration
Proven to increase oil and

Cart circulates oil through the component life and reduce costs
machine system / component
to filter out contaminants.

Kidney-loop Filtration - Results
18,000hrs Total
- 4000hr Oil Change
- w/Kidney Loop
- 50x photo
13,000hrs Total
- 1200hr Oil Change
- No Kidney Loop
- 50x photo

Kidney-loop Filtration - Wheel bearing
18K hrs, 500 hr Kidney Loop, 6um Filtration

Filter Types
• Spin-on / Cartridge
− Cellulose
− Synthetic
• Screens
• Magnets
• Centrifuges
Flow

Filter Media
Advantages / Disadvantages
Cellulose
• Advantages • Disadvantages
− Physically robust material − Higher pressure drop for a given
 No backing screen needed efficiency
 More media in same volume − Hard to make really fine element
− Inexpensive
Synthetic
− Lower initial pressure drop − Physically weaker material
 Higher efficiency available  Backing screen typically required
− Higher dirt retention capacity  Less media in given volume
per unit area  Less dirt retention for a given size
of filter
− More expensive

Filter Media
Visual differences
Cellulose (Wood Pulp) Filter Media
Fiberglass Filter Media
Machinery Lubrication (10/2012)

Screens and Magnets
Advantages / disadvantages
Screens
− Very low pressure drop − Expensive in small micron sizes
 Long life − Typically, not very good filter
− Large dirt holding capacity
− Limited real world dirt retention,
− Single pore size cannot build cake
 Blocks ALL contamination
larger than pore size − Difficult to clean
Magnets
− Trap magnetic (iron) debris in − System can wash debris off easily
system − Can be expensive
− Cleanable − Much debris not magnetic

CAT® Filter Ratings
Efficiency vs micron sizes
The differences are basically the filter media used

Standard Advanced UHE
Air Filter - Engine Initial Efficiency Rating Not Available Not Applicable
minimum (99.9% efficient)
99.6% (SAE J726)
Breathers 50 µm absolute 10 -50 µm absolute < 10 µm absolute
Engine Oil Filters 30 -40 µm absolute 15 -30 µm absolute < 15 µm absolute
Fuel Filter >10 µm absolute 4 -10 µm absolute < 4 µm absolute
Fuel/Water Separator >20 µm absolute 10 -20 µabsolute < 10 µm absolute
Hydraulic Filter 27-40 µm absolute 10 -27 µabsolute < 10 µm absolute
Power Train Filter 27-40 µm absolute 10 -27 µm absolute < 10 µm absolute

Filter Ratings
Industry
• Nominal Rated
− Media captures the majority of particulate at (60 - 98%) the rated pore size.
− Often stated as the micron size without an efficiency specification
− No industry standard
• Absolute Rated
− Largest particle that will pass through media or largest pore size
− No standard test to determine the value of the pore opening
− Efficiency typically rated at or higher than 98.6% at the micron size.
− Better way to understand effectiveness of the filter compared to Nominal
• Beta Rated
− Best method and most common
− Obtained from multipass testing – ISO 16889
− Number of particles greater that X microns upstream of the filter versus the
number of particles greater than X down stream of the filter.
 Expressed as ((beta-1/beta) x 100

Filter Efficiency and Beta Ratings
• Beta 10µ = 2
(Nominal Rating)
• Beta 22µ = 75
(Absolute Rating)
• Minimum Burst
800 PSI
5516 kPa

Nominal Absolute
Upstream Downstream Upstream Downstream
B10 = 2 B22 = 75
2 1 75 1
Filter stops 1 Filter stops 74
Beta Ratio = 2/1 = 2 Beta Ratio = 75/1 = 75
50% 98.67%

% Efficiency ß (Beta) % Efficiency ß (Beta)
100 Infinity 100.00 Infinity

90 10.00 99.9999 1,000,000
80 5.00 99.999 100,000
70 3.33 99.99 10,000
60 2.50 99.90 1,000
50 2.00 99.80 500
40 1.67 99.75 400
30 1.43 99.67 300
20 1.25 99.50 200
10 1.11 99.00 100 0.8%
0 1.00 98.67 75

Correlating Lube Oil Filtration w/ Engine Wear
• Most diesel engine clearances 2-22 µm

− Size most likely to damage engine parts
• Standard filtration lube 40 µm
• Finer filtration reduces abrasive engine
wear
− Wear reduced 50% with 30 µm filter
− Wear reduced 70% with 15 µm filter
Many CAT® machines systems / component

have a higher efficiency filter option
Ref: SAE Technical Paper 881825

Machinery Life Extension Table
Machinery life Extension Table
Oil ISO Cleanliness Target ISO
20/17 19/16 18/15 17/14 16/13 15/12 14/11 13/10 12/9 11/8 10/7 ISO
5 3 7 3.5 9 4 >10 5 >10 6 >10 7.5 >10 9 >10 >10 >10 >10 >10 >10 >10 >10 26/22
4 2.5 4.5 3 6 3.5 6.5 4 7.5 5 8.5 6.5 10 7 >10 9 >10 >10 >10 >10 >10 >10
4 2.5 5 3 7 3.5 9 4 >10 5 >10 6 >10 7 >10 9 >10 >10 >10 >10 >10 >10 25/22
25/22
3 2 3.5 2.5 4.5 3 5 3.5 6.5 4 8 5 9 6 10 7.5 10 9 >10 >10 >10 >10
3 2 4 2.5 6 3 7 4 9 5 >10 6 >10 7 >10 8 >10 10 >10 >10 >10 >10 24/21
24/21
2.5 1.5 3 2 4 2.5 5 3 6.5 4 7.5 5 8.5 6 9.5 7 >10 8 >10 >10 >10 >10
2 1.5 3 2 4 2.5 5 3 7 3.5 9 4 >10 5 >10 6 >10 8 >10 9 >10 >10 23/20
23/20
Your Current Cleanliness Particle Count

1.7 1.3 2.3 1.5 3 2 3.7 2.5 5 3 6 3.5 7 4 8 5 10 6.5 >10 8.5 >10 10
1.6 1.3 2 1.5 3 2 4 2.5 5 3 7 3.5 8 4 >10 5 >10 6 >10 7 >10 >10 22/19
22/19
1.4 1.1 1.8 1.3 2.3 1.7 3 2 3.5 2.5 4.5 3 5.5 3.5 7 4 8 5 10 5.5 >10 8.5
1.3 1.2 1.5 1.5 2 1.7 3 2 4 2.5 5 3 7 3.5 9 4 >10 5 >10 7 >10 10 21/16
21/18
1.2 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.4 2.2 1.6 3 2 3.5 2.5 4.5 3 5 3.5 7 4 9 5.5 10 8
1.3 1.2 1.6 1.5 2 1.7 3 2 4 2.5 5 3 7 4 9 5 >10 7 >10 9 20/17
20/17
1.2 1 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.4 2.3 1.7 3 2 3.5 2.5 5 3 6 4 8 5.5 10 7
1.3 1.2 1.5 1.5 2 1.7 3 2 4 2.5 5 3 7 4 9 6 >10 8 19/16
19/16
1.2 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.5 2.2 1.7 3 2 3.5 2.5 5 3.5 7 4.5 9 6
1.3 1.2 1.6 1.5 2 1.7 3 2 4 2.5 5 3 7 4.5 >10 6 18/15
18/15
1.2 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.7 3 2 3.5 2.5 5.5 3.7 8 5
1.3 1.2 1.6 1.5 2 1.7 3 2 4 2.5 6 3 8 5 17/14
17/14
1.2 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.5 2.2 1.7 3 2 4 2.5 6 3.5
1.3 1.2 1.6 1.5 2 1.7 3 2 4 3.5 6 4 16/13
16/13
Hydraulics & Rolling 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.8 3.7 3 4.5 3.5
Diesel Engine Elem Bearings 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.5 2 1.7 3 2 4 2.5 15/12
15/12
Joumal Bearings Gear Boxes & 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.8 3 2.2
Turbo machinery Others 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 2 1.8 3 2 14/11
14/11
1.3 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.5 2.3 1.8
1.4 1.2 1.8 1.5 2.5 1.8 13/10
1.2 1.1 1.6 1.3 2 1.6
Diesel engine oil at 20/17. If filtered clean and kept at 16/13 will promote an engine "Life Extension"
of 3 times nomal life. Gear box oil at 20/17. If filtered clean and kept at 13/10promote
will a gear
box "Life Extension" of 3 times nomal life.
Ref: Noria Corp
Caterpillar: Confidential GreenRef: Noria

Contamination Control Example
Dirt through a pump
How much difference will cleaning oil from

ISO -/21/18 to ISO -/18/15 to ISO -/16/13
really make?
Example:
121 LPM (32 GPM) pump
working 8 hours / day
for 200 days

Contamination Control Example
Dirt through a pump
Amount of “Dirt” Flowing

Amount of “Dirt” in Oil Through Pump in One Year
ISO -/21/18 630 lb / yr

ISO -/18/15
ISO -/16/13 79 lb / yr
20 lb / yr

Visualizing Contamination
How much “dirt” can be present in a 208 liter (55 gallon) drum
of oil and still meet ISO -/16/13?
Half an aspirin!
160 mg

Why Contamination Control?
Advances in technology
Result:
Today’s Fluid Systems Are More Sensitive To Contamination
• Hydraulics
• Transmissions / Final drives
• Fuel systems
• Engines
Industry Trends:
• Electro-hydraulics
Variable Displacement Pump*
• Tighter Clearances Slipper-Port Plate Clearances from 1-25µm
• Higher System Pressures

Why Contamination Control?
Industry trends
Fuel Systems
• Common Rail Fuel System
• Higher Pressures: 30,000+ PSI (2000 bar)
• Tighter injector clearances
Manufacturer’s
FIE manufacturers’
Cleanliness
Cleanliness Requirement
Requirement
At
High Pressure Pump Inlet
ISO 12/9/6
CR 200 Injector

CC GUIDES

Implement Contamination Control
Procedures in the Work Shop
Cat® Dealer Contamination Control Compliance Guide Rev05
PEBJ0002-05 / PSBJ0002-05
English / Español
 18 Sections
 122 Standards

Caterpillar Customer Compliance Guide
14 Sections, 97 Standards
• Training
• Equipment Wash Facility
• Shop Attributes
• Shop Practices
• Remove And Install
• Tool Storage
• Parts Storage
• CRC or Reman Parts Return
• Hydraulic Hose Building / Rebuilding
• Bulk And Portable Fluid Storage
• Fuel Considerations
• Lube Truck
• Field Service Vehicle
• Fluid Analysis

Caterpillar Customer Compliance Guide
Standards
Compliance Guide Process Medium to high volume wash equipment
to remove heavy deposits of mud
• Good - machines are washed with high volume
water source such as a fire hose
• Acceptable - machines are washed with
medium pressure washer
• Not recommended - machines are washed with
“home owner” type pressure washer or low
pressure source such as a garden hose
Good = 8
Acceptable = 4 Not recommended = 0

Caps & plugs for hoses used
•Good – plastic or metal plugs and caps
•Acceptable - plastic taped over hose ends
•Not recommended - no caps used, rags stuffed
in holes or tape used to close open oil lines,
ports, etc.
Good = 8
Calculator Work Sheet Acceptable = 4 Not recommended = 0

Fisher Scientific
(630) 259-4515
Start With Clean Tanks… www.fishersci.com
USA Ph (800) 766-7000
Fax # (800) 926-1166
Petroleum Bacon Bomb Sampler
ASTM D 4057-95
14-209-D
Bulk Tank Fluid Maintenance – Sampling

Enables fluid & tank condition

Bulk Tank Sampling…
Customer spent $6,800 on a Track Loader

Fuel System Repair

Supplier Requirements
Must be part of the formal CC program
Discuss the need for

clean fluid deliveries
A teaspoon of dirt in a fuel tank

can ruin an injector in 8 hours.

Success
Stories

Batu Hijau Newmont - Indonesia
793C Wheel Groups/Differentials

• Oil Drain Periods Extended
• Customer Savings =
• Year 1 (2001) = $110,000
• Over 3 years > $325,000
• Operating Cost Reduction - Wheel Groups Only

• $5.99/hour cost reduction
• 100 793Cs x $5.99/hr x 7000 hrs/yr
• Customer Savings = $ 4.2M/year

Yanacocha Copper Mine Peru
• 52 OHTs
16 - 777D
27 - 785C
9 - 793C
• Availability increased > 4%

• Wheel Group/Diff life increased 50%
• Hydraulics/ Transmission life increased 30%
• Customer estimated his savings @ $800K

La Herradura Gold Mine Mexico
2.5 16000
2.23
13580 14000
2 12350
11491 12000
1.5 10000
$/Hr.
Hrs.
8592 1.12 8000
0.94
1 0.75 6000
4000
0.5
2000
0 0
FD 1999 FD 2000 FD 2001 FD 2002
Average
1.20 13100
0.35 16000 0.97 13050
0.29 1.00 13034
0.3 13580 14000
13000
0.25 12000
0.80
10000 12950
$/Hr.
0.2
Hrs.
8592
$/Hr.
Hrs.
0.14 8000 0.60 0.75
12900
0.15
6000
0.1 12850
4000 0.40
12816
0.05 2000 12800
0.20
0 0 12750
Dif. 1999 Dif. 2002 0.00 12700
Component T 1999 T 2002
Transmissions

Customer Implementation - Results
Benchmarking Site Goals

• Lower Warranty Cost
• Lower Owning & Operating Cost
• Extend Oil Life
• Extend Component Life
All Goals were achieved – All Sites

Closing Thought?
If optimum component life is

not achieved is this a
premature failure?

QUESTIONS
Brian Redpath
Redpath_Brian_P@cat.com

Extending Equipment Uptime Life Through Contamination Control

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Extending Equipment Uptime and Life through Contamination Control

• Background on Contamination Control

• Contamination Control Basics

What is Contamination Control?

Contamination Control, or CC, is a “Proactive

Caterpillar: Confidential Green

Even in the very early days of

The first paragraph on system

• Began Early to Mid 90’s

• Track-Type Tractor Division

• Spread to machine & component plants worldwide

• Specifications & test methods developed

=> Satisfied Dealers & Customers!

• Contamination Control Basics

• Implement Contamination Control:

Make it Initial & Ongoing

Use these funnels to

Add this oil to your

Use these bearings in

Install this oil filter on

Is this your current floor

Caterpillar: Confidential Green

• Current: Dirty greasy mechanic working in dirty

• Now / Future: Technicians are technically

Phu Bia Mining

Caterpillar: Confidential Green

Caterpillar: Confidential Green

Mohs Mineral Brinell

10 Diamond Diamond Dust 10 Mohs

9 Corundum 667 Aluminum Oxide 9 Mohs

7 Quartz 178 Bearing Metal Particles 6 - 7 Mohs

5 Apatite 137 Iron Dust 5 Mohs

4 Fluorspar 64 Copper Oxides 3.5 - 4 Mohs

1 Talc 3 Fingernail 1 Mohs

Caterpillar: Confidential Green

• Abrasion: Hard contaminates will cut

• Fatigue: Contaminates will also fatigue

• Multiplication: It is estimated that each

Ref: Bosch Rexroth

Caterpillar: Confidential Green

Above 65°C (150°F) increasing the

Ref: Arrhenius’s Law, Backe, STLE

Caterpillar: Confidential Green

Caterpillar: Confidential Green

“Dirt You Can See” “Dirt You Can’t See”

• Weld Splatter • Wear Metals

• 100 microns (µm) - grain of table salt

Caterpillar: Confidential Green

• Higher Operating Costs

“75-85% of hydraulic system failures are caused by contamination

Caterpillar: Confidential Green

• Sampling Device Clean?

Caterpillar: Confidential Green

“You Cannot Control What You Cannot Measure”

• 1 mL – This Bottle of Oil

(International Organization for Standardization)

• Cleanliness Language ISO 4406

>4µm / >6µm / >14µm

Ref: ISO, Caterpillar

Ref: ISO, Caterpillar

Proven to increase oil and

Caterpillar: Confidential Green

Caterpillar: Confidential Green