Republic of the Philippines

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY-CCAT CAMPUS

Rosario, Cavite
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

FLUID MECHANICS
ENSC – 26A

SECOND MODULE AND ACTIVITY

ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

LECTURER

September 2020
First Semester
 PLEASE TRY TO SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS

ACTIVITY NUMBER 2

The piston at A has a cross-sectional area of 600 sq. cm. while that of B is 100
sq. cm. The difference in elevation between piston A and B is 2 m. If the
intervening passages are filled with oil having sp. gr. Of 0.80, what force P is
required to maintain equilibrium?
P
1.2 m 0.6 m

2 Module 2 and Activity 2 ENSC 26A

4000 kg B

2m

Oil (0.80)

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 ACTIVITY NUMBER 3

A building in Makati is 84.5 m. high above the street level. The requires static
pressure of the water line at the top of the building is 2.50 kilogram per square
centimeters. What must be the pressure in kN/m2 in the main water line located
4.75 meters below the street level?

84.5 m

3 Module 2 and Activity 2 ENSC 26A

Street Level
4.75 m

Main Water Liner

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 VAPOR PRESSURE

Whenever the free surface of a liquid is exposed to the atmosphere, evaporation

is continually taking place. The surface is in contact with an enclosed space,
evaporation takes place only until the space becomes saturated with vapor. This
vapor produces a pressure, the amount of which depends only upon the
temperature and is entirely independent of the presence or absence of air or
other gas within the enclosed space. The pressure exerted by a vapor within a
closed space is called vapor pressure.

PROBLEM NUMBER 1

1
A cylindrical glass tubing 1 8 inches inside diameter and 36 inches long with

one end closed is immersed vertically, with the open end down, into a tank of
4 cleaning solvent (specific gravity = 0.73) until only 2 inches
Module 2 andof its length
Activity remain
2 ENSC 26A
above the liquid surface. If the barometric pressure is 14.3 psi and neglecting
vapor pressure, how high will the fluid rise in the tube?
9
∈∅
8

2∈¿
Water Surface

34∈¿

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 Given:

P1=14.3 lb/¿2 → initial pressure in the tubing before immersion

P2 = final pressure in the tubing after immersion in the solvent.

Solution:

P2=P1 +wh

1 ft 3
P2=14.3 lb /¿2 + ( 0.73 ) ( 62.4 lb /ft 3 ) ( 34−h ) ( )
1728

P2=14.3 lb /¿2 +0.0264 lb/ft 3 ( 34−h )

P2=14.3+ 0.896−0.0264 h

P2=15.196−0.0264 h

Boyle’s Law

5 c Module 2 and Activity 2 ENSC 26A

V=
P

PV =c

P1 V 1=P2 V 2

Charles Law

P 1 P2
=
T1 T 2

Combining Boyles and Charles Laws

P1V 1 P2V 2
= → → PV =MRT
T1 T2

π ( 1.125 )
V 1=¿ initial volume ¿ ( 36 )
4

V 1=35.785 ¿3

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 π (1.125 )2
V 2= (36−h )
4

V 2=0.994 ( 36−h )

V 2=35.784−0.994 h

Use Boyles Law

P1 V 1=P2 V 2

( 14.3 ) ( 35.785 )=( 15.196−0.0264 h ) ( 35.784−0.994 h )

511.73=(−0.0264 h+ 15.196 )(−0.994 h+35.784 )

511.73=0.026 h2−15.11h

−0.95 h+543.77

511.73=0.026 h2−16.06 h+543.77

6 0.026 h2 =16.06 h+543.77−511.73 Module 2 and Activity 2 ENSC 26A

0.026 h2 −16.06 h+32.04

−b ± √ b2 −4 ac
h=
2a

2
−16.06 ± √ (−16.06 ) −4 ( 0.026 ) ( 32.04 )
h=
2 ( 0.026 )

−16.06 ± 15.956
h=
0.052

h=−1.23 h=615

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 MEASURING PRESSURE

A. MANOMETER – is a tube, usually bent in the form of aV , containing a

liquid known as specific gravity, the surface of which moves
proportionally to change of pressure.
Type of Manometer
a) Open type – with an atmospheric surface in one leg and capable of
measuring gage pressure.
b) Differential type – without an atmospheric surface and capable of
measuring only differences of pressure.

7 Open Type Manometer Module 2 and Activity 2 ENSC 26A

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 Differential Type Manometer

B. PRESSURE GAGE – is a device for measuring gage pressure. The

8 Module 2 and Activity 2 ENSC 26A
movement in one type of pressure gage, known as the single to be gage,
the fluid enters the tube though the threaded connection.

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 ACTIVITY NUMBER 4

In a manometer shown, the fluid from A to B is mercury (sp. gr. = 13.6) and
from B to C, the fluid is oil (sp. gr. = 0.80). At what height, h, of mercury will
give a pressure of 226.30 grams/cm2 at C. Use density of water of 1.0 grams per
cu.cm.

9 Module 2 and Activity 2 ENSC 26A

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA