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1 Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2005. College Textbooks Enhanced Offerings Appear to Drive Recent Price
Increases. GAO-05-806. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05806.pdf.
2 "New Laws, Free Books and Textbook Rentals Could Help Curb Rising Costs." The Student PIRGs. August 26, 2010.
3 The Student PIRGs. January 2004. Ripoff 101: How The Publishing Industry's Practices Needlessly Drive Up Textbook Costs.

For all research by the Student PIRGs, see http://www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/reports.

4 The Student PIRGs. February 2005. Ripoff 101: How The Current Practices Of The Textbook Industry Drive Up The Cost Of

College Textbooks.
5 The Student PIRGs. August 2008. Course Correction: How Digital Textbooks Are Off Track And How To Set Them Straight.

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6 The Student PIRGs. 2005. Affordable Textbooks for the 21st Century: A Guide to Establishing Textbook Rental Services.
http://www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/reports
7 CourseSmart has not, however, released official sales data.
8 Xplana. April 2010. Digital Textbook Sales in U.S. Higher Education — A Five-Year Projection. http://blog.xplana.com/reports/

digital-textbook-sales-in-u-s-higher-education-–-a-five-year-projection/
9 Student PIRGs, 2008

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10 "Amazon.com's Kindle fails first college test." Seattle Times. May 23, 2010. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/
businesstechnology/2011938870_kindle24.html
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12Student PIRGs, 2008

13It may be possible that students have not begun to embrace digital textbooks because they are not yet familiar with the
available options. However, our survey suggests this is unlikely: only 13% of the students who preferred print textbooks chose "I
don't know enough about the other options [e-books and e-readers]" as a reason for their preference.

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14 Assuming "all" means the student rents 100% of their books, "most" means 75%, "half" means 50%, "a few" means 25%, and
"none" means 0%.
15 This figure is likely inflated, since our calculations assume that every textbook is available for rent. In actuality, many

textbooks cannot be rented due to frequent revisions, single use formats and consumable supplements.

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16 Includes the pro-rated average cost of an e-reading device, assuming 8 semesters at 4 classes each ($14.50).

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@*"*$%"3/%B$/$,".%$A+,*@%*+%,$03%03%*($%2+@*%+B%(0#($,%$/)2"O+3H%%

18 See www.studentpirgs.org/open-textbooks/faculty-statement.
19 See www.oerconsortium.org and www.collegeopentextbooks.org.

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C,02$%/0@2.+@),$%C,+G0@0+3H

20For more information on how to take action on campus and join the Student PIRGs' Make Textbooks Affordable campaign,
see www.studentpirgs.org/take-action.

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21 The search was performed at http://www.amazon.com on July 30-31, 2010.

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22 The list price is typically what campus bookstores charge for "new" textbooks. We used 75% of the list price as the "used"
price, which is the industry's standard markdown. See GAO 2005, page 17

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23 Student PIRGs, 2009

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