Quarter 1 – Module 1:

EARth ANd SPACE

10

This Module is Based on : ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY MODE MODULES OF DEPED

Introductory Message

An Alternative Delivery Mode is designed for the “New Normal” approach in

teaching-learning process. This mode of learning materials helps the students
as well as the teachers the teaching-learning process in a social distancing.

In this module the learners must obtained the objectives of the lessons through
his/her own learning process or he/she can be guided with his/her parents,
elder siblings, any relatives, friends or with his/her guardians

In answering the activities, pre-test and post-test in this module, the learners
should write his/her answer in a separate sheet of paper. The answer sheet
must be compiled in a short folder with corresponding name, grade and section.

This module will be answered for three to four days. One lesson must be
learned and understand. In this module each learners will develop their
comprehension hence, the level of languages used is easy to understand.
Learners should also enhance their reading ability.
In reading and doing the activity in this module learners should learned that
earthquake, volcanic eruption, mountain ranges formation, trench, plate
tectonics are have interconnection with one another.

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here
to help you master the Earth and Space. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook
you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

Lesson 1 – Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake
epicenters and major mountain belts;
Lesson 2 – Infer the relationship of tectonic plates, earthquake
 epicenters and active volcanoes.
Lesson 3 – Relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters,
and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe the distribution of active
volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and
major mountain belts;
2. Enumerate the different geologic processes/events that
occur from the different boundary;
3. Determine the scientific basis for dividing the Lithospheric plates.
4. Relate hot spot with plate tectonic.

What I Know

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write

the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The oceanic crust usually subduct beneath the continental

crust when they collide because it is

A. denser than continental crust

B. thicker than continental crust
C. less dense than continental crust
D. thinner than continental crust

2. In which type of boundary do plates moves away from each other?

A. convergent
B. divergent
C. transform
 D. strike-slip

3. Mountains are formed at

A. convergent
B. divergent
C. transform
D. strike-slip

4. Rift valley are formed at

A. convergent
B. divergent
C. transform
D. strike-slip

5. What is the cause of the volcanoes on Hawaii?

A. convergent plate boundary

B. divergent plate boundary
C. hot spot
D. rift zone

Lesson

1 Earth and Space

The Earth composed of air, water and land. These three composition of Earth
are divided into different layers and materials. The water and air are taken already in
grade 7 and grade
While in grade 9 mostly of the topic are related in space. In this lesson we are
more dealing with the relationship of the layers of the earth, volcanoes, earthquakes,
mountain ranges, and other geological processes.

What’s In

The Earth’s lithosphere are divided into several plates. Due to different
geologic processes/events the earth surface have different types of land and
 water formation, these will cause by the movements of plate. There are three
kinds of movement of plate: convergent plate, divergent plate and transform
plate.

What’s New

Earth and Space Defined

Earth and Space is the interconnection of the land, oceans, atmosphere

and the life of earth itself. It’s include all the cycles such as: water cycles,
carbon cycles, rock cycles, and as well as the different movements on the earth
surface.

Every things happened on our planet can be explained and connected to

earth and space. Observe the different pictures do you think they are connected
with one another? Let’s us find out by reading and doing the activities in this
module.
Source:https://www.google.com/search?
q=picture+of+earthquake&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjCm6PUlYbqAhUKJqYKHYluAoUQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=
picture+of+earthquake&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAg
gAOgQIABAeOgQIABAYOgYIABAKEBg6BQgAELEDUNPvB1jfrQhgo78IaABwAHgAgAHdAYgBmRqSAQY5Lj
E4LjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=qaToXoKjFIrMmAWJ3YmoCA&bih=657&biw=1
366&hl=en#imgrc=0I4qkyAB82godM

What is It

Since you tackled already the three branches of earth and space in
your previous grade level, in this module you will learned more about the
solid part of the earth which is the lithosphere.

Crust and upper mantle is made up of Earth’s lithosphere. Earth

lithosphere is made up of different tectonic plates, that’s move slowly over time.
A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from
each other. Along these boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma
(molten rock) rises from the Earth’s mantle to the surface, solidifying to create
new oceanic crust.
When two plates come together, it is known as a convergent boundary.
The impact of the colliding plates can cause the edges of one or both plates to
buckle up into a mountain ranges or one of the plates may bend down into a
deep seafloor trench. A chain of volcanoes often forms parallel to convergent
plate boundaries and powerful earthquakes are common along these
boundaries.
Two plates sliding past each other forms a transform plate boundary.
Natural or human-made structures that cross a transform boundary are offset
—split into pieces and carried in opposite directions. Rocks that line the
boundary are pulverized as the plates grind along, creating a linear fault valley
or undersea canyon. Earthquakes are common along these faults. In contrast to
convergent and divergent boundaries, crust is cracked and broken at transform
margins, but is not created or destroyed.

What’s More

Places on earth where most of the earthquakes originated or some

mountains and volcanoes were formed mark the boundaries of each lithospheric
plate.

Earthquake epicenters outline the plates. Mid-ocean ridges, trenches, and

large faults mark the edges of the plates, and this is where earthquakes occur
(Figure below).

What I Have Learned

According to the plate tectonics model, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is
broken into numerous segments called plates.
Plate boundary- a theory which suggests that Earth’s crust is made up of
plates that interact in various ways, thus producing earthquakes, mountains,
volcanoes, and other geologic features.
 Each plate is slowly but continuously moving.
 Three types of plate boundaries:
1. Divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from
each other. This types of boundary usually produced earthquakes and
rift valley.
2. Convergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates come together.
The plate which is denser will sink and form a trench and the other
 plate which is less dense will crumple and form a mountain ranges, an
island arc, a volcanoes. It also cause a tremendous earthquakes that
may produce a tsunami if the earthquakes happen under the ocean.
3. Transform plate boundary occurs when two tectonic plates sliding
past each other. This type of boundary usually creating a linear fault
valley or undersea canyon. Earthquakes are also produced along these
faults.

 Hot spot- a concentration of heat in the mantle capable of creating magma

 Subduction- is a geological process that takes place at convergent
boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another.
 Trench a depression in the seafloor
produced by subduction process.
 Volcanic Island arc a chain of volcanoes that develop parallel to a trench.

What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 1
LET’S MATCH
Critical Thinking
Communication
Objectives:

• Describe the distribution of active

volcanoes, earthquake epicenter and
mountain ranges.
• Determine the different scientific basis for dividing the Lithospheric Plates.

Materials:

 Fig. 15 Earth’s lithosphere that divided into majors plates

 Fig. 16 Mountain Ranges of the World
 Fig. 17 Locations of earthquakes

Different colors of Marking Pen ( Red, Blue, Green )

 Source:file:///C:/Users/WIN/Downloads/12%20STEM%205/2nd%20SEM!/BIOLOGY/Volcano,%20Earthquake,Fault.pdf

Fig. 15 Earth’s lithosphere is divided into about 13 majors plates. Where plates collide,
separate, and slip past one another at plate boundaries, interesting geological activity
results.
 Source:file:///C:/Users/WIN/Downloads/12%20STEM%205/2nd%20SEM!/BIOLOGY/Volcano,%20Earthquake,Fault.pdf

Fig. 17 Locations of earthquakes that have accurred between 1990 and 2000 are
plotted above.

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-mountain-range-definition-lesson-quiz.html

Fig. 16 Mountain Ranges of the World

Procedure:

1. Study Figure 15 showing the active volcanoes distribution around the world, Fig. 17
showing the earthquakes distribution and Fig. 16 Mountain Ranges of the World.

2. Using three different colors of marking pen (red, blue and green) Trace the
approximate locations of several active volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain ranges
on one plastic sheets.

3. Observe.

Q1. What have you notice about the three different color of marking pen that trace on
one plastic sheet?
Q2. How are volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain ranges distributed on the map?
Q3. Where are they located?
Q4. Where are there no earthquakes?
Q5. Based on the map, mention a country that is unlikely to experience volcanic
eruption.
Q5. How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the distribution of
earthquake epicenters and volcanoes?
Q6. Can you make a conclusion regarding the location of volcanoes, earthquakes and
mountain ranges.

The Earth’s lithosphere, which includes the crust and upper mantle, is made up of a
series of pieces, or tectonic plates, that move slowly over time.

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/370491506826108033/visual-search/?cropSource=6&h=346&w=544&x=10&y=10
Figure 8. Map showing the relative motion of plates (Arrows indicate the direction
of motion)
Types of Plate Boundaries

Divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other.
This types of boundary usually produced earthquakes and rift valley.

Convergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates come together. The plate
which is denser will sink and form a trench and the other plate which is less dense
will crumple and form a mountain ranges, an island arc, a volcanoes. It also cause a
tremendous earthquakes that may produce a tsunami if the earthquakes happen
under the ocean.

Transform plate boundary occurs when two tectonic plates sliding past each other.
This type of boundary usually creating a linear fault valley or undersea canyon.
Earthquakes are also produced along these faults.

Image Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/13123816/

 ACTIVITY 2
Plate meets Plate!

Objectives:
• Explain the processes involves along convergent boundaries.
• Determine the different geologic process that occur from the colliding of plates.
Procedure:
1. Study Figure 10, Fig.11 and Fig. 12 showing a cross-sectional diagram of
plates that are converging, and answer the questions in the table.

Plate B
Plate A

Source:http://www.geosci.usyd.edu.au/users/prey/ACSGT/EReports/eR.2003/GroupD/Report1/we
b%20pages/assignment_1.html

Figure 10. Cross-sectional diagram of converging continental and oceanic plates

Oceanic Plate A

Oceanic Plate B

Source:http://www.geosci.usyd.edu.au/users/prey/ACSGT/EReports/eR.2003/GroupD/Report1
/web%20pages/ assignment_1.html
 Figure 11. Cross-sectional diagram of converging oceanic plates

Plate B
Plate A

Source:http://www.geosci.usyd.edu.au/users/prey/ACSGT/EReports/eR.2003/GroupD/Report1/web
%20pages/assignment_1.html

Figure 12. Cross-sectional diagram of converging tectonic plates

Table:

Questions Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13

1. What type of plate is
Plate A?
- How about Plate B
2. Describe what
happens to plate A as it
collides with plate B.
- Why it happens?
3. What are the geologic
processes/events that
will occur in this plate
movement?
Source: Grade 10- Science - LM

Additional Information: Examples of Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent is the

Philippine Plate moving under Eurasian Plate created the Philippine Islands.
Philippine and Pacific Plate moving under the Eurasian created Japan.
 Source: https://earthobservatory.sg/files/resources/large/philippines-block_diagram.png

ACTIVITY 3
LET’S SEPARATE
Critical Thinking
Communication

Objectives:
 Explain the processes involves along divergent boundaries.
 Determine the different geologic processes occurs if two plates are moving
apart.

Materials: picture of cracked boiled egg, Fig. 13 Development of a rift valley

Procedure:
1. Study the picture below. Describe what have you observe on the cracked boiled egg
shell.
2. Supposed the egg shell is a crust, do you think the crust can also separate with
each other?
3. Study Fig. 13 Development of a rift valley and answer the guide questions below.
 Source:https://www.bonappetit.com/video/watch/every-way-to-cook-an-egg-59-methods

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/tectonicswebsite/tectonic-processes
Figure 13. Development of a rift valley

Guide Questions:
1.In what direction the two plates move?

2.What makes the two plate to move away from each other?

3.Slowly what happen at the middle of the two separating plates?

4.What geologic features form in this movement?

5.If this event continues for millions of years, what do you think will be the effect on

the crust?
 Activity 4
Strike, Slip, Slide

Critical thinking
Communication

Objective:
determine the effect of transform-fault boundary on the Earth’s crust.
Materials: images of transform boundary
Procedure:
1. Study the images below and answer the guide questions.

Source:https://www.ck12.org/assessment/tools/geometrytool/plix.html?
eId=SCI.ESC.266&questionId=577d46ff9616aa26e7e6705e&artifactID=2776348&plix_redirect=
1

Guide Questions:

1. How will you describe the movement of the two plates?

2. What geologic event accompanied by the transform boundary?

3. How can transform faults cause destruction even after the earthquake is over?
 Activity 5
It’s Hot, Hot, “Hot Spot”

Critical thinking
Communication

Objective:
Relate hot spot with plate tectonics
Materials: Images of Hot Spot
Procedure:
1. Study the images below, analyze and answer the guide questions below.

2
 3

Guide Questions:

1. What is the first volcano formed?

2. What is the second volcano formed?

3. What is the recent/last volcano formed?

4. Which among the volcano is the oldest? youngest?

5. Why it happens that there’s a series of volcano or chain of volcano in on place?

6. What do you call this place where the chain of volcanoes are formed
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which plate boundary is formed between the Philippine

plate and the Eurasian plate?
A. convergent C. divergent
B. reverse fault D. transform fault
2. In which type of boundary do plates moves away from each other?
A. convergent C. transform
B. divergent D. strike-slip
For questions 3-4, refer to the diagram. Choose the letter
of the correct answer.

3. Which is the convergent boundary?

4. Which is the divergent boundary?
5. Refer to the picture below. Which of the following islands is the oldest?
A. Hawaii C. Molokai
B. Maui D. Kauai
 Additional Activities

Open Discussion:

One of the famous transform fault is the San Andres Fault found in
California. This fault has a lots of recorded destructive earthquake. One of this
days this fault is predicted to produce another tremendous and dangerous
earthquake that can be called “The Big One”.

Why this fault is so destructive and dangerous? How will you prepare for
this kind of earthquake?