Lesson 23 - ㅎ Irregular - Korean Colors, 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다

8/13/2020 Lesson 23: ㅎ Irregular: Korean Colors, 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다
Vocabulary
Click on the English word to see information and examples of that word in use (you probably won’t be
able to understand the grammar within the sentences at this point, but it is good to see as you
progress through your learning).
A PDF file neatly presenting these words and extra information can be found here.
You can try to find all of the words from this lesson, and all of the words from every lesson in Unit 1 in
a package of twenty five Word Searches.
Nouns:
PLAY 초록색 = (the color) green
PLAY 보라색 = (the color) purple
PLAY 연두색 = (the color) light green
PLAY 분홍색 = (the color) pink
PLAY 갈색 = (the color) brown
PLAY 회색 = (the color) grey
PLAY 적색 = (the color) red
PLAY 셔츠 = shirt
PLAY 눈 = snow
PLAY 눈보라 = blizzard, snow storm
PLAY 뉴스 = news
PLAY 전쟁 = war
PLAY 작품 = a piece of work
PLAY 날짜 = date
PLAY 그릇 = bowl
https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-23/ 1/16
PLAY 등 = one's back
PLAY 손등 = back of hand
PLAY 손톱 = fingernail
PLAY 독자 = readers
PLAY 부부 = couple, married couple
Verbs:
CONJUGATE PLAY 변경하다 = to change
CONJUGATE PLAY 들르다 = to stop by
CONJUGATE PLAY 내려오다 = to come down
CONJUGATE PLAY 내려가다 = to go down
CONJUGATE PLAY 드러내다 = to reveal, to show
CONJUGATE PLAY 발표하다 = to announce
Passive Verbs:
CONJUGATE PLAY 드러나다 = to be revealed, to be shown
Adjectives:
CONJUGATE PLAY 푸르다 = to be sea blue
CONJUGATE PLAY 노랗다 = to be yellow
CONJUGATE PLAY 빨갛다 = to be red
CONJUGATE PLAY 하얗다 = to be white
CONJUGATE PLAY 까맣다 = to be black
CONJUGATE PLAY 파랗다 = to be blue
CONJUGATE PLAY 섬세하다 = to be delicate
CONJUGATE PLAY 이렇다 = to be like this

CONJUGATE PLAY 그렇다 = to be like that
CONJUGATE PLAY 저렇다 = to be like that
Adverbs and Other Words:

PLAY 대부분 = most
PLAY 송이 = counter for “bunch” of bananas or single flower
PLAY 종류 = counter for a “type/kind of thing”
PLAY 가지 = counter for a “type of thing”
For help memorizing these words, try using our Memrise tool.
Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn how to use colors in Korean by applying the ㅎ irregular. In addition, you
will learn about the words 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 and how the ㅎ irregular can be applied to those
words. Let’s get started.
Korean Irregular: ㅎ
Korean Colors
You learned all about the Korean irregulars in Lesson 7. On top of all of those irregulars, there is one
more that you should be aware of.
The reason I didn’t include this irregular in Lesson 7 is because it is an irregular irregular. Usually, if the
last consonant of a word stem ends in ㅎ, the word is not conjugated in any special way. For example:
좋다 = 좋아
많다 = 많아
However, a lot of colors in Korean end with the final syllable ㅎ (see the vocabulary list for a good list
of these). When conjugating these words (which are adjectives) to allow them to describe an
upcoming noun, we can add ~ㄴ/은, just like it is done with other adjectives. However, in some words
(mostly colors) the ㅎ gets dropped and ㄴ gets added directly to the word stem. For example:
Word Word + ~ Word + Translation

ㄴ/은 noun
PLAY 노랗 노란 노란 공 Yellow ball

다 = yellow
PLAY 빨갛 빨간 빨간 공 Red ball

다 = red
PLAY 하얗 하얀 하얀 공 White ball

다 = white
PLAY 까맣 까만 까만 공 Black ball

다 = black
PLAY 파랗 파란 파란 공 Blue ball

다 = blue
You can use those color words to describe objects in sentences where appropriate. For example:
PLAY 저 노란 집이 예뻐요 = That yellow house is pretty

PLAY 빨간 사과는 가장 맛있어요 = Red apples are the most delicious
PLAY 그녀는 빨간 셔츠를 입고 있다 = She is wearing a red shirt
PLAY 나는 하얀 차를 사고 싶어 = I want to buy a white car
PLAY 저는 보통 까만 양복을 입어요 = I usually wear black suits
PLAY 파란 불이 제일 뜨거워요 = The blue flame is the hottest
If you want to use these words as nouns (as in, “the color white” or “the color red”), you can add
“색” after the adjective form of the color (색 means ‘color’):
노란색 = the color yellow

빨간색 = the color red
하얀색 = the color white
까만색 = the color black
파란색 = the color blue
Though these words are nouns, they are often placed before another noun to describe it. For example
PLAY 저 노란색 집이 예뻐요 = That yellow (colored) house is pretty

PLAY 그녀는 빨간색 셔츠를 입고 있어요 = She is wearing a red (colored) shirt
PLAY 나는 하얀색 차를 사고 싶어 = I want to buy a white (colored) car
PLAY 저는 보통 까만색 양복을 입어요 = I usually wear black (colored) suits
PLAY 파란색 불이 제일 뜨거워요 = The blue (colored) flame is the hottest
Here, each of these “color” nouns is describing an upcoming noun without being an adjective.
This is a good time to teach you about another usage of the particle “~의”. “~의” can be attached to
words that commonly describe nouns (like adjectives) but are inherently not adjectives. What I mean
by this, is that you will often find words that are always (or very commonly) placed before nouns to
describe them, but are technically classified as adverbs or nouns (and hence, don’t end with “~다” like
a typical adjective). It is acceptable to attach the particle “~의” to these adjective-like adverbs or nouns
when they describe an upcoming noun. The meaning is the same when using “~의” or not using it, but
in speech it is more common to not use it.
For example, all of the above could be written as:
저 노란색의 집이 예뻐요 = That yellow (colored) house is pretty

그녀는 빨간색의 셔츠를 입고 있다 = She is wearing a red (colored) shirt
나는 하얀색의 차를 사고 싶어 = I want to buy a white (colored) car
저는 보통 까만색의 양복을 입어요 = I usually wear black (colored) suits
파란색의 불이 제일 뜨거워요 = The blue (colored) flame is the hottest
Although acceptable and understandable, it would be slightly more natural to not use ~의 with these
color words. Therefore, I didn’t make audio recordings for the sentences above using ~의. In other
situations with other (non-color) words, you will more commonly see ~의 attached to a noun or
adverb being used to describe a noun.
For example, a common word that ~의 is attached to is “대부분,” which translates to “most.” Just like
in English 대부분 is usually placed immediately before a noun to say “most (noun).” For example:
대부분 사람들… = Most people…

대부분 부부들… = Most couples…
대부분 독자들… = Most readers…
In each case, it is also possible to attach ~의. For example:
대부분의 사람들… = Most people…

대부분의 부부들… = Most couples…
대부분의 독자들… = Most readers…
These constructions can now be used in sentences where appropriate. For example:
PLAY 대부분의 사람들은 아침밥을 먹지 않아요 = Most people don’t eat breakfast (rice breakfast)
PLAY 대부분 사람들은 아침밥을 먹지 않아요 = Most people don’t eat breakfast (rice breakfast)
PLAY 대부분의 부부들은 같은 침대에서 자요 = Most couples sleep in the same bed
PLAY 대부분 부부들은 같은 침대에서 자요 = Most couples sleep in the same bed
PLAY 대부분의 독자들은 그 작품을 안 좋아해요 = Most readers don’t like that work
PLAY 대부분 독자들은 그 작품을 안 좋아해요 = Most readers don’t like that work
Using ~의 here is in effect the same reason why we can attach ~의 to counters when placed before a
noun (as you learned in Lesson 10). To jog your memory, in that lesson I said it was acceptable to place
a counter before a noun you are counting followed by the use of “~의.”
For example:
PLAY 나는 네 개의 펜을 샀어 = I bought four pens

PLAY 나는 두 개의 햄버거를 먹었어 = I ate two hamburgers
PLAY 나는 어제 다섯 명의 친구를 만났어 = I met five friends yesterday
The number-counter pairs in the above sentences are effectively describing the upcoming noun. Of
course, the number-counter pairs are not adjectives, so ~의 can be used.
I dig deeper into the use of “의” and specifically how it relates to “적” (which was introduced in Lesson
16) later in the lesson. I want you to be aware of this usage of ~의 and how it can be attached to
adverbs and nouns when describing an upcoming noun. However, the main purpose of this lesson is
to talk about color words and the ㅎ irregular, so I will continue with that now.
Often, the most common way to describe a color is to use a word that only exists as a noun and does
not have an adjective form. For example, look at the following:
초록색 = (the color) green

연두색 = (the color) light green
보라색 = (the color) purple
분홍색 = (the color) pink
갈색 = (the color) brown
회색 = (the color) grey
The above are all color words, but they do not have a respective adjective form (like 빨갛다 and 빨간
색). In order to use these words to describe the color of something, they can be placed immediately
before a noun (naturally) without ~의 and (slightly unnaturally) with 의 just as described earlier. For
example:
PLAY 저는 초록색(의) 펜으로 쓰고 싶어요 = I want to write this with a green pen
PLAY 연두색(의) 바지를 샀어요 = I bought green pants
PLAY 대부분(의) 여자들은 분홍색(의) 가방을 골랐어요 = Most girls chose the pink bag
PLAY 남자 친구가 보라색(의) 꽃 한 송이를 샀어요 = My boyfriend bought one purple flower
When adding “~아/어” (or any of its derivatives) to color words where the stem ends in ‘ㅎ,’ an
irregular conjugation applies. For now, the only situation you know where you would add ~아/어 (or a
derivative like ~았/었) is when conjugating using the honorifics introduced in Lesson 6. Note that
there are other times when you would have to add ~아/어 to words, you just haven’t learned about
them yet.
When adding ~아/어 to these words, the ㅎ is dropped and the final vowel changes to either ㅐ or ㅒ.
If the final vowel is ㅏ or ㅓ, it changes to ㅐ, and if the final vowel is ㅑ, it changes to ㅒ. For example:
Word Word + ~아/어 Word + ~았/었어
PLAY 노랗다 노래 노랬어
PLAY 빨갛다 빨개 빨갰어
PLAY 하얗다 하얘 하얬어
PLAY 까맣다 까매 까맸어
PLAY 파랗다 파래 파랬어
Here are some of these used in sentences:
PLAY 불이 노래요 = The light is yellow

PLAY 얼굴이 왜 빨개요? = Why is your face red?
PLAY 유럽 사람의 피부는 하얘요 = European people’s skin is white
PLAY 그 여자의 머리가 까매요 = That girl’s hair is black
PLAY 저 남자의 눈이 진짜 파래요 = That man’s eyes are really blue
In each case, it would also be acceptable to use the noun form of each of the words above and
conjugate the sentence with 이다. For example:
PLAY 불이 노란색이에요 = The light is (the color) yellow

PLAY 얼굴이 왜 빨간색이에요? = Why is your face (the color) red
PLAY 유럽 사람의 피부는 하얀색이에요 = European people’s skin is (the color white)
PLAY 그 여자의 머리가 까만색이에요 = That girl’s hair is (the color) black
PLAY 저 남자의 눈이 진짜 파란색이에요 = That man’s eyes are really (the color) blue
A more advanced Korean speaker (or a Korean person) could argue that the two sets of sentences are not
completely identical. Their meanings and translations could be exactly the same, but they could have a
slightly different nuance. For example, “얼굴이 왜 빨개요?” would be more about a face being red as a
result of it blushing, whereas “얼굴이 왜 빨간색이에요?” would be more about a face that is actually red
from something like paint. This nuance is very subtle and not something you need to worry about as a
beginner. Even as an advanced learner, I find it very hard to articulate this difference into words. In a
way, I find the difference between the two similar to “why is your face red?” and “why is your face the
color red?”
————–
So far, you have seen how ~ㄴ/은 and ~아/어 cause the ㅎ irregulars to change. Since the beginning
of this course, you have also learned the following additions that could potentially cause a change to a
word stem:
~ㅂ/습니다 (Lesson 6)
~ㄹ/을 (Lesson 9)
~니 and ~나 (Lesson 21)
To this point, you have seen how these additions can cause changes to the irregulars introduced in
Lesson 7. Because this is your first time learning about the ㅎ irregular, we should quickly discuss the
changes that occur as a result of adding these to ㅎ irregular words:
Adding ~ㅂ/습니다 does not cause a change to ㅎ irregular words. ~습니다 is added directly to
the stem. For example:
노랗다 + ~ㅂ/습니다 = 노랗습니다
Adding ~ㄹ/을 causes a change to ㅎ irregular words. The ㅎ is removed, and ~ㄹ is added to
the stem. For this addition, the ㅎ irregular and ㄹ irregular follow the same rule. For example:
살다 + ~ㄹ/을 = 살
노랗다 + ~ㄹ/을 = 노랄
Adding ~니 causes a change to ㅎ irregular words. The ㅎ is removed, and ~니 is added after the
stem. For this addition, the ㅎ irregular and ㄹ irregular follow the same rule. For example:
살다 + ~니 = 사니
노랗다 + ~니 = 노라니
The table below shows all of the additions you have learned so far that can cause a change to a word
stem. This table shows how these additions affect various words, including words that follow the ㅎ
irregular. Examples where irregulars apply are in bold.
Word +~ ~ㅂ/ ~ ~ ~
(translation ㄴ/ 습니 아/ ㄹ/ 니
은 다 어 을
짓다 (to 지 짓습 지 지 짓
build) 은 니다 어 을 니
걷다 (to 걸 걷습 걸 걸 걷
walk) 은 니다 어 을 니
쉽다 (to be 쉬 쉽습 쉬 쉬 쉽
easy) 운 니다 워 울 니
돕다 (to 도 돕습 도 도 돕
help) 운 니다 와 울 니
잠그다 (to 잠 잠급 잠 잠 잠
lock) 근 니다 가 글 그
니
다르다 (to 다 다릅 달 다 다
be different) 른 니다 라 를 르
니
살다 (to live) 산 삽니 살 살 사
다 아 니
노랗다 (to 노 노랗 노 노 노
be yellow) 란 습니 래 랄 라
다 니
You will learn more additions in later lessons. In those lessons, you will learn how each addition affects
each irregular – including the ㅎ irregular.
————–
The words 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 are not colors, but they also follow the ㅎ irregular. I will talk
about those in the section below.
이렇다/그렇다/저렇다
이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 are all adjectives. Each word is essentially the same – the only difference
being the difference between 이, 그 and 저. Remember the difference between these?
이 means “this”
그 means “that” when you are referring to something in a previous sentence. For example: “I went to
Canada last week. At that time I forgot about my test that I had to write.”
저 means “that” when something is far from you.
이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 are very important and common in Korean, so let’s look at them one by
one.
이렇다
이렇다 means “like this,” but (along with 그렇다 and 저렇다) is rarely used in its dictionary form. It is
generally used in two ways: as an adjective and as an adverb:
As an Adjective: 이런
By adding ~ㄴ/은 to the stem of 이렇다 we get 이런, which means “this sort of/this kind of/this type
of.” For example:
PLAY 이런 일은 위험하다 = This type of work is dangerous

PLAY 이런 차는 너무 커요 = This type of car is too big
As an Adverb: 이렇게
By adding ~게 to the stem of 이렇다 we get 이렇게, which means “like this.”
PLAY 저는 이렇게 하고 싶어요 = I want to do it like this

PLAY 왜 이렇게 일찍 가요? = Why are you going so early (like this)?
PLAY 이 일은 왜 이렇게 어려워요? = Why is this so hard (like this)?
You’ll notice that in the last two examples, the words “like this” in English don’t necessarily need to be
in the sentence. It is hard to fully explain in words, as this is something that you really just pick up after
a while when learning Korean. When Korean people ask a “why” question, they often stress “why” by
using 이렇게.
*Also notice the usage of “일” in the sentence above. Although the best translation of the word “일” is
“work” (in noun form), it is very common for Korean people to use “일” to represent some sort of task
or thing that somebody has to do (regardless of if we would call it “work” in English). I am reluctant to
show you the most common example of this being used because you haven’t learned the grammar
within it yet. Nonetheless, you will often see “저는 할 일이 있어요” which translates to “I have
something to do.” As of now, you haven’t learned how “할” is being used, but try to focus on the
usage of “일” in this sentence. The sentence is essentially saying “I have a task that I will do.” The
sentence above could also be written as “이것은 왜 이렇게 어려워요.”
그렇다
Now that you know about 이렇다, learning about 그렇다 is simple. Like 이렇다, 그렇다 is usually used
as an adjective or an adverb:
As an Adjective: 그런
By adding ~ㄴ/은 to the stem of 그렇다 we get 그런, which means “that sort of/that kind of/that type
of.” For example:
PLAY 저는 그런 사람을 믿지 않아요 = I don’t trust that type of person/those types of people
PLAY 저는 그런 것을 좋아하지 않아요 = I don’t like that type of thing
As an Adverb: 그렇게
By adding ~게 to the stem of 그렇다 we get 그렇게, which means “like that.”
PLAY 저는 그렇게 생각하지 않아요 = I don’t think like that

PLAY 저는 그렇게 운동하고 싶어요 = I want to exercise like that
저렇다
저렇다 can be used the same way as 이렇다 and 그렇다; as 저런 and 저렇게. All you need to do is to
keep in mind the differences between 이, 그 and 저.
As an adjective: 저런
PLAY 저는 저런 여자를 좋아하지 않아요 = I don’t like that kind of girl
PLAY 저는 저런 차를 사고 싶어요 = I want to buy that type of car
As an adverb: 저렇게
PLAY 아빠는 왜 저렇게 말하고 있어요? = Why is dad talking like that?
PLAY 저 사람이 왜 저렇게 걸어요? = Why is that person walking like that?
Just like our color words presented earlier in this lesson, when ~아/어 (or a derivative) is added to 이렇
다, 그렇다 or 저렇다, an irregular conjugation occurs. Let’s look at this next.
이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 As Predicating Words
이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can also be used as the predicating word (i.e. the end) of a sentence. These
are usually only seen in relatively simple sentences asking or indicating if something is “like this/like
that.” For example:
PLAY 이 학교도 그렇지 않습니까? = Is this school not like that as well?
PLAY 네, 그렇습니다 = Yes, that is correct (that is the way it is)
The most common way that you will see any of these words being used, especially for a beginner, is in
the following form:
PLAY 왜 이래?
PLAY 왜 그래?
PLAY 왜 저래?
Notice that the sameㅎ irregular applies to the words above. That is, when adding ~아/어 (or one of its
derivatives), the ㅎ is dropped and the ㅓ changes to ㅐ.
In each case, the speaker is asking “Why are you like this/that?” This is very common in Korean
conversation, as it essentially is like saying “what’s wrong?” or “what’s the matter” or “what the **** are
you doing?”
그렇다 specifically is also commonly used by people to express their content/agreement with some
sort of statement or situation. For example:
Person 1: PLAY 내일 공원에 같이 가고 싶어요? = Do you want to go to the park together tomorrow?
Person 2: PLAY 그래요. 같이 가요 = Sure (like that is fine). Let’s go together.
Person 1: PLAY 제가 지금 갈 거예요 = I’m going to go now

Person 2: PLAY 그래요! = Sure (like that is fine)
Person 1: PLAY 저는 내일 회사에 못 와요 = Tomorrow, I can’t come to work

Person 2: PLAY 그래요! 월요일에 봐요! = Sure (like that is fine). See you on Monday!
In this same respect, it is often used as a question to express one’s “disbelief” or “shock.” In reality, the
speaker isn’t actually “shocked” or “in disbelief” but is merely showing his/her interest in the
conversation. This would be akin to using the word “Really?!” in English. For example:
Person 1: PLAY 저는 지난 주에 캐나다에 있었어요 = I was in Canada last week

Person 2: PLAY 그래요? 어디에 갔어요? = Really!? (It’s like that?) Where did you go?
Person 1: PLAY 나는 보통 고기를 안 먹어 = I usually don’t eat meat

Person 2: PLAY 그래? 왜 안 먹어? = Really? (It’s like that?) Why don’t you eat it?
Person 1: PLAY 이 물이 맛이 없어 = This water doesn’t taste good

Person 2: PLAY 그래? = Really? (It’s like that?)
Many other grammatical principles can be added to 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 but these haven’t been
introduced yet.
Specifically, you will find that many grammatical principles can attach to 그렇다 to have their
respective meaning combined with the meaning of 그렇다. These will all be introduced in future
lessons (where the grammatical principle is introduced), but here is a quick taste of what I am referring
to. I suggest browsing through this list just to get an idea of:
a) How versatile 그렇다 is

b) The general meaning of 그렇다
c) How this meaning can be applied to many, many other grammatical principles.
This list is by no means exhaustive, but rather a small taste of some of the concepts that you will be
learning in the next 100 lessons or so.
그렇다 + ㅁ/음 (Introduced in Lesson 29)

그럼 = “Yes, like that.”
그렇다 + ~ㄴ/은지 (Introduced in Lesson 30)

왜 그런지 몰라요 = “I don’t know why it is like that”
그렇다 + ~ㄹ/을 것 같다 (Introduced in Lesson 35)

그럴 것 같아요 = “It is probably like that”
그렇다 + ~아/어서 (Introduced Lesson 37)

그래서 = “It is like that, so…” (Therefore)
그렇다 + ~기 때문에 (Introduced in Lesson 38)

그렇기 때문에 = “It is like that, so…” (Therefore)
그렇다 + ~(으)면 (Introduced in Lesson 43)

그러면 = “If it is like that…”
그렇다 + ~지만 (Introduced in Lesson 47)

그렇지만 = “Even though it is like that”
그렇다 + ~았/었으면 좋겠다 (Introduced in Lesson 61)

그랬으면 좋겠다 = “It would be nice if it is like that”
그렇다 + ~ㄹ/을까? (Introduced in Lesson 63)

그럴까? = “Do you think it is like that?”
그렇다 + ~ㄴ/은데 (Introduced in Lesson 76 and 77)

그런데 = “It is like that… so…”
그렇다 + ~구나 (Introduced in Lesson 82)

그렇구나 = “Oh! It is like that”
그렇다 + ~네(요) (Introduced in Lesson 83)

그러네 = “Oh! It is like that”
그렇다 + ~지/죠 (Introduced in Lesson 93)

그렇죠 = Sure, yep, it is like that
At this point, I hope you can understand how 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can be used, and their
general meanings. In addition, I hope you can understand how color words can be used in sentences.
Just below, I will continue the discussion of the use of ~의 and how it is used on words where ~적 is
commonly attached.
I have had some people ask me about the difference between using “의” on a word to describe a noun
(like 흰색의 차) and using “적” on a word to describe a noun. The grammar below is a little bit
advanced, but this is the lesson that it belongs in (as I am already discussing the purpose of “~의”
attached to nouns or adverbs to describe an upcoming noun). It might be good to glimpse over this,
and then come back to it later when you have a better understanding of Korean grammar.
As you will recall from Lesson 16, “적” can be added to words to change them into a type of adjective
as well. As I mentioned in Lesson 16, the addition of “적” to a noun causes the word to change a little
bit. It’s hard to say exactly how the word changes, because it is a little bit different for every word. The
examples that are given in the lesson are:
경제 = economy/economics
경제적 = economical
역사 = history
역사적 = historical
과학 = science
과학적 = scientific
충동 = impulse/shock
충동적 = impulsive
문화 = culture
문화적 = cultural
개인 = individual/personal
개인적 = individual
Some other examples that you might want to jot down, but not memorize at this point because they
are quite advanced:
열정 = passion
열정적 = passionate
체계 = system
체계적 = systematic
획일 = standardization
획일적 = standardized
세계 = world
세계적 = global
Before I start, I want to first mention that the “의” that we are talking about here is not the possessive
particle that is discussed in Lesson 3. Rather, it is a particle that is added to a word that is inherently
not an adjective, but allows it to describe an upcoming noun (like an adjective).
Most of the time, adding “적” literally changes the translation of the word. As you can see in the list
above, the word changes when “적” is added. For example, from “passion” to “passionate”. However,
when just “의” is added to the word, the translation would not change – and using “noun+의” only
makes sense if that word (the original word) can actually act as an adjective (without being an
adjective) to begin with.
The easiest examples to start with are ones that work with “적” but not with “의”. For example:
열정 means “passion.” I can say things like:

과학에 대한 학생의 열정은 놀라워요 = The student’s passion for science is surprising
“적” can be added to mean “passionate”. For example:

그는 열정적인 사람이다 = He is a passionate man
However, simply adding “의” to the noun (열정) does not change it from “passion” to “passionate”. The
meaning still stays as “passion”. Using this in a sentence would yield:
그는 열정의 사람이다 = He is a passion man – which doesn’t make sense
In the same way “과학” means “science”

과학적 means “scientific”
과학의 still means “science”
I can use “과학적” to describe a noun that would be natural being described by “scientific”. For
example:
과학적인 증거 = scientific proof
However, “과학의 증거” literally translates to “science proof” which wouldn’t sound right.
Now, just like everything in life, there are some exceptions. Specifically, the word “개인” (without the
use of “적” or “의” actually means personal. Therefore, just like how the word “대부분(의)” (most) isn’t
actually an adjective but feels like an adjective, “개인의” can be placed before a noun to describe it.
“개인적” also works, as it also means “personal.”
My advice is to learn words with “적” as separate words. Don’t try to think of words with “적” as a noun
followed by a grammatical principle, but try to think of them as their own words with their own
translation. From what I can see – there are some words where the “-적” version of the word is the
same as the non-적 version of the word. In these cases, it appears that both “의” and “적” can be used.

Lesson 23 - ㅎ Irregular - Korean Colors, 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다

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Lesson 23 - ㅎ Irregular - Korean Colors, 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다

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8/13/2020 Lesson 23: ㅎ Irregular: Korean Colors, 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다

PLAY 보라색 = (the color) purple

PLAY 연두색 = (the color) light green

PLAY 분홍색 = (the color) pink

PLAY 갈색 = (the color) brown

PLAY 회색 = (the color) grey

PLAY 적색 = (the color) red

PLAY 눈보라 = blizzard, snow storm

PLAY 작품 = a piece of work

PLAY 등 = one's back

PLAY 손등 = back of hand

PLAY 부부 = couple, married couple

CONJUGATE PLAY 들르다 = to stop by

CONJUGATE PLAY 내려오다 = to come down

CONJUGATE PLAY 내려가다 = to go down

CONJUGATE PLAY 드러내다 = to reveal, to show

CONJUGATE PLAY 발표하다 = to announce

CONJUGATE PLAY 노랗다 = to be yellow

CONJUGATE PLAY 빨갛다 = to be red

CONJUGATE PLAY 하얗다 = to be white

CONJUGATE PLAY 까맣다 = to be black

CONJUGATE PLAY 파랗다 = to be blue

CONJUGATE PLAY 섬세하다 = to be delicate

CONJUGATE PLAY 이렇다 = to be like this

CONJUGATE PLAY 그렇다 = to be like that

CONJUGATE PLAY 저렇다 = to be like that

Adverbs and Other Words:

PLAY 송이 = counter for “bunch” of bananas or single flower

PLAY 종류 = counter for a “type/kind of thing”

PLAY 가지 = counter for a “type of thing”

For help memorizing these words, try using our Memrise tool.

Word Word + ~ Word + Translation

PLAY 노랗 노란 노란 공 Yellow ball

PLAY 빨갛 빨간 빨간 공 Red ball

PLAY 하얗 하얀 하얀 공 White ball

PLAY 까맣 까만 까만 공 Black ball

PLAY 파랗 파란 파란 공 Blue ball

PLAY 저 노란 집이 예뻐요 = That yellow house is pretty

노란색 = the color yellow

PLAY 저 노란색 집이 예뻐요 = That yellow (colored) house is pretty

For example, all of the above could be written as:

저 노란색의 집이 예뻐요 = That yellow (colored) house is pretty

대부분 사람들… = Most people…

In each case, it is also possible to attach ~의. For example:

대부분의 사람들… = Most people…

PLAY 나는 네 개의 펜을 샀어 = I bought four pens

초록색 = (the color) green

Word Word + ~아/어 Word + ~았/었어

PLAY 노랗다 노래 노랬어

PLAY 빨갛다 빨개 빨갰어

PLAY 하얗다 하얘 하얬어

PLAY 까맣다 까매 까맸어

PLAY 파랗다 파래 파랬어

Here are some of these used in sentences:

PLAY 불이 노래요 = The light is yellow

PLAY 불이 노란색이에요 = The light is (the color) yellow

노랗다 + ~ㅂ/습니다 = 노랗습니다

저 means “that” when something is far from you.

PLAY 이런 일은 위험하다 = This type of work is dangerous

PLAY 저는 이렇게 하고 싶어요 = I want to do it like this

PLAY 저는 그렇게 생각하지 않아요 = I don’t think like that

이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 As Predicating Words

Person 1: PLAY 제가 지금 갈 거예요 = I’m going to go now