ELC550 – Practice 1 for WEEK 5

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Read the following article and answer the questions that follow

I Human trafficking involves the illegal transportation of people from one country to
another, typically for the purposes of forced labour or commercial sexual exploitation.
According to the Polaris Project (2016), one of many international organisations
working to end this form of modern slavery, human trafficking is the third largest
criminal industry in the world after arms and drug dealing. It is, however. the fastest
growing criminal activity as some 27 million people around the world are estimated
to be victims of slavery with approximately 50 per cent of these victims being under
the age of 18. There are a number of inter-related factors that contribute to human
trafficking. However, taking the right steps can greatly help in overcoming the
problem.

II Many studies indicate that poverty is a major factor that contributes to human
trafficking (Morris & Blair 2016; Thompson, 2015; Combs, Byrne & Jones 2014).
Traffickers often look for poor people who are susceptible to coercion into the human
trafficking industry. These people usually tend to be migrants, fleeing their homes
either because of economic hardship or natural disasters.

III According to a report by Equality Now (2015), the devaluation of women and children
in some societies makes them far more vulnerable to trafficking than men. The report
reveals that traditional attitudes and practices, early marriage and lack of birth
registration increase the susceptibility of women and children to human trafficking.
Annually, 20.9 million women and children worldwide are bought and sold into
commercial sexual servitude, forced labour and bonded labour (Grant & Riggs, 2015).

IV The demand for cheap labour abroad, particularly in the service industry such as
restaurants and kitchens, is yet another reason for human trafficking (Wright, 2016).
Often, migrant workers are initially promised a safe work space and a steady salary,
only to later find that they are paid less than the minimum wage and have to work
long hours. Business owners guilty of this behaviour continue to practise these illegal
acts because victims of trafficking can rarely protect themselves.

V According to Johns and Merlin (2015), political instability or civil unrest results in an
 increase in human trafficking as well. They explain that these situations often lead to
massive displacement of people, thus increasing their vulnerability to unfair treatment
and abuse via trafficking and forced labour. For example, there are a large numbers
of starving orphans and street children who are especially vulnerable to trafficking as
their families have either passed away or are fighting a war.

VI In order to prevent human trafficking, anti-trafficking strategies have to be embedded

in every policy area (Carlton, 2016). Among others, improving female education helps
girls to be less vulnerable to trafficking (Brent, 2014). Increasing the salary of police
personnel reduces susceptibility to bribery (Nila & Melari, 2015). It is only through the
concerted efforts of governments, non-governmental organisations, and above all,
communities, can we hope to end the horror of human trafficking.

Retrieved from http://www.globetodaymagazine.net.Rodman, K. (2017).

Globe Today, 7 (11), pgs106-109.

QUESTION 1
Write the APA style reference for the article above (Use APA 7th edition for this exercise)

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QUESTION 2
In one sentence, write the overview or thesis statement of the article above (hint: Question
7)

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QUESTION 3
What type of article is presented above?

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QUESTION 4
Identify the 5 main points of this article

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

QUESTION 5
Paraphrase each main point above AND include in-text citations

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

QUESTION 6
Give 5 critical responses to this article. Write in complete sentences.

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

QUESTION 7
Based on the given article, write an annotated bibliography of about 300 words on the reasons
that contribute to human trafficking and how to overcome the problem. You are advised
to paraphrase and summarise the information critically.