King Faisal university

College of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department

Experiment (1)
Chemical Engineering lab II

Name ID
Ahmad Al-Homam 213118206
Abdullah Al-Muhainy 213119600
Abdullah Al-Taher 213108165
Ali Al-Taher 213108166
Mohammed Al-Sefi 213122015

1
Procedure:
1/ There were two solutions that we have prepared

a) We prepared ethyl acetate by dissolved in water, each 1 L of water we added for it

9.8 ml of ethyl acetate.
b) We prepared NaOH by dissolved in water, each 4 L of water we added 16 g of
NaOH .
2/ we started with the reactor:
a) We checked the reactor before we switch it on.
b) We switched on the reactor until speed of 7.
c) We switched the pumps to the maximum speed and the mixer.
d) We fixed the temperature to 300c
e) We recorded the time and conductivity
f) We switched the mixer off.
g) We recorded the time and conductivity without mixer (without stirring).

2
Results :
Table 1: flow rates, concentrations and conductivities calculations

Fa (L/min) 0.050165
Fb (L/min) 0.04653
a0 (M) 0.051879621
b0 (M) 0.048120379
ƛc∞
(mS/cm) 4.243745805
ƛa0 (mS/cm) 11.81974454
ƛ∞ (mS/cm) 4.243745805

a∞ (M) 0.003759243

Table 2: Results with starring

K
t Conductivity Conversion (mol/L*mi
C1 (M) a1 (M)
(min) (mS/cm) % n)

0.031873 1.904193
0 8.67
4
0.02299148 0.028888 2.663987
1 8.2 44.32%
7 1
0.02521457 3.429029
2 7.85 0.026665 48.60%
8
0.025077 4.121202
3 7.6 0.0268025 51.66%
1
0.023870 4.753252
4 7.41 0.02800932 53.99%
3
0.023044 5.250334
5 7.28 0.02883504 55.58%
6
0.02947020 0.022409 5.674483
6 7.18 56.80%
9 4
0.02972427 0.022155 5.855423
7 7.14 57.29%
6 3
0.022028 5.948466
8 7.12 0.02985131 57.54%
3
0.02997834 0.021901 6.04328
9 7.1 57.78%
4 3
10 7.09 0.03004186 0.021837 57.91% 6.091365

3
 1 8
0.03010537 0.021774 6.139909
11 7.08 58.03%
7 2
0.03016889 0.021710 6.188917
12 7.07 58.15%
4 7
0.03023241 0.021647 6.238396
13 7.06 58.27%
1 2
0.03029592 0.021583 6.288351
14 7.05 58.40%
8 7
0.03035944 0.021520 6.338787
15 7.04 58.52%
5 2
0.03035944 0.021520 6.338787
16 7.04 58.52%
5 2
0.03035944 0.021520 6.338787
17 7.04 58.52%
5 2

Table 3: Results without starring

K
Conductivit Conversio (mol/L*min
t (min) C1 (M) a1 (M)
y (mS/cm) n% )

0.02806 2.924454
1 8.07 0.023817207 45.91%
2
0.02634 3.556429
2 7.8 0.025532162 49.21%
7
0.02996 2.359211
3 8.37 0.0219117 42.24%
8
0.03816 0.910841
4 9.66 0.013718023 26.44%
2
0.04667 0.231123
5 11 0.005206761 10.04%
3
- 0.05842 -0.18538
6 12.85 -12.61%
0.006543861 3
- 0.06693 -0.32493
7 14.19 -29.02%
0.015055123 5
- 0.07030 -0.36042
8 14.72 -35.51%
0.018421517 1
- 0.07195 -0.37491
9 14.98 -38.69%
0.020072956 3
- 0.07176 -0.37332
10 14.95 -38.32%
0.019882405 2
- 0.07144 -0.37063
11 14.9 -37.71%
0.019564821 4
0.07004 -0.35803
12 14.68 -0.01816745 -35.02%
7

4
 0.07023 -0.35982
13 14.71 -0.018358 -35.39%
8
0.07106 -0.36732
14 14.84 -0.01918372 -36.98%
3
- 0.07303 -0.38348
15 15.15 -40.77%
0.021152743 2
0.07430 -0.39273
16 15.35 -0.02242308 -43.22%
3
- 0.07811 -0.41573
17 15.95 -50.57%
0.026234093 4
- 0.08052 -0.42718
18 16.33 -55.22%
0.028647734 7
- 0.08389 -0.43983
19 16.86 -61.71%
0.032014129 4
- 0.08414 -0.44065
20 16.9 -62.20%
0.032268196 8

Sample calculation:-

Ʌ0− Ʌ1 11.81974454−8.2
c 1=c∞
[ Ʌ0 −Ʌ∞ ]
= 0.048120379 [
11.81974454−4.243745805 ]
=0.022991487

Ʌ0− Ʌ1 11.81974454−8.86
a 1=( a ∞−a 0)
[ Ʌ0 −Ʌ∞ ]
+a 0=( 0.00375924−0.051879621 ) [
11.81974454−4.243745805]+ 0.051879621=0.031

a0−a1 0.051879621−0.028888
conversion= = =44.32 %
a0 0.051879621

( a0−a1)
2
∗F
a1 0.051879621−0.028888
k= = 2
∗0.096695=2.663987 mol/ d m3 min
V 0.028888

5−4
( )∗( 60.65−39.68 ) +39.68
6−4
F a= =0.050165 L/ min
1000

5
 5−4
( )∗( 55.56−37.5 ) +37.5
6−4
F b= =0.04653 L/min
1000

Fa 0.050165
a 0= ( )
F a + Fb
∗a µ =
0.050165+ 0.04653
∗0.1=0.0518769

Fb 0.04653
(
b 0= )
F a + Fb
∗b µ =
0.04653+ 0.050165
∗0.1=0.048120379

Ʌc ∞ =0.07 [ 1+ 0.0284 ( T −294 ) ] c ∞ =0.07 [ 1+ 0.0284 ( 303.15−294 ) ]∗0.048120379=4.243745805

Ʌa =0.195 [ 1+ 0.0184 ( T −294 ) ] a0 =0.195 [ 1+ 0.0184 ( 303.15−294 ) ]∗0.051879621=11.8194454

0

a ∞=( a0−b0 ) =( 0.051879621−0.048120379 )=0.003759243

6
Plots:
Plot 1: # Concentration at reactor exit vs Conductivity for NaOH and CH3COONa with
stirring

1
0.03

0.03

0.03
mol/L

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.02
7 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8
A (s/cm)

a1 vs A c1 vs A1

Plot 2 # Concentration at reactor exit vs Conductivity for NaOH and CH 3COONa without
stirring

7
 2.c1 and a1 vs A1
0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04
mol/L

0.02

0
7 9 11 13 15 17 19
-0.02

-0.04

A (s/cm)

Plot 3 # Concentration at reactor exit vs time for NaOH and CH3COONa with stirring

3.a1,C1 vs time
0.03

0.03
consntration (mol/L)

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.02
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
time (min)

Plot 4 # Concentration at reactor exit vs time for NaOH and CH3COONa without stirring

8
 4.a1,C1 vs Time
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
mol/L

0.02
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
-0.02
-0.04
time (min)

a1 c1

Plot 5 # Concentration at reactor exit for reactant (NaOH) vs conversion of reactant

(XNaOH) with stirring .

5. Convergen VS a1
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
a1 (mo/L)

0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60 68 76 84 92 00 08 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

9
Plot 6 # Concentration at reactor exit for reactant (NaOH) vs conversion of reactant
(XNaOH) without stirring.

6.a1 vs X
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
a1 (mol/L)

0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
-80.00% -60.00% -40.00% -20.00% 0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00%
X

Plot 7 # Conversion of reactant (XNaOH) vs time with stirring.

7.X vsTime
18
16
14
12
10
8
t (min)

6
4
2
0
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60 68 76 84 92 00 08 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10
Plot 8 # Conversion of reactant (XNaOH) vs time without stirring (XNaOH vs t).

8.X vs Time
25

20

15
Time (min)

10

0
-80.00% -60.00% -40.00% -20.00% 0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00%
X

Discussion and Conclusion:

 According to table 2 the conversion is increased as the reaction procced with time
which make sense because almost the reaction is homogeneous and as we can see
we achieved 58% within 17 minute. In the other hand according to table 3 without
starring the conversion is decreased as the reaction procced with time and as we
can see we got a conversion with negative sign when we reached 6 minute which
is does not make sense but this may be due to the partial heterogeneity in the
reactor.
 As we know the rate constant k is directly proportional to the conversion and that
was shown by table 1 as rate constant increased the conversion increased as well.
 We can notice from the graphs in case with starring that the concentration of
sodium hydroxide is decreasing with time which true since it is reactant and it is
consumed also its conductivity is reduced with time in a relation can be described

11
 linearly by plot 1. while the opposite can be noticed in case without starring, for
example in plot 4 it is obvious there is such of random variation of concentrations
with
Vol.
Speed (mL) Time (Sec) Q1 ml/min Q2 ml/min respect to
    Pump 1 Pump 2     time as
10 25 16.6 17.82 90.3614458 84.1750842
well as in
8 20 14.81 16.26 81.0263336 73.800738
6 15 14.84 16.2 60.6469003 55.5555556 plot 8 the
4 10 15.12 16 39.6825397 37.5
2 5 14.87 15.6 20.1748487 19.2307692
conversion behavior is random with time.
In conclusion, we have seen the value of starring in CSTR in which the
homogeneity take place inside the reactor where the conversion can be achieved
faster and more efficient and we have seen how the conversion results were
different in case there is no starring and how the results were unacceptable for
conversion since they were having negative sign. So it is important to have
agitation in CSTR to produce the product efficiently.

Appendix:
Table 4 : Calibration data

12
 Calibration graph for Pump 1
12

10

8
Speed

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Q flow rate ml/min

Figure 1: Calibration graph for pump 1

Calibration graph for pump 2

12
10
8
Speed

6
4
2
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Q2 flow rate ml/min

Figure 2: Calibration graph for pump 2

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