defination of signal:

• in electronics, a signal is an electric current or electromagnetic field used to

convey data from one place to another. The simplest form of signal is a direct
current (DC) that is switched on and off; this is the principle by which the early
telegraph worked. More complex signals consist of an alternating-current (AC) or
electromagnetic carrier that contains one or more data streams.

• Data is superimposed on a carrier current or wave by means of a process called

modulation. Signal modulation can be done in either of two main ways: analog
and digital. In recent years, digital modulation has been getting more common,
while analog modulation methods have been used less and less. There are still
plenty of analog signals around, however, and they will probably never become
totally extinct.

• Except for DC signals such as telegraph and baseband, all signal carriers have a
definable frequency or frequencies. Signals also have a property called
wavelength, which is inversely proportional to the frequency.

• In some information technology contexts, a signal is simply "that which is sent or

received," thus including both the carrier (see 1) and the data together.

• In telephony, a signal is special data that is used to set up or control

communication. See signaling.
• defination of system:

A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a

complex whole. A functionally related group of elements, especially:

The human body regarded as a functional physiological unit.

An organism as a whole, especially with regard to its vital processes or functions.

A group of physiologically or anatomically complementary organs or parts: the nervous

system; the skeletal system.

A group of interacting mechanical or electrical components.

A network of structures and channels, as for communication, travel, or distribution.

A network of related computer software, hardware, and data transmission devices.

An organized set of interrelated ideas or principles. A social, economic, or political

organizational form. A naturally occurring group of objects or phenomena: the solar
system. A set of objects or phenomena grouped together for classification or analysis. A
condition of harmonious, orderly interaction. An organized and coordinated method; a
procedure. See synonyms at method. The prevailing social order; the establishment.
Used with the: You can't beat the system
• defination of communication:

• communications The technology employed in transmitting messages.

• In the electronic world, it is the transfer of data and information from one location
to another. "Data communications" or "datacom" refers to digital transmission.
"Telecommunications" or "telecom" refers to a mix of voice and data, both analog
and digital. However, due to digital convergence, "telecommunications" implies
"data communications."

• "Networking" generally refers to a local area network (LAN), but it may refer to a
wide area network (WAN), which is commonly called a telecom network.

• The term "communications" may refer only to voice-related subjects such as

PBXs, modems, call centers and the like. However, the word is also a common
English word such as in the "Analog Vs. Digital Communications" headline
below. Thus, "communications" is used specifically in some cases and
generically in others.

• The Protocol

• The way data communications systems "talk to" each other is defined in a set of
standards called "protocols." Protocols work in a hierarchy starting at the top with
the user's program and ending at the bottom with the plugs, sockets and
electrical signals. See communications protocol and OSI.

• Analog Vs. Digital Communications

• Prior to the Internet, the world's largest communications system was the
telephone network, a mix of analog and digital lines. It used to be entirely analog
and transmitted only voice frequencies, but is today almost entirely digital. The
only analog part is the line between the telephone and a digital conversion point
(digital loop carrier) within about a mile of the customer.

• Amplifiers Boost the Noise

• Analog systems are error prone because the electronic frequencies get mixed
together with unwanted, nearby signals (noise). In long distance analog
telephone networks, amplifiers were placed in the line every few miles to boost
the signal, but they also boosted the noise. By the time the person or modem
received the signal at the other end, it may have been impossible to decipher.

• Repeaters Regenerate

• In a digital network, only two (binary) distinct frequencies or voltages are

transmitted. Instead of amplifiers, repeaters are used, which analyze the
incoming signal and regenerate a new outgoing signal. Any noise on the line is
filtered out at the next repeater. When data are made up of only two signals (0 a

d 1), they can be more easily distinguished from the garble. Digital is simple.