Senior High School

Contemporary
Philippine Arts from
the Regions
Materials and Techniques
of Contemporary Arts
Module 2 Quarter 1

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2- Module 1: Materials and Techniques of Contemporary Arts
First Edition, 2020

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 Senior High School

Contemporary
Philippine Arts of the
Regions
Materials and Techniques of
Contemporary Arts
Quarter 2 - Module 1

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Table of Contents

What This Module is About

What I Need to Know
How to Learn from this Module
Icons of this Module

What I Know

Lesson 1: Elements and Principles of Contemporary Art

What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 1
What’s New ................................................................................................... 1
What Is It : .................................................................................................... 2-5
What’s More:…………………….. …………………………………………….. 6
What I Have: Principles of Critiquing artwork ............................................... 7
What I Can Do: Video Documentary............................................................ 7

Summary
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Key to Answer
References
What This Module is About

Welcome aboard to this module!

An inspiring day my dear students! Our module is an exploration of various

contemporary art techniques and performance practices. Contemporary Arts from the
Regions is relied upon to energize everyone. Accumulating various wonderful art forms will
give you the chance to appreciate the artworks of the local artists and showcase their products.

As this module spreads out, imagine yourself that you are in a journey to the different
places in the Philippines, meeting people, discovering their customs and traditions etc. The
journey you are going to take in this module is vastly different from the previous one. In this,
you will be educating about another colorful and exciting topics. This module gives you the
unmistakable expressive arts. It lets you discover the different contemporary art forms based
on the elements and principles.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Critique available materials (mediums) and appropriate techniques. CAR11/12ITPP-

0c-e-12
• Explicates the use of materials (mediums) and the application of techniques

a. Explain the meaning of the medium (materials) and techniques.

b. Determined the meaning that conveyed by the art by understanding how an artwork
is made thru mediums and techniques.
c. Identify the steps how to critique an artwork

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
 What I Know

Pre – test

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. In what step of art criticism would you explain the intent expressed in the artwork?
A. interpretation C. description
B. judgement D. Analysis

2. What kind of question can help you determine if the work is "successful" or not?
A. Does the work please the viewer?"
B. Does the work reflect its background or culture?"
C. Is the piece as good as it can be?"
D. Does the piece say what the artist wanted it to?"
3. A step in which you concentrate on whether the work is productive or not.
A. interpretation C. description
B. judgement D. Analysis

4. It is when the artist use and manipulate materials to achieve the desired formal effect, and
communicate the desired concept or meaning, according to his or her personal style.
A. Medium (materials) C. judgement
B. Technique D. analysis
5.Why we do critique artwork?
A. To produce good artwork C. To maximize the use of materials
B. To lessen the cost D. All of the above

6. In what principle of art critiquing identify a few main themes and explain how the artist used design
elements
A. interpretation C. Description
B. judgement D. Analysis

7. It describes the artwork using fair words.

A. interpretation C. Description
B. judgement D. Analysis

8. The material or the substance out of which a work is made.

A. Medium (materials) C. judgement
B. Technique D. analysis

9. It includes music, poetry and dance that is accompanied by music.

A. Musical arts C. Pictorial arts
B. Dramatic arts D. Narrative arts
10. An art occupy space and change in its meaning and function depending on their categories including
architecture, sculpture, and site specific works such as installations and public art.
A. Pictorial art C. Environmental art
B. Dramatic arts D. Practical art
 Materials (Mediums) and
Lesson
Techniques in Contemporary Arts

1
What I Need to Know

Artists, craftspeople, and designers use a broad range of materials, techniques, and processes
in their work, sometimes combining traditional craft with contemporary art and design in innovative ways.
Substances or materials used in the creation of works of art, as well as any production or manufacturing
techniques, processes or methods incorporated in the manufacture thereof. This information includes a
description of both the materials used to create the work and the way in which they have been put
together.
Developments in emerging technology have created a variety of new possibilities for the creative
process. The purpose of this lesson is to improve the knowledge, skills and understanding of learners
to work safely and creatively with them. Build the expertise, skills and understanding of learners to work
safely and creatively with the resources, techniques and processes associated with their specific
pathway. It will allow learners to explore, experiment and understand the use of a broad range of
materials, techniques, and processes.
In their creation work and in the production of finished work, learners will demonstrate ability and
understanding. To choose and use suitable materials and techniques, learners must analyze the various
qualities and characteristics of different media. They must learn to objectively review their experiments
at various stages of development to change and refine them.

What’s New
Activity 1: Definition of Terms

Define the following words and use it in a sentence.

Please give your answer to a sheet of paper.
1. medium
2. technique
3. artist
4. musician
5. critique

1
 What Is It
Mediums and techniques are not neutral or accidental, but part of the context of the work. We
also dictate, to a large degree, the forms in which we perceive and respond to the work of art. In
contemporary art, the medium has become largely dependent on conventions; artists are experimenting
and inventing new mediums and techniques, thereby widening the range of artistic tools. Medium is
defined as the material or the substance out of which a work is made. Through these materials, the
artists express and communicate feelings and ideas.
The medium also describes the essence of the type of art as follows:

• Sculptor uses metal, wood stone, clay, and glass. Sculptures fall within the category of “three
dimensional “arts because they occupy space and have volume. Pottery is a form of sculpture.
Other examples are nudes or figures such as Guillermo Tolentino’s Oblation, ritual objects such
as bulul wood carvings in the Cordillera, or the santos or carvings of saints in Christian churches.
• Architect uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone, concrete, and various building materials. Buildings
are also called “three-dimensional art arts because like sculpture, they occupy space and have
volume. However, architecture has the added element of time since we move into the structures.
• Painter uses pigments (watercolor, oil, tempera, textile paint, acrylic, ink etc.) on a usually flat
ground (wood, canvas, paper, stone wall such as in cave paintings.)
• Printmaker uses ink printed or transferred on a surface. (wood, metal plates, or silk screen) that
is in keeping with a duplication or reproducing process. Prints and paintings are further classified
as “two dimensional” arts, because they include the surface or ground on which coloring
substances are applied. However, while paintings are unique and one of a kind, prints can be
reproduced in several pre – determined editions.
• Musician uses sound and instruments (including the human voice), while the dancer uses the
body. A T’ boli chanter sings creation stories in a way that is different from a classical singer or
pop music singer influenced by the Western music scale.
• Dancer uses the body and its movements. Dance is often accompanied by music, but there are
dancers that do not rely on musical accompaniment to be realized. Dance can tell stories, but at
other times, they convey abstract ideas that do not rely on a a narrative.
• Theater artist integrates all the arts and uses the stage, production design, performance
elements, and script to enable the visual, musical, dance and other aspects to come together as
a whole work.
• Photographers use the camera to record the outside world
• Filmmaker uses the cinematographic camera to record and put together production design,
sound engineering, performance, and screen play. In digital photography and film, the images
can be assimilated into the computer, thus eliminating the need for celluloid or negatives,
processing chemicals, or print
• Writer of a novel, poetry, nonfiction, and fiction uses words.
• Designer, performance artist and installation arts combine use of the range of materials above.

The following are the classification of arts base on the mediums.

1. Musical arts include music, poetry and dance that is accompanied by music.
2. Practical arts use for everyday and business life such as design, architecture, and furniture.
3. Environmental arts occupy space and change in its meaning and function depending on their
categories including architecture, sculpture, and site-specific works such as installations and
public art.
4. Pictorial arts include painting, drawing, graphics and stage and production design.
5. Dramatic arts include drama, performance art, music, and dance.
6. Narrative arts include drama, novel, fiction, nonfiction, music, and dance.

2
 Technique is the in which artists use and manipulate materials to achieve the desired formal
effect, and communicate the desired concept or meaning, according to his or her personal style. The
distinctive character or nature of the medium determines the technique. For example, stone is chiseled,
wood is carved, clay is modeled and shaped, metal is cast, and thread is woven.
Technique involves tools and technology, ranging from the most traditional (carving, silkscreen,
analog, photography and filmmaking ) to the most contemporary (digital photography, digital filmmaking,
music production, industrial design, and robotics).
For example, the mural Filipino
Struggles Through History ( 1963) by
National Artists Carlos Francisco
depicts Andres Bonifacio leading the
revolution. It takes advantage of line
and color to communicate dynamism
and intense passion, in the
expressionist modern style. The
Bonifacio monument by another Artist,
Guillermo Tolentino (below)on the

other hand , make use of the carving to come up with

work that has mass and volume, enabling him to depict
the scene realistically capturing a moment of stillness
when Bonifacio stands reflectively on a scene of death,
but with grace and dignity befitting a leader in Neoclassic
style.(crafted: Flaudette May Datulin et. Al.
Contemporary Philippine Arts of the Regions p. 89-93)

The art critic is a systematic study and assessment of a piece of art. Although no two people can
have the same reaction to, or view, a work of art in the same way, there are a few simple principles that
can be followed to produce a critical, detailed critique.
A. Description (Describing the work for critiquing)
1. Gather important knowledge about your job. It is the sort of stuff you 'd find on the label of a
museum or gallery, or in an art book. Knowing the history of a piece will make a major difference
in the way you view and understand it.
Start your criticism by providing the
2. following information:
• Title of the work
• Artist’s name
• When the piece was created
• Where it was made
• The types of media used to create the
work (e.g., oil paint on canvas)
• The exact size of the work

(https://www.wikihow.com/Critique-Artwork#/Image:Critique-
Artwork-Step-15.jpg
3
Describe what you see. Describe the artwork using fair words. For example, you might say, "This is a
small-scale portrait painting of a young woman, seen from the middle torso up against a dark
background. She clasps her hands in front of her chest and looks up slightly to the right of the audience.
She wears a pink dress and a long veil that falls behind her head. "Avoid using words like "beautiful,"
"ugly," "good" or "evil."
Discuss the work's elements. Explain the work in more detail. Now describe the work in more detail.
Talk about how art uses these five basic elements in art and design: line, color, space, light, and form.
Describe how to use the line. Lines in a piece of art may be either explicit or symbolic. Lines in a piece
of art may be either explicit or symbolic. Different types of lines may produce various moods or effects.
Lines in a piece of art may be either explicit or symbolic. Different types of lines may produce various
moods or effects. The rough, sketchy lines build a sense of movement and independence, while the
smooth, firm lines sound more still and carefully designed.
The arrangement of figures and objects within a scene can indicate a line of sight or action. For e.g., a
group of figures all looking or pointing to same way can create an implied line that draws your eye
through the work in a direction.
Speak about how color is used in your work. Note characteristics such as hue (red, green, blue, etc.),
color (lightness or darkness) and strength. Look at the overall color scheme and think about how colors
fit together. For example, do the colors clash, or are they harmonious? Does the work use a variety of
colors, or is it monochromatic (all shades of blue, for example)?
Describe the use of space in the work. "Space" refers to the areas around and within objects inside a
job. When thinking about space, concentrate on issues like depth and perspective, overlapping objects,
and using empty space versus space filled with details. When you present a two-dimensional piece of
art, like a painting, think about whether the piece produces the impression of three-dimensional space
and depth.
Describe the use of light in the work. Light in a work of art may be warm or cold, bright or dark, natural
or artificial. Take some time to think about the role of light and shadow in the work.
When you are thinking about a two-dimensional work, like a painting, the attention may be on how the
artist creates the illusion of light.
In a three-dimensional work, like a sculpture, you might explore how real light interacts with the work. Is
the surface reflective, for example? Will the sculpture have interesting shadows? Will the sculpture have
interesting shadows?
Make note of the way shape is used in the work. Were the shapes linear, straight lines and perfect
curves in the work, or are they more natural? Is the work dominated by some single form of shape, or
do you see several different shapes?
Shapes have a significant part to play in both abstract and symbolic works. For example, in the portrait
of the bride by James Sant, there's many remarkable triangle shapes created by the drape of the bride's
veil around her shoulders and the clasped hands in front of her chest. if you find a pattern in a painting,
try and see if it is replicated somewhere else.
B. Analysis (Analyzing the work)
Discuss how the work uses the principles of composition. When you've described the work, it's time
to examine it or explain how it all comes together. Start by thinking about how the work is made up,
keeping a few simple ideas in mind
Balance: How do the colors, shapes and
textures of the piece fit together? Should
they produce a balanced or harmonious
effect, or is the piece in some way
unbalanced?
Contrast: does the job use contrasting
colors, textures, or lighting? Contrast
can also be seen in the use of various
https://www.wikihow.com/Critique-
Artwork#/Image:Critique-Artwork-Step-15.jpg shapes or contours, such as jagged vs.
curved lines or geometric vs. natural
shapes.
4 Movement: Why is the work generating
a sense of movement Is your eye drawn
in a specific way through the
composition?
Proportion: Do the proportions of the
different elements appear as you might

4
 expect, or are they surprising? For example, if the research depicts a group of people, do all of the
figures look bigger or smaller than they would have in real life?
Identify the subject of the job. Many of the works of art have one or more points designed to attract
your attention and draw your gaze. For a portrait, this may be the subject's face or eyes. It may be a
centrally located or well-lit object in a still-life. Seek to classify which aspects of the job are being
highlighted.
Look at the job and make a note of which feature(s) can come to you right away, or keep your eye drawn
back to them.
Ask yourself why your eye is attracted to the features in question. For example, if you find yourself
focusing on one figure in a group, is it because that figure is bigger than the others?
Search for patterns at work. Identify a few main themes and explain how the artist used design
elements (color, light, room, form, and line) to illustrate these themes. Themes could include things like:
a. The use of a color scheme to give the work a particular mood or meaning.
b. Symbolism and religious or mythological imagery.
c. Repeating images or motifs within a work or group of works.

C. Interpretation (Interpreting the work)

https://www.wikihow.com/Critique-Artwork#/Image:Critique-Artwork-Step-15.jpg
1. Try to identify the purpose
of the work. In other words, what
do you think the artist was trying to
say with the work? Why did they
create the work? Try to summarize
the overall meaning of the work, as
you see it.
• Describe your own
approach to work. Talk about
how you feel when you're looking
at work.
What do you think is the overall
mood of the job? Does that remind you of something (ideas, memories, certain works of art)? Use
descriptive language to speak about your reaction to work. Was the mood at work sad? hopeful?
Peaceful? Perhaps you'd like to describe the work as stunning, or ugly?
• Back up your interpretation/ definition with examples. Using examples from your job
summary and review to illustrate why you think and feel the way you do it.
* example, “I believe that James Sant’s portrait of a young bride is intended to give a sense of the bride’s
spiritual devotion. This is indicated by the line of the composition, which draws the viewer’s eye upward,
following the upward gaze of the subject. It is also suggested by warm light, coming from a source
somewhere above the young woman.”

5
 D. Judgement (Judging the work)
1. Decide whether you think the work is good. Your aim here is not simply to determine
if the art is "good "or "bad." Rather, concentrate on whether you think the work is
"productive." Think, for example, of
the following:
• Do you think the illustration
expresses what the artist wanted to
say?
• Did the artist make effective use of
their knowledge and techniques?
• Is art original, or is it imitating other
works?
2.Explain how you judge the
job. When you have agreed on a
few elements of the work to be
https://www.wikihow.com/Critique-Artwork#/Image:Critique-Artwork-Step-15.jpg assessed, clearly demonstrate
the focus of your evaluation. You
may suggest, for example, that you judge the piece on how well structured it is, how well done it is
technologically, and how well it expresses the intended mood or themes.
3.Summarize why you think the work has been successful or ineffective. Explain your decision
on the job in a few sentences. Please offer clear reasons for your decision, using your understanding
and analysis of the work. For example, “I believe this work is successful because the use of light, shape,
gesture, and line all work together harmoniously to portray the mood of the subject.”
As presented above, the different principles and steps in critiquing the artwork, Are you now ready to
critique? What do you thing is the significance of an art critiques? Are they really helpful? Basically, an
art critique allows the artist to understand how they influence their audience. It also allows the
audience/viewer to gain a better understanding of that artists' work. Moreover, it is also a spur to deciding
what you really think is the meaning, even though disagreement with the critic.

What’s More
Activity 2: Summarization (The teacher will give rubrics as a tool for scoring)
Fill in the table the different principles and steps in critiquing artwork. The first one is done for you.
Principles of critiquing art

Description 1. ___ 2. __ 3. __

Describe the use of

light in the work

6
 What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Exercise on Principles of Critiquing artwork

(The teacher will give rubrics as a tool for scoring)
Critique the picture below applying the different principles in critiquing the art piece.
Please answer your work in a sheet of paper.
1, Description
2.Analysis
3.Interpretation
4.Judgement

Spolarium by Juan Luna

What I Can Do
Activity 4: Video documentary
(The teacher will give rubrics as a tool for scoring)
Create a video documentary (not more than 4 minutes). Explain your video base on the different
principles in art critiquing.

Summary
The medium also describes the essence
of the type of art as follows: Sculptor, Architect ,
Painter, Printmaker, Musician, Dancer, Theater,
Photographer, and Filmmaker, Writer of a novel,
poetry, nonfiction, and fiction, Designer,
performance artist and installation arts
There are classification of arts base on the
mediums; Musical arts, Practical arts,
Environmental arts, Pictorial arts, Dramatic arts
and Narrative arts.
7 Description, Analysis, Interpretation and Judgement.
Technique is the in which artists use and
manipulate materials to achieve the desired formal effect,
and communicate the desired concept or meaning,
according to his or her personal style. It involves tools and
technology, ranging from the most traditional (carving ,
silkscreen, analog , photography and filmmaking ) to the
most contemporary ( digital photography, digital
filmmaking, music production, industrial design, and
robotics).
There are a few simple principles that can be
followed to produce a critical, detailed critique as follows
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. In what step of art criticism would you explain the intent expressed in the artwork?
A. interpretation C. description
B. judgement D. Analysis

2. What kind of question can help you determine if the work is "successful" or not?
A. Does the work please the viewer?"
B. Does the work reflect its background or culture?"
C. Is the piece as good as it can be?"
D. Does the piece say what the artist wanted it to?"
3. A step in which you concentrate on whether the work is productive or not.
A. interpretation C. description
B. judgement D. Analysis

4. It is when the artist use and manipulate materials to achieve the desired formal effect, and
communicate the desired concept or meaning, according to his or her personal style.
E. Medium (materials) C. judgement
F. Technique D. analysis
5.Why we do critique artwork?
C. To produce good artwork C. To maximize the use of materials
D. To lessen the cost D. All of the above

11. In what principle of art critiquing identify a few main themes and explain how the artist used design
elements
A. interpretation C. Description
B. judgement D. Analysis

12. It describes the artwork using fair words.

A. interpretation C. Description
B. judgement D. Analysis

13. The material or the substance out of which a work is made.

A. Medium (materials) C. judgement
B. Technique D. analysis

14. It includes music, poetry and dance that is accompanied by music.

A. Musical arts C. Pictorial arts
B. Dramatic arts D. Narrative arts
15. An art occupy space and change in its meaning and function depending on their categories including
architecture, sculpture, and site specific works such as installations and public art.
A. Pictorial art C. Environmental art
B. Dramatic arts D. Practical art
 Answer Key:

Post Test

1. A
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. A
10. C

(Suggested Rubrics for scoring)

References

https://www.wikihow.com/Critique-Artwork

https://qualifications.pearson.com/content/dam/pdf/BTEC-Nationals/Art-and-
Design/2010/Specification/Unit_2_Materials_Techniques_and_Processes_in_Art_and_Desig
n.pdf

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=filipino+struggles+through+history+1963&tbm=isch&s
ource=iu&ictx=1&fir=swtaAe4RZDtiIM%252CTiWYvYYwW0YK7M%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4
_kSvYs2KTrFaicoEEdkfNDwOBMTUkA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjV59qY67bqAhUCHqYKHaqj
DTQQ9QEwAHoECAoQAw&biw=1200&bih=644#imgrc=d_Z2OmOdd90UjM

Faudette May datulin et.al .2016. Contemporary Philippine Arts of the Regions.pp90-98
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

DARLENE D. DALIVA
Secondary School Teacher III
Senior High School Teacher

Macabalan National High School

Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Designated as Subject Coordinator –

Music Art Physical Education, Health
and Grade 12 LIS Coordinator

Teaching Contemporary Philippine Arts

from the Regions, Physical Education
and Health 11 and 12, Personal
Development, World Religion,
Organization and Management and ICT
Call Center - GAS
Para sa mga katanungan o puna, sumulat o tumawag sa:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph