Benha University

Faculty of Engineering- Shoubra Examples

Civil Engineering Department
Third Year Civil (General)

 Illustrate your answers with sketches when necessary.

 ECP codes, Design sheets and tables of steel sections are allowed
The framing system shown is proposed for a shopping mall in Tanta of 24 ms width and 36 ms length. The
framing system is repeated @ 6.0 ms. It consists of two steel frames ABCD and EFGH. Concrete slabs of 12.0
cm were used at all levels and the service live load= 0.5t/m2. Roof trusses as CF used @ 6.0 ms covered the
space between the two buildings. Hinge and roller are used to support the truss at F and C respectively.
Transparant sheets of 30.0 Kg/m2 were used to cover the trusses. Assume any other required data.

Example No.1:
Propose and draw bracing system for the structure.

Example No.2:
Calculate the design loads of members mp and mn. Consider the wind load on the
roof only.

Example No. 3:
Design member mn when subjected to design tension load of 15.2 tons. Use bolts
of size M16 and grade 4.6.

A. Prof. Fathy A. Abdelfattah

 Solution
Question No.1:
Propose and draw bracing system for the structure.
Question No.2:
Calculate the design loads of members mp and mn. Consider the wind load on the roof only.

s
s p

m n

By applying unit load at each joint

Take moment @ joint p
4*8 –1*2*(1+2+3+4/2)= Rmn *2 then Rmn = 8
At joint s Rms = -1
By taking Σ vertical forces at the section i-i = 0
Then Rv mp = Rh mp = -0.5 and the force in Rmp= -0.707

Dead Loads
Consider:
Truss self weight /m2 = 12 KG/m2
Bracing self weight /m2 = 3 KG/m2
Cover sheets /m2 = 30 KG/m2

Total dead load /m2 = 45 KG/m2

Assume weight of purlin = 15 Kg/m'
Dead load / panal = P dead Load = (45 * 2 + 15) * 6 = 630 Kg = 0.63 t

Live Loads:
The roof is flexible and inaccessible
From the figure WL.L. = 60 kg/m²
P Live Load: 0.06*2.0 * 6= 0.72 t
 Wind Loads
Consider the wind load on the roof only.
Wind pressure Kg/m² q = (0.5 ρ V² Ct Cs )/ 9.81

q = (0.5 * 1.25 * V² *1*1 )/ 9.81 = 0.625 v² / 9.81

In Cairo q = 0.625 *30² / 9.81 = 57.33 Kg/m²

Pe = -0.8 *57.33 * 1.0 = -45.87 Kg/m²

Pw = 45.87 *2 *6 = - 550.45 kg = - 0.55 t

Forces in the members

member dead loads Roof live loads wind loads
mn 8*0.63= 5.04 8*0.72= 5.76 -8*0.55= -4.4
mp -0.707*0.63= -0.445 -0.707*0.72= -0.5 0.707*0.55= 0.388
ms - 1.0*0.63= -0.63 -1.0*0.72= -0.72 1.0*0.55= 0.55
sp -7.5*0.63= -4.725 -7.5*0.72= -5.4 7.5*0.55= 4.1

Design Loads
member mn mp ms sp
1.4 D 7.56 -0.623 -0.88 -6.615
1.2D + 0.5 L + 1.6 Lr 15.264 -1.33 -1.9 -14.31
1.2D + 0.5 L + 0.5 Lr +1.3 W 3.2 -0.279 -0.401 -3.04
0.9 D + 1.3 W -1.184 0.104 0.148 1.0775
0.9 D - 1.3 W 10.256 -0.904 -1.28 -9.582
Design Tension 15.26
Loads Compression -1.33 -1.9 -14.31

Question No. 3:
Design member mn when subjected to design tension load of 15.2 tons. Use bolts of size M16 and grade 4.6.

Design of member mn
Pu = 15.2t from load combinations
Ag= 15.2/ (0.85 * 2 * 2.4) = 3.7 cm Ag = 15.2 /( 0.85*0.85*0.7*2*3.7)= 4.06
From table take 2 angles back to back of size 55x55x5
Ag = 5.32 cm2 W = 4.18 Kg/m' e=1.52 cm ix = 1.66 cm iy= 0.45a = 2.475 cm

Check of slenderness:
x = (200/1.66)=120.4 < 300 ok
y = (400/2.475)=161.6 < 300 ok
Check of connection detail:
(leg angle – t)= (55-0.5) =5.0 >3 = 3*1.6 = 4.8 cm ok
Yielding limit:
Pn = 0.85 * 2 *Ag * Fy = 0.85 * 2 * 5.32 * 2.4 = 21.7 t > Pu = 15.5 t ok safe

Fracture limit of net section:

An = Ag – n t d = 5.32 – 1*0.5 * 1.8 = 4.42 cm2
U = 1- (e/L) = 1- ( 1.52 / 16) = 0.905 take U= 0.9
Ae =U * An = 0.9 * 4.42 = 3.978 cm2
Pn = 0.7 * 2 * Ae * Fu = 0.7 * 2 * 3.978 * 3.7 = 20.6 t > Pu = 15.3 t ok safe

Block shear:
Ant = (2.5 – 0.9) 0.5 = 0.8 cm2
Anv = (19.5 – 2.5 * 1.8) * 0.5= 7.5 cm2
0.6 Fu Anv = 0.6* 3.7 * 7.5 = 16.65
Fu Ant = 3.7 *0.8 = 2.96
0.6 Fu Anv > Fu Ant
Rn =0.7( 0.6 Fu Anv + Fy Agt)
= 0.7*2*( 16.65+2.5 *2.4*0.5) = 27.51t > Pu =
15.3 t ok safe